Effect of phenotypic variation on kin selection.

abstract：:After decades of robust growth, the rise in US life expectancy stalled after 2010. Explanations for the stall have focused on rising drug-related deaths. Here we show that a stagnating decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was the main culprit, outpacing and overshadowing the effects of all other causes of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mehta NK,Abrams LR,Myrskylä M

更新日期：2020-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:We use age distributions of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead on beaches of western Prince William Sound, Alaska, between 1976 and 1998 in conjunction with time-varying demographic models to test for lingering effects from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Our results show that sea otters in this area had decrease...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Monson DH,Doak DF,Ballachey BE,Johnson A,Bodkin JL

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:At the neuromuscular junction, two motor neuron-derived signals have been implicated in the regulation of synaptogenesis. Neuregulin-1 is thought to induce transcription of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes in subsynaptic muscle nuclei by activating ErbB receptors. Neural agrin aggregates AChRs by activating the rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moore C,Leu M,Müller U,Brenner HR

更新日期：2001-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Overexpression of ErbB-2/Neu has been causally associated with mammary epithelial transformation. Here we report that blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase with AG-1478 markedly delays breast tumor formation in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)/Neu + MMTV/transforming growth factor alpha bigeni...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lenferink AE,Simpson JF,Shawver LK,Coffey RJ,Forbes JT,Arteaga CL

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are characterized by quantized vorticity, superfluidity, and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barenghi CF,Skrbek L,Sreenivasan KR

更新日期：2014-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The Etruscans, the only preclassical European population that has been genetically characterized so far, share only two haplotypes with their modern geographic counterparts, the Tuscans, who, nonetheless, appear to be their closest relatives. We modeled 10 demographic scenarios spanning the last 2,500 years and tested...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Belle EM,Ramakrishnan U,Mountain JL,Barbujani G

更新日期：2006-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed cell death regulates a number of biological phenomena, and the apoptotic signal must itself be tightly controlled to avoid inappropriate cell death. We established a genetic screen to search for molecules that inhibit the apoptotic signal from the Fas receptor. Here we report the isolation of a gene, LFG, t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Somia NV,Schmitt MJ,Vetter DE,Van Antwerp D,Heinemann SF,Verma IM

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The I-J subregion of the mouse major histocompatibility complex has been reported to encode antigenic determinants expressed by suppressor T cells. Previously, cosmid clones were obtained from mouse sperm DNA that contain all of the sequences between the I-A and I-E subregions, where I-J has been mapped genetically. H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kronenberg M,Steinmetz M,Kobori J,Kraig E,Kapp JA,Pierce CW,Sorensen CM,Suzuki G,Tada T,Hood L

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)meG) and related modifications of guanine in double-stranded DNA are functionally severe lesions that can be produced by many alkylating agents, including N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a potent carcinogen. O(6)meG is repaired through its demethylation by the O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang CS,Shemorry A,Varshavsky A

更新日期：2009-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the widespread use of silicon in modern technology, its peculiar thermal expansion is not well understood. Adapting harmonic phonons to the specific volume at temperature, the quasiharmonic approximation, has become accepted for simulating the thermal expansion, but has given ambiguous interpretations for micr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim DS,Hellman O,Herriman J,Smith HL,Lin JYY,Shulumba N,Niedziela JL,Li CW,Abernathy DL,Fultz B

更新日期：2018-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Undesired side products of DNA transfections are usually discarded. However, here, we show that such products may provide insight into mutational events that are also a major driving force in protein evolution. While studying the small heat-shock protein alphaA-crystallin, we transfected the hamster alphaA-crystallin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Rijk AA,de Jong WW,Bloemendal H

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Occurrence of the transversion mutation A.T to C.G is specifically enhanced in Escherichia coli mutT mutants. With the aid of the cloned mutT gene, the MutT protein, which has a molecular mass of 15 kilodaltons, was overproduced and purified to near homogeneity. The protein catalyzes hydrolysis of dGTP to dGMP. dGDP a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akiyama M,Maki H,Sekiguchi M,Horiuchi T

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is a 42-amino acid gastrointestinal regulatory peptide that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in the presence of glucose. Approximately 7.8 x 10(5) recombinant clones of a neonatal rat intestinal cDNA library were screened by using plaque hybridizati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tseng CC,Jarboe LA,Landau SB,Williams EK,Wolfe MM

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinate:NAD(+) 3-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.24) from carrot cell suspension cultures has previously been shown to be activated by phosphorylation and inactivated by dephosphorylation. Here it is shown that the reactivation of the inactivated quinate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase is an enzyme-mediated process that requires ATP a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ranjeva R,Refeno G,Boudet AM,Marmé D

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heme is a common factor linking several metabolic perturbations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including iron metabolism, mitochondrial complex IV, heme oxygenase, and bilirubin. Therefore, we determined whether heme metabolism was altered in temporal lobes obtained at autopsy from AD patients and age-matched nondemente...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Atamna H,Frey WH 2nd

更新日期：2004-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Reconstructing the origin and early evolutionary history of anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) is a current focus of paleoprimatology. Although earlier hypotheses frequently supported an African origin for anthropoids, recent discoveries of older and phylogenetically more basal fossils in China and Myanma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chaimanee Y,Chavasseau O,Beard KC,Kyaw AA,Soe AN,Sein C,Lazzari V,Marivaux L,Marandat B,Swe M,Rugbumrung M,Lwin T,Valentin X,Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein,Jaeger JJ

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The multidimensional free energy surface for a small fast folding helical protein is explored based on first-principle calculations. The model represents the 46-residue segment from fragment B of staphylococcal protein A. The relationship between collapse and tertiary structure formation, and the order of collapse and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo Z,Brooks CL 3rd,Boczko EM

更新日期：1997-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic genes for human insulin A and B chains were cloned separately in plasmid pBR322. The cloned synthetic genes were then fused to an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene to provide efficient transcription and translation and a stable precursor protein. The insulin peptides were cleaved from beta-galactosida...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goeddel DV,Kleid DG,Bolivar F,Heyneker HL,Yansura DG,Crea R,Hirose T,Kraszewski A,Itakura K,Riggs AD

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscular dystrophy is a general term encompassing muscle disorders that cause weakness and wasting, typically leading to premature death. Membrane instability, as a result of a genetic disruption within the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), is thought to induce myofiber degeneration, although the downstream mecha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Millay DP,Goonasekera SA,Sargent MA,Maillet M,Aronow BJ,Molkentin JD

更新日期：2009-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Striatal enkephalin and dynorphin opioid systems mediate reward and negative affect, respectively, relevant to addiction disorders. We examined polymorphisms of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) genes in relation to heroin abuse and gene expression in the human striatum and the relevance of genetic dopamine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nikoshkov A,Drakenberg K,Wang X,Horvath MC,Keller E,Hurd YL

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the myriad complications involved in the current food crisis, the relationship between agriculture and the rest of nature is one of the most important yet remains only incompletely analyzed. Particularly in tropical areas, agriculture is frequently seen as the antithesis of the natural world, where the problem i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perfecto I,Vandermeer J

更新日期：2010-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have identified nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) that are closely associated with transcriptional enhancers in the IgH, Igkappa, and T cell receptor (TCR) beta loci, but have yielded conflicting information regarding their functional significance. In this report, a combination of in vitro and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhong XP,Carabaña J,Krangel MS

更新日期：1999-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A central tenet of evolutionary social science holds that behaviors, such as those associated with social dominance, produce fitness effects that are subject to cultural selection. However, evidence for such selection is inconclusive because it is based on short-term statistical associations between behavior and ferti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lansing JS,Watkins JC,Hallmark B,Cox MP,Karafet TM,Sudoyo H,Hammer MF

更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Synchronized beating of cilia on multiciliated cells (MCCs) generates a directional flow of mucus across epithelia. This motility requires a "9 + 2" microtubule (MT) configuration in axonemes and the unidirectional array of basal bodies of cilia on the MCCs. However, it is not fully understood what components are need...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robinson AM,Takahashi S,Brotslaw EJ,Ahmad A,Ferrer E,Procissi D,Richter CP,Cheatham MA,Mitchell BJ,Zheng J

更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates cardiovascular functions during embryogenesis and adulthood. 5-HT binds to numerous cognate receptors to initiate its biological effects. However, none of the 5-HT receptor disruptions in mice have yet resulted in embryonic defe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nebigil CG,Choi DS,Dierich A,Hickel P,Le Meur M,Messaddeq N,Launay JM,Maroteaux L

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most important model organisms and has been a valuable asset to human civilization. However, despite its extensive use in the last 9,000 y, the existence of a seasonal cycle outside human-made environments has not yet been described. We demonstrate the role of social wasps as vec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stefanini I,Dapporto L,Legras JL,Calabretta A,Di Paola M,De Filippo C,Viola R,Capretti P,Polsinelli M,Turillazzi S,Cavalieri D

更新日期：2012-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Insertion of foreign DNA into an established mammalian genome can extensively alter the patterns of cellular DNA methylation. Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12)-transformed hamster cells, Ad12-induced hamster tumor cells, or hamster cells carrying integrated DNA of bacteriophage lambda were used as model systems. DNA methylati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heller H,Kämmer C,Wilgenbus P,Doerfler W

更新日期：1995-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In multiple binding of ligands to a protein, the binding sites may seem to behave as if they are partitioned equally between two modalities. This paper analyzes three different molecular situations in which two actual assemblages appear: (i) two classes of sites exist at the outset in the ligand-free macromolecule; (i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klotz IM,Hunston DL

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage T7 encodes an essential inhibitor of the Escherichia coli host RNA polymerase (RNAP), the product of gene 2 (Gp2). We determined a series of X-ray crystal structures of E. coli RNAP holoenzyme with or without Gp2. The results define the structure and location of the RNAP σ(70) subunit domain 1.1(σ(1.1)(7...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bae B,Davis E,Brown D,Campbell EA,Wigneshweraraj S,Darst SA

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In earlier papers L.W. introduced two sequences of higher-rank zeta functions associated to a smooth projective curve over a finite field, both of them generalizing the Artin zeta function of the curve. One of these zeta functions is defined geometrically in terms of semistable vector bundles of rank n over the curve ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weng L,Zagier D

更新日期：2020-03-24 00:00:00