Abstract：
:A single-chain Fv (scFv) fusion phage library derived from random combinations of VH and VL (variable heavy and light chains) domains in the antibody repertoire of a vaccinated melanoma patient was previously used to isolate clones that bind specifically to melanoma cells. An unexpected finding was that one of the clones encoded a truncated scFv molecule with most of the VL domain deleted, indicating that a VH domain alone can exhibit tumor-specific binding. In this report a VH fusion phage library containing VH domains unassociated with VL domains was compared with a scFv fusion phage library as a source of melanoma-specific clones; both libraries contained the same VH domains from the vaccinated melanoma patient. The results demonstrate that the clones can be isolated from both libraries, and that both libraries should be used to optimize the chance of isolating clones binding to different epitopes. Although this strategy has been tested only for melanoma, it is also applicable to other cancers. Because of their small size, human origin and specificity for cell surface tumor antigens, the VH and scFv molecules have significant advantages as tumor-targeting molecules for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and can also serve as probes for identifying the cognate tumor antigens.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Cai X,Garen Adoi
10.1073/pnas.94.17.9261subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-19 00:00:00pages
9261-6issue
17eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Using T- and B-cell deficient C.B-17 mice with the scid mutation, we have previously documented the existence of a T-cell-independent but interferon gamma-dependent pathway of macrophage activation that confers upon the host partial resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This pat...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.89.3.1011
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrophysiological and activity-dependent gene expression studies of birdsong have contributed to the understanding of the neural representation of natural sounds. However, we have limited knowledge about the overall spatial topography of song representation in the avian brain. Here, we adapt the noninvasive functio...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0611515104
更新日期：2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:We report direct evidence for the existence of an iron(IV)-hydroxide. Resonance Raman measurements on chloroperoxidase compound II (CPO-II) reveal an isotope ((18)O and (2)H)-sensitive band at nu(Fe-O) = 565 cm(-1). Preparation of CPO-II in H(2)O using H(2)(18)O(2) results in a red-shift of 22 cm(-1), while preparatio...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0603159103
更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been recognized that a suite of proteins exists in coral skeletons that is critical for the oriented precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals, yet these proteins remain poorly characterized. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins extracted from the cell-free skeleton o...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1301419110
更新日期：2013-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) glycans are expressed on highly metastatic colon cancer cells. They promote extravasation of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis via interacting with E-selectin on endothelial cells. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been noted as a critical pheno...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1111135109
更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:During cell division, the mitotic spindle segregates the sister chromatids into two nascent cells, such that each daughter cell inherits one complete set of chromosomes. Errors in spindle formation can result in both chromosome missegregation and cytokinesis defects and hence lead to genomic instability. To ensure the...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0507066103
更新日期：2006-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a simple yet powerful technique for delineating the morphological events of tumor-induced angiogenesis and other tumor-induced host processes with dual-color fluorescence. The method clearly images implanted tumors and adjacent stroma, distinguishing unambiguously the host and tumor-specific componen...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.2436101100
更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in prostate cancer, and suppression of its signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer for more than 70 y. Chemotherapy has been reserved for metastatic castration-resistant pros...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1600420113
更新日期：2016-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Selection is widely accepted as the principal force shaping phenotypic variation within populations. Its importance in speciation and macroevolution has been questioned, however, because phenotypic differences between species or higher taxa sometimes appear to be nonadaptive. Here, we use the quantitative trait locus ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.192360899
更新日期：2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Life in environments devoid of photosynthesis, such as on early Earth or in contemporary dark subsurface ecosystems, is supported by chemical energy. How, when, and where chemical nutrients released from the geosphere fuel chemosynthetic biospheres is fundamental to understanding the distribution and diversity of life...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.2007051117
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:A new common cell-surface antigen associated with murine and feline C-type RNA leukemia viruses was demonstrated by the use of rabbit antiserum against feline leukemia virus and the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. Common cell-surface antigen was found in all leukemias of all strains of mice tested, in norma...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.70.6.1878
更新日期：1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used a soluble in vitro RNA polymerase II transcription system to define the site of initiation of Moloney murine leukemia viral RNA synthesis. Molecularly cloned integrated and unintegrated Moloney murine leukemia virus DNAs were used as templates. The 5' ends of in vitro transcripts and virion RNA of Moloney...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.78.9.5411
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In yeast meiosis, crossing-over between homologues is dependent upon double-strand breaks. We demonstrate that the occurrence of these breaks is independent of pairing between homologues by showing that they occur with normal frequency, timing, and position in the absence of a homologue. This observation supports mode...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.91.25.11934
更新日期：1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of [2-13C]acetate was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The fate of 13C label was analyzed in vivo and in cell extracts. During the first 4 hr of sporulation the major metabolite produced from [2-13C]acetate utilization was glutamate. From the labeling pattern...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.80.19.5847
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As root symbionts of cycad trees, cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc produce beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid. The biomagnification of BMAA through the Guam ecosystem fits a classic triangle of increasing concentrations of toxic compounds up the food chain. However, because BMAA is ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0404926101
更新日期：2004-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Hot methane spectra are important in environments ranging from flames to the atmospheres of cool stars and exoplanets. A new spectroscopic line list, 10to10, for (12)CH4 containing almost 10 billion transitions is presented. This comprehensive line list covers a broad spectroscopic range and is applicable for temperat...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1324219111
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The G12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins, comprised of the alpha-subunits Galpha12 and Galpha13, has been implicated as a signaling component in cellular processes ranging from cytoskeletal changes to cell growth and oncogenesis. In an attempt to elucidate specific roles of this subfamily in cell regulation, we ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.021350998
更新日期：2001-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of the third component of human complement (C3) with methylamine results in a loss of hemolytic function and the appearance of a thiol group. Studies with [14C]methylamine have indicatd a stoichiometric and covalent reaction with the native protein. Hydrazine-inactivated C3 and C3b prepared with bovine tryps...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.77.10.5764
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In adult skeletal muscles, 2 junctophilin isoforms (JPH1 and JPH2) tether the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to transverse tubule (T-tubule) membranes, generating stable membrane contact sites known as triads. JPHs are anchored to the membrane of the SR by a C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) and bind the T-tubule mem...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1820980116
更新日期：2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Forests and their soils contain the majority of the earth's terrestrial carbon stocks. Changes in patterns of tree growth can have a huge impact on atmospheric cycles, biogeochemical cycles, climate change, and biodiversity. Recent studies have shown increases in biomass across many forest types. This increase has bee...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0912376107
更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The equations of motion of the coupled electron-phonon system are integrated in real time for the model of polyacetylene recently proposed. To illustrate the physical behavior of this nonlinear system we consider the time evolution starting from three physically relevant configurations: (i) end generated soliton, (ii)...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.77.10.5626
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 6.1-kilobase insertion into the rudimentary (r) gene was cloned and partially sequenced. The insertion consists of a 703-base-pair (bp) P element next to a 5.4-kilobase single-copy sequence. The normal position of the single-copy sequence is near the tip of the X chromosome. Upon insertion into the r gene, this chim...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.88.3.693
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a highly prevalent gynecological disease with severe negative impacts on life quality and financial burden. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, which highlights the need for further investigation about the pathophysiology of this disease to provide clues for developing novel therapeutic ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1920037117
更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In Huntington's disease (HD), mutation of huntingtin causes selective neurodegeneration of dopaminoceptive striatal medium spiny neurons. Transgenic HD model mice that express a portion of the disease-causing form of human huntingtin develop a behavioral phenotype that suggests dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmi...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.120166397
更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The science around the use of masks by the public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact, transmission characteristics, source control, wea...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1073/pnas.2014564118
更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Thiamin diphosphate, the vitamin B1 coenzyme, plays critical roles in fundamental metabolic pathways that require acyl carbanion equivalents. Studies on chemical models and enzymes had suggested that these carbanions are resonance-stabilized as enamines. A crystal structure of this intermediate in pyruvate oxidase at ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1201280109
更新日期：2012-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Ablation of inhibitory agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus that also synthesize gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and neuropeptide Y in adult mice leads to starvation within 1 week. The removal of inhibition from the AgRP neurons onto neighboring proopiomelanocortin neurons and their ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0712062105
更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of the diversity of possible biological forms observed in nature, a limited range of morphospace is frequently occupied for a given trait. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this bias in the distribution of phenotypes including selection, drift, and developmental constraints. Despite extensive w...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1322342111
更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The endodermis acts as a "second skin" in plant roots by providing the cellular control necessary for the selective entry of water and solutes into the vascular system. To enable such control, Casparian strips span the cell wall of adjacent endodermal cells to form a tight junction that blocks extracellular diffusion ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1308412110
更新日期：2013-08-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The major obstacle to the study of functional/structural interrelationships of spinach chloroplasts by using spin labels has been the rapid loss of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals upon illumination with visible light. The present study demonstrates that the addition of ferredoxin and NADP+ in the pre...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.72.8.3107
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
