Niche adaptation limits bacteriophage predation of Vibrio cholerae in a nutrient-poor aquatic environment.

abstract：:Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spera JM,Ugalde JE,Mucci J,Comerci DJ,Ugalde RA

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional activator proteins in bacteria often operate by interaction with the C-terminal domain of the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP). Here we report the discovery of an "anti-alpha" factor Spx in Bacillus subtilis that blocks transcriptional activation by binding to the alpha-C-terminal domain, thereby...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakano S,Nakano MM,Zhang Y,Leelakriangsak M,Zuber P

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila, P-element transposition causes mutagenesis and genome instability during hybrid dysgenesis. The P-element 31-bp terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) contain sequences essential for transposase cleavage and have been implicated in DNA repair via protein-DNA interactions with cellular proteins. The identity a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Francis MJ,Roche S,Cho MJ,Beall E,Min B,Panganiban RP,Rio DC

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of the nervous system in the amphibian embryo is initiated during gastrulation by an inductive interaction between chordamesoderm and dorsal ectoderm. The induced ectoderm forms the neural plate while uninduced ectoderm generates epidermis. We screened for genes activated during gastrulation and expressed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richter K,Grunz H,Dawid IB

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanisms by which transcription is selectively activated and precisely controlled by signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) factors represent a central issue in cytokine-mediated cellular responses. Stat6 mediates responses to IL-4 and antagonizes Stat1 activated by IFN-gamma. We have ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goenka S,Boothby M

更新日期：2006-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycogenin initiates the synthesis of a maltosaccharide chain covalently attached to itself on Tyr195 via a stepwise glucosylation reaction, priming glycogen synthesis. We have captured crystallographic snapshots of human glycogenin during its reaction cycle, revealing a dynamic conformational switch between ground an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chaikuad A,Froese DS,Berridge G,von Delft F,Oppermann U,Yue WW

更新日期：2011-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In the growth plate of endochondral bones, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) regulates the rate of chondrocyte maturation from prehypertrophic chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Using an antibody specific for Sox9 phosphorylated at serine 181 (S(181)), one of the two consensus protein kinase A ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang W,Chung UI,Kronenberg HM,de Crombrugghe B

更新日期：2001-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule formation from lamb brain tubulin isolated by affinity chromatography and freed of exchangeable nucleotide requires GTP for maximal rate and extent of polymerization. The nucleotide analogs guanylylmethylenediphosphate and guanylylimidodiphosphate fail to replace GTP; in addition, neither the presence of m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maccioni R,Seeds NW

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate hematopoietic stem cells are derived from vental mesoderm, which is postulated to migrate to both extra- and intraembryonic positions during gastrula and neurula stages. Extraembryonic migration has previously been documented, but the origin and migration of intraembryonic hematopoietic cells have not been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Detrich HW 3rd,Kieran MW,Chan FY,Barone LM,Yee K,Rundstadler JA,Pratt S,Ransom D,Zon LI

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Redistribution of specialized molecules in migrating cells develops asymmetry between two opposite cell poles, the leading edge and the uropod. We show that acquisition of a motile phenotype in T lymphocytes results in the asymmetric redistribution of ganglioside GM3- and GM1-enriched raft domains to the leading edge ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gómez-Móuton C,Abad JL,Mira E,Lacalle RA,Gallardo E,Jiménez-Baranda S,Illa I,Bernad A,Mañes S,Martínez-A C

更新日期：2001-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Children who are treated for congenital cataracts later exhibit impairments in configural face analysis. This has been explained in terms of a critical period for the acquisition of normal face processing. Here, we consider a more parsimonious account according to which deficits in configural analysis result from the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vogelsang L,Gilad-Gutnick S,Ehrenberg E,Yonas A,Diamond S,Held R,Sinha P

更新日期：2018-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), purified from medium conditioned by the BRL-3A rat liver cell line, previously has been shown to be closely related to the human somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors. A radioimmunoassay was utilized to measure MSA levels in sera from fetal, maternal, and young rats. A ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moses AC,Nissley SP,Short PA,Rechler MM,White RM,Knight AB,Higa OZ

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From endonuclease EcoRI partial libraries of DNAs from mouse embryo and MOPC 141, a gamma 2b-producing myeloma, clones were isolated by using a DNA fragment carrying the gamma 2b constant (C) region gene as a hybridization probe. One clone from MOPC 141 contained a heavy chain variable (V) gene and the C gamma 2b gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maki R,Traunecker A,Sakano H,Roeder W,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis during human development relies on the interplay between physiochemical cues that are mediated in part by cellular density and cytoskeletal tension. Here, we interrogated these factors on vascular lineage specification during human-induced pluripotent stem-cell (hiPSC) fate decision. We found that indepe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith Q,Rochman N,Carmo AM,Vig D,Chan XY,Sun S,Gerecht S

更新日期：2018-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The remarkable strength of glasses is examined using the random first order transition theory of the glass transition. The theory predicts that strength depends on elastic modulus but also on the configurational energy frozen in when the glass is prepared. The stress catalysis of cooperative rearrangements of the type...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wisitsorasak A,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids plays a key role in cellular regulation via the generation of intracellular second messengers. In addition, it represents a mechanism to regulate interactions of the lipid bilayer with proteins and protein scaffolds involved in vesicle budding, cytoskeletal organization, and s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo J,Wenk MR,Pellegrini L,Onofri F,Benfenati F,De Camilli P

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated developing plastids from greening cucumber cotyledons or from photoperiodically grown pea seedlings incorporated (14)C-labeled 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into chlorophyll (Chl). Incorporation was light dependent, enhanced by S-adenosylmethionine, and linear for 1 hr. The in vitro rate of Chl synthesis from A...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhaya D,Castelfranco PA

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that lymphoblasts alloactivated in vitro acquire the capacity of stimulating the autologous mixed lymphocyte response. This response is anti-idiotypic in nature because lymphocytes so primed display accelerated memory responses only when restimulated by autologous lymphoblasts that have been a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Reed E,Rohowsky C,Kung P,King DW

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tropical diversity has generally exceeded temperate diversity in the present and at points in the past, but whether measured differences have remained relatively constant through time has been unknown. Here we examine tropical vs. temperate diversities from the Neogene to Recent using the within-habitat diversity meas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buzas MA,Collins LS,Culver SJ

更新日期：2002-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of RNA silencing as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi was examined by testing the effect of dicer gene disruptions on mycovirus infection of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. C. parasitica dicer-like genes dcl-1 and dcl-2 were cloned and shown to share a high level of predicted amino ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Segers GC,Zhang X,Deng F,Sun Q,Nuss DL

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of the diverse fisheries of the world has had mixed success. While managing single species in data-rich environments has been largely effective, perhaps the greatest challenge facing fishery managers is how to deal with mixed stocks of fish with a range of life histories that reside in the same location. Be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hastings A,Gaines SD,Costello C

更新日期：2017-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:During the late summer to fall of 1987, Caribbean reef corals experienced an intense and widespread discoloration event described as bleaching. Contrary to initial predictions, most bleached corals did not die. However, energy input from zooxanthellae decreased, as estimated from: (i) delta(13)C values, a measure of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Porter JW,Fitt WK,Spero HJ,Rogers CS,White MW

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrosis is caused by scar tissue formation in internal organs and is associated with 45% of deaths in the United States. Two closely related human serum proteins, serum amyloid P (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP), strongly affect fibrosis. In multiple animal models, and in Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, SAP af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox N,Pilling D,Gomer RH

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arctic Ocean already experiences areas of low pH and high CO2, and it is expected to be most rapidly affected by future ocean acidification (OA). Copepods comprise the dominant Arctic zooplankton; hence, their responses to OA have important implications for Arctic ecosystems, yet there is little data on their curr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lewis CN,Brown KA,Edwards LA,Cooper G,Findlay HS

更新日期：2013-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the technique of DNA fingerprinting, we investigated the genetic structure within and among four wild-caught colonies (n = 50 individuals) of a eusocial mammal, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber; Rodentia: Bathyergidae). We found that DNA fingerprints of colony-mates were strikingly similar and that betw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeve HK,Westneat DF,Noon WA,Sherman PW,Aquadro CF

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Egg laying hormone, a peptide neurohormone with an approximate molecular weight of 6000, was isolated from the region of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia that contains the neuroendocrine bag cells and purified by gel filtration chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and dialysis. A 1-min local application of egg layin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Branton WD,Arch S,Smock T,Mayeri E

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and a form of programmed cell death called hypersensitive response (HR) are often associated with disease resistance of plants. We have previously shown that the Rac homolog of rice, OsRac1, is a regulator of ROI production and cell death in rice. Here we show that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ono E,Wong HL,Kawasaki T,Hasegawa M,Kodama O,Shimamoto K

更新日期：2001-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:By patch-clamp analysis, we have shown that chronic, intermittent mechanical strain (CMS) increases the activity of stretch-activated cation channels of osteoblast-like UMR-106.01 cells. CMS also produces a swelling-activated whole-cell conductance (Gm) regulated by varying strain levels. We questioned whether the swe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duncan RL,Kizer N,Barry EL,Friedman PA,Hruska KA

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In a subclone derived from mouse L(tk-) cells, we found a plasmid present in a high copy number (greater than 5000 copies per cell) that was stably maintained extrachromosomally without any cytopathic effect to the host cells. This plasmid, termed L factor, has two forms: 5.3 and 5.5 kilobase pairs. DNA sequencing and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kusano T,Uehara H,Saito H,Segawa K,Oishi M

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mach bands, the illusory brightness maxima and minima perceived at the initiation and termination of luminance gradients, respectively, are generally considered a direct perceptual manifestation of lateral inhibitory interactions among retinal or other lower order visual neurons. Here we examine an alternative explana...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lotto RB,Williams SM,Purves D

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00