Abstract:
:The effects of urea and of guanidinium chloride on binding constants in water for 6-(4-tert-butylanilino)-naphthalene-2-sulfonate and of bis(p-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate binding to beta-cyclodextrin and to N,N'-bis(6-beta-cyclo-dextrinyl)imidazolium ion have been determined. Their effects on the water solubility of p-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol and p-methylbenzyl alcohol have also been examined. Quantitative correlations show that the effects of these additives, which diminish hydrophobic effects, are similar for release of a tert-butylphenyl group from a cyclodextrin cavity into water or for solubilizing such a group from a second phase. The effects of these agents on the binding constants for double-ended substrates binding to the bis(cyclodextrin) host are much larger than for a simple substrate binding to monomeric cyclodextrin, consistent with additivity of free-energy perturbations. Ethanol also decreases binding in these systems, and increases solubilities, but the quantitative correlations are less straightforward.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Breslow R,Halfon Sdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.15.6916keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-08-01 00:00:00pages
6916-8issue
15eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three preparations of purified papain-solublized HL-A antigens have been radiolabeled by reductive methylation using formaldehyde and potassium boro[3H]hydride, and their reaction with specific HL-A antisera has been investigated. Greater than 99 percent of the radioactivity in the [3H]HL-A2 preparation could be compl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.4.1594
更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formulas are derived for the effect of size on a free-swimming microbe's ability to follow chemical, light, or temperature stimuli or to disperse in random directions. The four main assumptions are as follows: (i) the organisms can be modeled as spheres, (ii) the power available to the organism for swimming is proport...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10949
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously identified two species of the low-affinity human Fc receptor for IgE, Fc epsilon RIIa and Fc epsilon RIIb, which differ only in a short stretch of amino acids at the N-terminal cytoplasmic end. Their differential expressions on B cells and monocytes suggest that Fc epsilon RIIa and Fc epsilon RIIb a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.11.5030
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::NIH 3T3 mouse cells were transfected with plasmids that induce efficient expression of either (i) the Rous sarcoma virus v-src gene, (ii) the chicken c-src gene, or (iii) a recombinant gene combining the 5' portion of c-src with the 3' end of v-src. Focus formation in tissue culture and formation of large colonies in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.22.7071
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple protocol for the rescue of a synthetic genome into a paramyxovirus has been developed. First, a synthetic Sendai virus-like RNA, containing the antisense coding region of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene replacing the coding region of the Sendai virus genome, was transcribed from a cDNA. When introd...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.13.5537
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preservation of our cultural heritage is of great importance to future generations. Despite this, significant problems have arisen with the conservation of waterlogged wooden artifacts. Three major issues facing conservators are structural instability on drying, biological degradation, and chemical degradation on ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1406037111
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Population outbreaks in tundra rodents have intrigued scientists for a century as a result of their spectacular appearances and their general lessons in ecology. One outstanding question that has led to competing hypotheses is why sympatric lemmings and voles differ in regularity and shape of their outbreaks. Lemming ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1012714108
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superoxide dismutases (SODs; superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) play a key role in protection against oxygen radicals, and SOD gene expression is highly induced during environmental stress. To determine the conditions of SOD induction, the promoter of the cytosolic copper/zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSODcyt) gene w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.3108
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid, inhibits the processing of asparagine-linked glycoproteins in both cell-free extracts and animal cells in culture. Thus, in a liver particulate enzyme preparation, swainsonine at 0.1-1.0 microM inhibited the mannosidase that releases [3H]mannose from a high mannose glycopeptide b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7393
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A water-soluble component of membranes of cells from a Burkitt's lymphoma cultured cell line was used to develop an antiserum that detects an antigen(s) on acute leukemia cells. This antiserum did not react with nonlymphoid cultured cell lines except for human embryonic kidney cells infected with the Rauscher murine l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.2.495
更新日期:1973-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the serum proteolytic system plasminogen/plasminogen activator as a biochemical tool used by the glia or neurons, or both, for maintaining their temporary and flexible cellular interactions during histogenesis of the nervous system is under study. The present report identifies a glia cell type, the Schwann...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.22.7216
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We combine direct surface force measurements with thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that pure ionic liquids are expected to behave as dilute weak electrolyte solutions, with typical effective dissociated ion concentrations of less than 0.1% at room temperature. We performed equilibrium force-distance measurements...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1307871110
更新日期:2013-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesvirus extracted from a naturally occurring frog renal carcinoma (Lucké tumor) induced virus-free Lucké tumors in developing frogs. Herpesvirus recovered from an induced tumor after incubation at low temperature of tumor fragments cultured in vitro was oncogenic when injected into developing frog embryos. With th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.3.830
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.3.994
更新日期:1969-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1007888107
更新日期:2010-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::Modified bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoproteins were expressed by using vaccinia virus recombinants, and their fusogenic capacities were examined by a syncytia-formation assay. This analysis indicates that (i) both BLV envelope glycoproteins gp51 and gp30 are necessary for cell fusion; (ii) insertion of the N-termi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3810
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated and determined the sequence of a genomic clone containing the gene for a human class I transplantation antigen. The gene contains seven exons. The first five exons code respectively for a signal peptide, for the first, second, and third extracellular domains of the protein molecule, and for the transm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.3.893
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosystem II (PSII) is an intrinsic membrane protein complex that functions as a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase in oxygenic photosynthesis. Electron transport in PSII is associated with formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative modifications of PSII proteins. In this study...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2019246118
更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Caveolin, a 21- to 24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae membranes. Caveolin interacts directly with heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) and can functionally regulate their activity. Here, an approximately 20-kDa caveolin-related protein, caveolin-2, was ide...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.131
更新日期:1996-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::ATP-dependent RNA ligases are agents of RNA repair that join 3'-OH and 5'-PO4 RNA ends. Naegleria gruberi RNA ligase (NgrRnl) exemplifies a family of RNA nick-sealing enzymes found in bacteria, viruses, and eukarya. Crystal structures of NgrRnl at three discrete steps along the reaction pathway-covalent ligase-(lysyl-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The thymidine analog fialuridine deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) was toxic in trials for chronic hepatitis B infection. One mechanism postulated that defective mtDNA replication was mediated through inhibition of DNA polymerase-gamma (DNA pol-gamma), by FIAU triphosphate (FIALTP) or by trip...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3592
更新日期:1996-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular form of the Prion protein (PrPC) is necessary for prion replication in mice. To determine whether it is also sufficient, we expressed PrP under the control of various cell- or tissue-specific regulatory elements in PrP knockout mice. The interferon regulatory factor-1 promoter/Emu enhancer led to high PrP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3987
更新日期:1999-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::An immunoglobulin light chain protein was isolated from the urine of an individual (BRE) with systemic amyloidosis. Complete amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain (VL) protein established it as a kappa I, which when compared with other kappa I amyloid associated proteins had unique residues, in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9490
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Previous experiments have demonstrated that the human beta-globin gene is correctly regulated in transgenic mice. The beta-globin gene is not expressed in yolk sac-derived erythroid cells in early embryonic development but is expressed concomitantly with the adult mouse beta-globin genes in 14- to 16-day fetal liver a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.20.7056
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mus poschiavinus x M. musculus hybrids, which had seven metacentric chromosomes derived from the poschiavinus complement, were repeatedly backcrossed to M. musculus and selected for the chromosome carrying the H-2 complex. A line called T1/Klj was established which had one metacentric chromosome. It was shown by linka...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.7.1594
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis, expression of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes was examined in rat pleural mesothelial cells and hamster tracheal epithelial cells after exposure to crocidolite or chrysotile asbestos. In contrast to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which induces rapid an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3299
更新日期:1993-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The supposition that agricultural intensification results in land sparing for conservation has become central to policy formulations across the tropics. However, underlying assumptions remain uncertain and have been little explored in the context of conservation incentive schemes such as policies for Reducing Emission...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220070110
更新日期:2013-05-07 00:00:00
abstract::Marine reserve theory suggests that where large, productive populations are protected within no-take marine reserves, fished areas outside reserves will benefit through the spillover of larvae produced in the reserves. However, empirical evidence for larval export has been sparse. Here we use a simple idealized coastl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907368107
更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::The role of GATA4 during the earliest stages of cardiogenesis has not been defined because Gata4 knockout embryos suffer an early developmental arrest caused by deficiencies in extraembryonic visceral endoderm function. We have used tetraploid embryo complementation to rescue these defects and generated clonal embryon...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0400752101
更新日期:2004-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::A common challenge in pathogen discovery by deep sequencing approaches is to recognize viral or subviral pathogens in samples of diseased tissue that share no significant homology with a known pathogen. Here we report a homology-independent approach for discovering viroids, a distinct class of free circular RNA subvir...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117815109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00