Abstract：
:Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like material, which may account for the cytoskeleton, polar cell-cell adhesion, or the extracellular matrix in animals and for the cell wall in plants. We considered the synthesis and remodeling of this material, as well as the modulation of synthesis by isotropic and anisotropic response to mechanical stress. Formally, our model describes an expanding, mechanoresponsive, nematic, and active fluid. We show that mechanical responses buffer localized perturbations, with two possible regimes-hyporesponsive and hyperresponsive-and the transition between the two corresponds to a minimum value of the relaxation time. Whereas robustness of shapes suggests that growth fluctuations are confined to small scales, our model yields growth fluctuations that have long-range correlations. This indicates that growth fluctuations are a significant source of heterogeneity in development. Nevertheless, we find that mechanical responses may dampen such fluctuations, with a specific magnitude of anisotropic response that minimizes heterogeneity of tissue contours. We finally discuss how our predictions might apply to the development of plants and animals. Altogether, our results call for the systematic quantification of fluctuations in growing tissues.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Fruleux A,Boudaoud Adoi
10.1073/pnas.1815342116subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-05 00:00:00pages
1940-1945issue
6eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1815342116journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have detected a proteolytic mechanism in chloroplasts that selectively and rapidly degrades the imported small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase when pools of the chloroplast-synthesized large subunit are depleted. This degradation system is constitutively present and appears to be responsible for pr...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.80.9.2632
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fast neurotransmission requires that docked synaptic vesicles be located near the presynaptic N-type or P/Q-type calcium channels. Specific protein-protein interactions between a synaptic protein interaction (synprint) site on N-type and P/Q-type channels and the presynaptic SNARE proteins syntaxin, SNAP-25, and synap...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.94.26.14782
更新日期：1997-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used the newly engineered transposable element Dsg to tag a gene that gives rise to a defective kernel (dek) phenotype. Dsg requires the autonomous element Ac for transposition. Upon excision, it leaves a short DNA footprint that can create in-frame and frameshift insertions in coding sequences. Therefore, we ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1703498114
更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic pheomelanins from enzymic oxidation of the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) derivative 5-S-cysteinyldopa have been examined by ESR spectroscopy. These alkalisoluble polymers contain a novel kind of free radical that is spectroscopically distinct from that found in eumelanins. Delocalization of the unpaired ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.79.9.2885
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unqualified, the statement that approximately 1.3% of the approximately 10,000 presently known bird species have become extinct since A.D. 1500 yields an estimate of approximately 26 extinctions per million species per year (or 26 E/MSY). This is higher than the benchmark rate of approximately 1 E/MSY before human imp...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0604181103
更新日期：2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In a passive dendritic tree, inhibitory synaptic inputs activating ionic conductances with an equilibrium potential near the resting potential can effectively veto excitatory inputs. Analog interactions of this type can be very powerful if the inputs are appropriately timed and occur at certain locations. We examine w...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.80.9.2799
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans and other primates are distinct among placental mammals in having exceptionally slow rates of growth, reproduction, and aging. Primates' slow life history schedules are generally thought to reflect an evolved strategy of allocating energy away from growth and reproduction and toward somatic investment, particul...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1316940111
更新日期：2014-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell cycle checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved surveillance systems that protect genomic stability and prevent oncogenesis in mammals. One important target of checkpoint control is ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP and DNA synthesis. In both yeast and humans, RNR is tr...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.062502299
更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence would have been a primary determinant of peptide structure and activity in an origins-of-life scenario. It is a commonly held hypothesis that ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1711631114
更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Identifying the drivers and processes that determine globally the geographic range size of species is crucial to understanding the geographic distribution of biodiversity and further predicting the response of species to current global changes. However, these drivers and processes are still poorly understood, and no e...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1902484116
更新日期：2019-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal methyl donor of the cell, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), is produced by the highly conserved family of methionine adenosyltranferases (MATs) via an ATP-driven process. These enzymes play an important role in the preservation of life, and their dysregulation has been tightly linked to liver and colon cancer...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1510959113
更新日期：2016-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The activated human Ha-ras oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the murine whey acidic protein (Wap) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The Wap-ras gene was stably introduced into the mouse germ line of five transgenic mice (one male and ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.84.5.1299
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Real-time visualization of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes in mammalian Purkinje cells in vitro, utilizing the dye Fura-2, indicates that calcium action potentials are generated in the dendritic tree and follow a particular activation sequence. During spontaneous oscillations or after direct curr...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.87.13.5084
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations affecting mismatch repair result in elevated frequencies of microsatellite length alteration in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the finding that microsatellite instability is found often in cells with a functional mismatch repair system prompted a search for other factors of tract alteration. In the pre...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.95.17.10003
更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) plays an important role in energy metabolism in brain and muscle. Expression of CK isoenzymes is regulated during development and is tissue specific. To define the structures of canine CK isoenzymes and to elucidate the mechanism of regulation in their expression, CK cDNA clones from d...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.82.24.8394
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A specific antibody against proinsulin has been obtained by adsorbing the original anti-proinsulin guinea pig serum with a solid immunosorbent of Sephadex-insulin. The specificity of the antibody against antigenic determinants of proinsulin was established by radioimmunoassay and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.62.2.415
更新日期：1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaerobic beta-galactoside transport in whole cells and membrane vesicles from E. coli ML 308-225 is coupled to the oxidation of alpha-glycerol-P or D-lactate with fumarate as an electron acceptor. Alternatively, anaerobic beta-galactoside transport may be coupled to the oxidation of formate utilizing nitrate as elect...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.70.12.3376
更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4E plays a central role in the recognition of the 7-methylguanosine-containing cap structure of mRNA and the formation of initiation complexes during protein synthesis. eIF-4E exists in both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms, and the primary site of phosphorylation...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.91.16.7668
更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated the phosphorylation of a 28-kDa protein (p28) in the ME-180 line of human cervical carcinoma cells. The effect of TNF-alpha on the phosphorylation state of p28 was rapid (4-fold increase within 15 min) and persistent, remaining above the basal level for at least 2 hr....
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.86.21.8417
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intermolecular energy transfer between appropriately chosen pairs of dyes can be used to induce or enhance banding patterns in human metaphase chromosomes. Energy transfer, calibrated by fluorometric studies on soluble dye.DNA complexes, can also be detected by photometric measurements on cytological preparations of m...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.75.11.5650
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the expression of Hox genes have been widely linked to the evolution of animal body plans, but functional demonstrations of this relationship have been impeded by the lack of suitable model organisms. A classic case study involves the repeated evolution of specialized feeding appendages, called maxillipeds,...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0902804106
更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The conversion of light energy into ion gradients across biological membranes is one of the most fundamental reactions in primary biological energy transduction. Recently, the structure of the first light-activated Na+ pump, Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2), was resolved at atomic resolution [Kato HE, et al. (...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1703625114
更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:In translation, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) molecules deliver aminoacyl-tRNAs to the mRNA-programmed ribosome. The GTPase activity of EF-Tu is triggered by ribosome-induced conformational changes of the factor that play a pivotal role in the selection of the cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs. We present a 6.7-A cryo-electron m...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0811370106
更新日期：2009-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Arabinose-binding protein, maltose-binding protein, and lambda receptor are synthesized in vitro on membrane-bound polysomes from Escherichia coli. All three proteins are exported from the cytoplasm of E. coli and all three are made in vitro in a form a few thousand daltons larger than the authentic protein. The large...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.75.3.1209
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-free extracts of nifF and nifJ mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae are unable to couple acetylene reduction (N2 fixation) by nitrogenase to the oxidation of organic metabolites. However, nifF and nifJ mutants can complement each other in vitro to establish the coupling. This indicates that the products of the nifF a...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.77.5.2555
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of quiescent cultures of mouse embryo-derived AKR-2B cells with transforming growth factor beta resulted in an early induction of c-sis mRNA. The increase in c-sis mRNA was followed by a corresponding increase in protein similar to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the culture medium. In addition, PDG...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.83.8.2453
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The caspases are cysteine proteases that have been implicated in the execution of programmed cell death in organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. Many members of the Bcl-2 family, including Bcl-XL, are potent inhibitors of programmed cell death and inhibit activation of caspases in cells. Here, we report a direct...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.95.2.554
更新日期：1998-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans speak, monkeys grunt, and ducks quack. How do we come to know which vocalizations animals produce? Here we explore this question by asking whether young infants expect humans, but not other animals, to produce speech, and further, whether infants have similarly restricted expectations about the sources of vocal...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0906049106
更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate replication in the presence of DNA damage is essential to genome stability and viability in all cells. In Escherichia coli, DNA replication forks blocked by UV-induced damage undergo a partial resection and RecF-catalyzed regression before synthesis resumes. These processing events generate distinct structura...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1300624110
更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:In all but the poorest countries of South Asia and Africa, the supply and quality of food will rise to meet the demand. Biotechnology, accelerated by genomics, will create wealth for both producers and consumers by reducing the cost and increasing the quality of food. Famine and malnutrition in the poorest countries m...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.95.5.1986
更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00
