Abstract:
:Microtubule formation from lamb brain tubulin isolated by affinity chromatography and freed of exchangeable nucleotide requires GTP for maximal rate and extent of polymerization. The nucleotide analogs guanylylmethylenediphosphate and guanylylimidodiphosphate fail to replace GTP; in addition, neither the presence of microtubule associated proteins nor 5 M glycerol relieves the GTP requirement. The relation of GTP concentration and microtubule formation shows an association constant K = 1 X 10(4) M-1; furthermore, GDP and guanylylimidodiphosphate are competitive inhibitors of GTP for polymerization. Using a rapid filter assay for microtubule formation that allows the quantitative analysis of early polymerization kinetics and correcting for GTP hydrolysis uncoupled from tubulin polymerization, a stoichiometry of two molecules of GTP hydrolyzed per mole of tubulin dimer incorporated into microtubules has been found.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Maccioni R,Seeds NWdoi
10.1073/pnas.74.2.462subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-02-01 00:00:00pages
462-6issue
2eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::c-Mpl, a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family, is the receptor for thrombopoietin. To investigate signal transduction by c-Mpl, a chimeric receptor, composed of the extracellular domain of human growth hormone receptor and the intracellular domain of c-Mpl, was introduced into the interleukin 3-depende...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5292
更新日期:1995-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Cavitation, known as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquids are under tension, is of great interest both in condensed matter science as well as in diverse applications such as botany, hydraulic engineering, and medicine. Although widely studied in bulk and microscale-confined liquids, cavitation in the nanoscale ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1014075109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::The CH family of murine B-cell lymphomas includes several members that are sensitive to growth inhibition when their membrane IgM (mIgM) receptors are cross-linked by anti-mu chain, anti-kappa chain, or anti-idiotypic antibodies. These lymphomas are IgM+, Ia+, and IgD +/- and resemble neonatal B cells in terms of thei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.18.6919
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the role of the immune system in limiting HIV type 1 replication, it is critical to know to what extent the rapid turnover of productively infected cells is caused by viral cytopathicity or by immune-mediated lysis. We show that uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of many patients contain cytot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15323
更新日期:1996-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Na+ channels in chick brain and heart have been directly compared by measuring binding of tritium-labeled saxitoxin ([3H]STX) to the two tissues under identical conditions. Maximum saturable uptake and toxin affinity were considerably less in chick heart than in chick brain, requiring the development of an assay metho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.4.1106
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insight regarding how diverse enzymatic functions and reactions have evolved from ancestral scaffolds is fundamental to understanding chemical and evolutionary biology, and for the exploitation of enzymes for biotechnology. We undertook an extensive computational analysis using a unique and comprehensive combination o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1706849114
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Organic reaction networks are formalized by representing chemical species as points in a space and representing reactions by connectivity rules. Using the generalized network, the behavior of the system is investigated under conditions of electronically exciting input and output to a thermal reservoir. Under steady-st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2335
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test directly whether fibrin(ogen) is a key binding site for apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] in vessel walls, apo(a) transgenic mice and fibrinogen knockout mice were crossed to generate fibrin(ogen)-deficient apo(a) transgenic mice and control mice. In the vessel wall of apo(a) transgenic mice, fibrin(ogen) deposition ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12591
更新日期:1998-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::We identified previously in vitro LRP4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4) as a facilitator of the WNT (Wingless-type) antagonist sclerostin and found mutations disrupting this function to be associated with high bone mass in humans similar to patients lacking sclerostin. To further delineate the role...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413828111
更新日期:2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::The thymus provides multiple microenvironments that are essential for the development and repertoire selection of T lymphocytes. The thymic cortex induces the generation and positive selection of T lymphocytes, whereas the thymic medulla establishes self-tolerance among the positively selected T lymphocytes. Cortical ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301799110
更新日期:2013-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The major Hsp70 of the mitochondrial matrix (Ssc1 in yeast) is critically important for the translocation of proteins from the cytosol, across the mitochondrial inner membrane, and into the matrix. Tim44, a peripheral inner membrane protein with limited sequence similarity to the J domain of J-type cochaperones, tethe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1936150100
更新日期:2003-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like mater...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815342116
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Natural exposure to prion disease is likely to occur throughout successive challenges, yet most experiments focus on single large doses of infectious material. We analyze the results from an experiment in which rodents were exposed to multiple doses of feed contaminated with the scrapie agent. We formally define hypot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1833677100
更新日期:2003-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of benzodiazepine receptors have been demonstrated in mammalian tissues, one which is localized on neuronal elements in brain and the other, on glial cells and in peripheral tissues such as kidney. In vivo administration of 3H-labeled PK 11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline car...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.3.891
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans shows a significant lag in growth when diluted into fresh minimal medium. This lag is abolished by the addition of conditioned medium from a high-density culture. The active component of conditioned medium is tyrosol, which is released into the medium continuously during grow...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401416101
更新日期:2004-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Entorhinal grid cells integrate sensory and self-motion inputs to provide a spatial metric of a characteristic scale. One function of this metric may be to help localize the firing fields of hippocampal place cells during formation and use of the hippocampal spatial representation ("cognitive map"). Of theoretical imp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1811867116
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Because mouse models play a crucial role in biomedical research related to the human nervous system, understanding the similarities and differences between mouse and human brain is of fundamental importance. Studies comparing transcription in human and mouse have come to varied conclusions, in part because of their re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914257107
更新日期:2010-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic retroviruses have evolved multiple means for evading host restriction factors such as apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC3) proteins. Here, we show that murine leukemia virus (MLV) has a unique means of counteracting APOBEC3 and other cytosolic sensors of viral nucleic acid. Using virus isolated from i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1217399110
更新日期:2013-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::For brain functions such as working memory and motor planning, neuronal circuits are able to sustain persistent activity after transient inputs. Theoretical studies have suggested that persistent activity can exist in recurrently connected networks as active reverberation. However, the actual cellular processes underl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500717102
更新日期:2005-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::A 23-kilobase-pair segment of DNA containing the entire mouse serum albumin gene as well as 2.2 kilobase pairs of 5' and 4.3 kilobase pairs of 3' flanking sequences has been introduced into pSV2dhfr, a plasmid in which expression of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase cDNA is under the control of simian virus 40 sequenc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.3.765
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is eventual loss of synapses in both AD and animal models of AD, deficits in spatial memory and inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) precede morphological alterations in the models, suggesting earli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.172504199
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests cancer cells exhibit a dependency on metabolic pathways regulated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Nevertheless, how the regulation of this metabolic cofactor interfaces with signal transduction networks remains poorly understood in glioblastoma. Here, we report nicotinamide ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1610921114
更新日期:2016-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The RuvB protein is induced in Escherichia coli as part of the SOS response to DNA damage. It is required for genetic recombination and the postreplication repair of DNA. In vitro, the RuvB protein promotes the branch migration of Holliday junctions and has a DNA helicase activity in reactions that require ATP hydroly...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7618
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid polymorphism gives rise to different strains of amyloids with distinct toxicities and pathology-spreading properties. Validating this hypothesis is challenging due to a lack of tools and methods that allow for the direct characterization of amyloid polymorphism in hydrated and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1916176117
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that coexists with acetylcholine in spinal cord motoneurons. The effects of CGRP on the functional properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) were examined by electrophysiological methods. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and a mouse c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5728
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein S (ProS) and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) bind to phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and induce efferocytosis upon binding TAM-family receptors (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer). Here, we produced mouse ProS, Gas6, and TAM-receptor extracellular region fused to IgG fragment crystallizable region in HEK293T cells. ProS and Gas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705365114
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) offers the only method capable of modulating specific protein activities in localized regions and at particular times. Here, we generalize CALI so that it can be applied to a wider range of tasks. Specifically, we show that CALI can work with a genetically inserted epitop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.8.4293
更新日期:1998-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic sleep deprivation perturbs the circadian clock and increases susceptibility to diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Increased inflammation is one of the common underlying mechanisms of these diseases, thus raising a hypothesis that circadian-oscillator components may regulate immune response. Here w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209965109
更新日期:2012-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Memory CD8 T cells provide durable protection against diverse intracellular pathogens and can be broadly segregated into distinct circulating and tissue-resident populations. Paradigmatic studies have demonstrated that circulating memory cells can be further divided into effector memory (Tem) and central memory (Tcm) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2008571117
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::The structures of the major folding intermediate, the transition state for folding, and the folded state of barnase have been previously characterized. We now add a further step toward a complete picture of the folding of barnase by reporting the backbone 15N, 13C, and 1H NMR assignments for barnase unfolded at pH 1.8...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9412
更新日期:1994-09-27 00:00:00