Archaeological and chemical evidence for early salt production in China.

abstract：:Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 is one of the major pancreatic antigens targeted by self-reactive T cells in type I diabetes mellitus. T cells specific for GAD65 are among the first to enter inflamed islets and may be important for the initiation of autoimmune diabetes. However, we previously reported that nonobe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim SK,Tarbell KV,Sanna M,Vadeboncoeur M,Warganich T,Lee M,Davis M,McDevitt HO

更新日期：2004-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Array technologies have made it straightforward to monitor simultaneously the expression pattern of thousands of genes. The challenge now is to interpret such massive data sets. The first step is to extract the fundamental patterns of gene expression inherent in the data. This paper describes the application of self-o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamayo P,Slonim D,Mesirov J,Zhu Q,Kitareewan S,Dmitrovsky E,Lander ES,Golub TR

更新日期：1999-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We used a modified subtractive suppression hybridization to identify cellular genes that show altered expression in Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Comparison of the gene expression patterns of an EBV-negative clone of the originally EBV-positive BL line Akata, with its Neo(R)-EBV ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiss C,Nishikawa J,Takada K,Trivedi P,Klein G,Szekely L

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticosteroid hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, hydromineral balance, and the stress response in vertebrates. Although corticosteroid hormones have been well characterized in most vertebrate groups, the identity of the earliest vertebrate corticosteroid hormone has remained elusive. Here we provide ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Close DA,Yun SS,McCormick SD,Wildbill AJ,Li W

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can cause infected red blood cells (iRBC) to form rosettes with uninfected RBC, a phenotype associated with severe malaria. Rosetting is mediated by a subset of the Plasmodium falciparum membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant adhesins expressed on the infected host-cell su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Juillerat A,Lewit-Bentley A,Guillotte M,Gangnard S,Hessel A,Baron B,Vigan-Womas I,England P,Mercereau-Puijalon O,Bentley GA

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:mRNA localization is a complex pathway. Besides mRNA sorting per se, this process includes aspects of regulated translation. It requires protein factors that interact with defined sequences (or sequence motifs) of the transcript, and the protein/RNA complexes are finally guided along the cytoskeleton to their ultimate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mohr E,Prakash N,Vieluf K,Fuhrmann C,Buck F,Richter D

更新日期：2001-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The gaseous phytohormone ethylene C(2)H(4) mediates numerous aspects of growth and development. Genetic analysis has identified a number of critical elements in ethylene signaling, but how these elements interact biochemically to transduce the signal from the ethylene receptor complex at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ju C,Yoon GM,Shemansky JM,Lin DY,Ying ZI,Chang J,Garrett WM,Kessenbrock M,Groth G,Tucker ML,Cooper B,Kieber JJ,Chang C

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular potassium concentration is actively maintained within narrow limits in all higher organisms. Slight variations in extracellular potassium levels can induce major alterations of essential physiological functions in excitable tissues. Here we describe that superfusion of cultured rat hippocampal neurones w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pardo LA,Heinemann SH,Terlau H,Ludewig U,Lorra C,Pongs O,Stühmer W

更新日期：1992-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most intractable of human cancers, principally because of the highly infiltrative nature of these neoplasms. Tracking and eradicating infiltrating GBM cells and tumor microsatellites is of utmost importance for the treatment of this devastating disease, yet effective strateg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang X,Fitch S,Wang C,Wilson C,Li J,Grant GA,Yang F

更新日期：2016-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A combined population genetic and reproductive analysis was undertaken to compare free-ranging cheetahs from east Africa (Acinonyx jubatus raineyi) with the genetically impoverished and reproductively impaired south African subspecies (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus). Like that of their south African counterparts, the quali...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Brien SJ,Wildt DE,Bush M,Caro TM,FitzGibbon C,Aggundey I,Leakey RE

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria forms a robust permeability barrier that blocks entry of toxins and antibiotics. Most OM proteins (OMPs) assume a β-barrel fold, and some form aqueous channels for nutrient uptake and efflux of intracellular toxins. The Bam machine catalyzes rapid folding and assembly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Konovalova A,Grabowicz M,Balibar CJ,Malinverni JC,Painter RE,Riley D,Mann PA,Wang H,Garlisi CG,Sherborne B,Rigel NW,Ricci DP,Black TA,Roemer T,Silhavy TJ,Walker SS

更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the tumor-inducing Ti plasmid incites crown gall tumor on dicotyledonous species. Upon infection of these plants, Ti plasmid DNA sequence is stably transferred (T-DNA) by unknown mechanisms to plant cells to be integrated into nuclear DNA. The T-DNA processing and transfer require t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Usami S,Okamoto S,Takebe I,Machida Y

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(2+) influx triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Here we demonstrate a role of Ras-related in brain 3 (Rab3)-interacting molecules 2α and β (RIM2α and RIM2β) in clustering voltage-gated CaV1.3 Ca(2+) channels at the AZs of sensory inner hair cells (IHCs). We show that IHCs of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jung S,Oshima-Takago T,Chakrabarti R,Wong AB,Jing Z,Yamanbaeva G,Picher MM,Wojcik SM,Göttfert F,Predoehl F,Michel K,Hell SW,Schoch S,Strenzke N,Wichmann C,Moser T

更新日期：2015-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The 93-residue transmembrane protein CrgA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a central component of the divisome, a large macromolecular machine responsible for cell division. Through interactions with multiple other components including FtsZ, FtsQ, FtsI (PBPB), PBPA, and CwsA, CrgA facilitates the recruitment of the pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Das N,Dai J,Hung I,Rajagopalan MR,Zhou HX,Cross TA

更新日期：2015-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Complementation of the plasmin fragments of reduced-carbamoylmethylated (Cam) human somatotropin (hGH) with those of reduced-carbamoylmethylated human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) have been investigated. It was found that the recombinant obtained by noncovalent interaction of [Cys(Cam)53]hGH-(1-134) with [Cys(Cam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li CH

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Absorbance changes in untreated intact leaf discs, produced upon excitation with high-intensity red light, were shown to be due to the photooxidation of cytochrome b-559. At low intensities (<100 W/m2), photooxidation was almost undetectable. Photooxidation occurred with a half-time of 4.3 sec and an extent of 0.64 mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canaani O,Havaux M

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Down-regulation of mitogenic signaling in mammalian cells relies in part on endosomal trafficking of activated receptors into lysosomes, where the receptors are degraded. These events are mediated by ubiquitination of the endosomal cargo and its consequent sorting into multivesicular bodies that form at the surfaces o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu Q,Hope LW,Brasch M,Reinhard C,Cohen SN

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrosis is caused by scar tissue formation in internal organs and is associated with 45% of deaths in the United States. Two closely related human serum proteins, serum amyloid P (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP), strongly affect fibrosis. In multiple animal models, and in Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, SAP af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox N,Pilling D,Gomer RH

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligand family are known to play important roles in wound healing and fibrotic disease. We show that both transient and stable expression of PDGF-C results in the development of liver fibrosis consisting of the deposition of collagen in a pericellular and perivenular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Campbell JS,Hughes SD,Gilbertson DG,Palmer TE,Holdren MS,Haran AC,Odell MM,Bauer RL,Ren HP,Haugen HS,Yeh MM,Fausto N

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A full-length cDNA for tryptophan hydroxylase was cloned from rabbit pineal body by screening an expression library with antibody against rat phenylalanine hydroxylase, which crossreacts with rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase. Clones producing immunoreactive material contain sequences homologous to, yet distinct from, phe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grenett HE,Ledley FD,Reed LL,Woo SL

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxins are small multifunctional redox active proteins widely if not universally distributed among living organisms. In chloroplasts, two types of thioredoxins (f and m) coexist and play central roles in regulating enzyme activity. Reduction of thioredoxins in chloroplasts is catalyzed by an iron-sulfur disulfid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balmer Y,Koller A,del Val G,Manieri W,Schürmann P,Buchanan BB

更新日期：2003-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Like many physiological ligands, several viruses and toxins enter mammalian cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once internalized, the nucleic acids of several viruses and the toxic subunit of diphtheria toxin gain access to the cytosol of the host cell through an acidic intracellular compartment. In this rep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merion M,Schlesinger P,Brooks RM,Moehring JM,Moehring TJ,Sly WS

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter specifically precipitated four proteins from normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells: a major protein of Mr 41,000 and minor proteins of Mr 68,000, 73,000, and 82,000. The Mr 41,000 and 82,000 proteins were found only in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Salter DW,Baldwin SA,Lienhard GE,Weber MJ

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells are exposed to changes in extracellular stimulus concentration that vary as a function of rate. However, how cells integrate information conveyed from stimulation rate along with concentration remains poorly understood. Here, we examined how varying the rate of stress application alters budding yeast mitogen-act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson AN,Li G,Jashnsaz H,Thiemicke A,Kesler BK,Rogers DC,Neuert G

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by loss of the protein dystrophin. In humans, DMD has early onset, causes developmental delays, muscle necrosis, loss of ambulation, and death. Current animal models have been challenged by their inability to model the early onset and severity of the disea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hughes KJ,Rodriguez A,Flatt KM,Ray S,Schuler A,Rodemoyer B,Veerappan V,Cuciarone K,Kullman A,Lim C,Gutta N,Vemuri S,Andriulis V,Niswonger D,Barickman L,Stein W,Singhvi A,Schroeder NE,Vidal-Gadea AG

更新日期：2019-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) by growing bacteria is an integral part of forming biofilm-like structures. In such dense systems, mechanical interactions among the structural components can be expected to significantly contribute to morphological properties. Here, we use a particle-based modeli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ghosh P,Mondal J,Ben-Jacob E,Levine H

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the presence of protein kinase C (PKC) in ejaculated human sperm as revealed by enzymatic activity assay and indirect immunohistochemistry. PKC is localized in the equatorial segment and in the principal piece of the tail. Addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in increased flagellar motility t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rotem R,Paz GF,Homonnai ZT,Kalina M,Naor Z

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that lymphoblasts alloactivated in vitro acquire the capacity of stimulating the autologous mixed lymphocyte response. This response is anti-idiotypic in nature because lymphocytes so primed display accelerated memory responses only when restimulated by autologous lymphoblasts that have been a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Reed E,Rohowsky C,Kung P,King DW

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A phylogeny of marine Rhodophyta has been inferred by a number of methods from nucleotide sequences of nuclear genes encoding small subunit rRNA from 39 species in 15 orders. Sequence divergences are relatively large, especially among bangiophytes and even among congeners in this group. Subclass Bangiophycidae appears...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ragan MA,Bird CJ,Rice EL,Gutell RR,Murphy CA,Singh RK

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently determined that high calcium concentrations, in parallel with their suppressive effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, reversibly and specifically decrease preproPTH mRNA in cultured bovine parathyroid cells. In order to determine whether vitamin D metabolites also regulate the content of pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silver J,Russell J,Sherwood LM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00