Evolutionary and molecular foundations of multiple contemporary functions of the nitroreductase superfamily.

abstract：:The tissue-specific pattern of mRNA expression can indicate important clues about gene function. High-density oligonucleotide arrays offer the opportunity to examine patterns of gene expression on a genome scale. Toward this end, we have designed custom arrays that interrogate the expression of the vast majority of pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Su AI,Wiltshire T,Batalov S,Lapp H,Ching KA,Block D,Zhang J,Soden R,Hayakawa M,Kreiman G,Cooke MP,Walker JR,Hogenesch JB

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A serpin was identified in normal mammary gland by differential cDNA sequencing. In situ hybridization has detected this serpin exclusively in the myoepithelial cells on the normal and noninvasive mammary epithelial side of the basement membrane and thus was named myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (MEP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiao G,Liu YE,Gentz R,Sang QA,Ni J,Goldberg ID,Shi YE

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Formulas are derived for the effect of size on a free-swimming microbe's ability to follow chemical, light, or temperature stimuli or to disperse in random directions. The four main assumptions are as follows: (i) the organisms can be modeled as spheres, (ii) the power available to the organism for swimming is proport...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dusenbery DB

更新日期：1997-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual deficits caused by abnormal visual experience during development are hard to recover in adult animals. Removal of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from the mature extracellular matrix with chondroitinase ABC promotes plasticity in the adult visual cortex. We tested whether chondroitinase ABC treatment of adult...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pizzorusso T,Medini P,Landi S,Baldini S,Berardi N,Maffei L

更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed three computer programs for comparisons of protein and DNA sequences. They can be used to search sequence data bases, evaluate similarity scores, and identify periodic structures based on local sequence similarity. The FASTA program is a more sensitive derivative of the FASTP program, which can be us...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pearson WR,Lipman DJ

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to identify sequences in a randomly encoded polypeptide library that are capable of acquiring unique and stably folded structures would be valuable in the examination of protein-folding issues. The quality control system of the yeast secretory pathway prevents the release of incompletely folded polypeptide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hagihara Y,Kim PS

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular diversity of ion channel structure and function underlies variability in electrical signaling in nerve, muscle, and nonexcitable cells. Regulation by variable auxiliary subunits is a major mechanism to generate tissue- or cell-specific diversity of ion channel function. Mammalian large-conductance, voltage- ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan J,Aldrich RW

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The core structures of many viruses move within cells by association with host cytoskeletal motor proteins; however, the mechanisms by which intracellular viral particles are transported toward sites of replication or the cell periphery at distinct stages of infection remain to be understood. The regulation of herpesv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith GA,Pomeranz L,Gross SP,Enquist LW

更新日期：2004-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We report light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance triplet spectra from samples of chloroplasts or digitonin photosystem I particles that depend upon the dark redox state of the bound acceptors of photosystem I. If the reaction centers are prepared in the redox state P-700 A X- FdB-FdA-, then upon illumination at...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frank HA,McLean MB,Sauer K

更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of [2-13C]acetate was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The fate of 13C label was analyzed in vivo and in cell extracts. During the first 4 hr of sporulation the major metabolite produced from [2-13C]acetate utilization was glutamate. From the labeling pattern...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dickinson JR,Dawes IW,Boyd AS,Baxter RL

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinase Cdc2p is a central regulator of entry into and progression through nuclear division during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. Cdc2p is activated at the onset of mitosis by dephosphorylation on tyrosine-15, the phosphorylation status of which is determined mainly by the kinase Wee1p and the phosphatase Cdc25...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murakami-Tonami Y,Yamada-Namikawa C,Tochigi A,Hasegawa N,Kojima H,Kunimatsu M,Nakanishi M,Murakami H

更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) promotes the acquisition of the cholinergic phenotype in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) during development and protects these neurons from cholinergic dedifferentiation following axotomy when administered in vivo. A decline in BFCN function occurs in patients with Alzhei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burke RM,Norman TA,Haydar TF,Slack BE,Leeman SE,Blusztajn JK,Mellott TJ

更新日期：2013-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse social conditions have been linked to a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) in circulating leukocytes that may contribute to social gradients in disease. However, the CNS mechanisms involved remain obscure, in part because CTRA gene-expression profiles often track external social-environment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mehl MR,Raison CL,Pace TWW,Arevalo JMG,Cole SW

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The cheA locus of Escherichia coli, which is required for chemotactic behavior, encodes two polypeptide products designated p[cheA]L and p[cheA]S. The mode of synthesis of these two proteins was investigated by transferring various missense and nonsense mutations to a lambda transducing phage and observing the mutant ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith RA,Parkinson JS

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated mutants of Escherichia coli formylmethionine initiator tRNA in which one, two, and all three G X C base pairs in the GGGCCC sequence in the anticodon stem are changed to those found in E. coli elongator methionine tRNA. Overproduction of the mutant tRNAs using M13 recombinants as an expression vector...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seong BL,RajBhandary UL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The delta-subspecies of protein kinase C (delta PKC) was purified to near homogeneity from the Triton X-100 extract of the rat brain particulate fraction by successive chromatographies on S-Sepharose fast flow, phenyl 5PW, heparin 5PW, hydroxyapatite, and Mono Q columns. The purified enzyme was a doublet with molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ogita K,Miyamoto S,Yamaguchi K,Koide H,Fujisawa N,Kikkawa U,Sahara S,Fukami Y,Nishizuka Y

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cDNA clones corresponding to the polypeptide that has been shown to be an endogenous diazepam binding inhibitor and may act as a physiological ligand for the benzodiazepine/beta-carboline receptor have been isolated from bacteriophage lambda recombinant libraries from rat hypothalamus, total brain, and liver. The clon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mocchetti I,Einstein R,Brosius J

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a machine-learning strategy for design of organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) for zeolite beta. We use machine learning to replace a computationally expensive molecular dynamics evaluation of the stabilization energy of the OSDA inside zeolite beta with a neural network prediction. We train the neural...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daeyaert F,Ye F,Deem MW

更新日期：2019-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The first essential step in protein photoreception is the capture and storage of energy from a photon. We have recently identified and isolated, from the purple photoautotrophic bacterium, Ectothiorhodospira halophila, a 13,000-dalton photoactive yellow protein (PYP) that has a photocycle with kinetics similar to sens...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McRee DE,Tainer JA,Meyer TE,Van Beeumen J,Cusanovich MA,Getzoff ED

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using tunicamycin, we have investigated the role of glycoproteins in membrane transport. Tunicamycin is a glucosamine-containing antibiotic that specifically inhibits dolichol pyrophosphate-mediated glycosylation of asparaginyl residues of glycoproteins. Inhibition of protein glycosylation in chick embryo fibroblasts ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olden K,Pratt RM,Jaworski C,Yamada KM

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have expressed the recombinant squid kinesin head domain in Escherichia coli and studied its interaction with microtubules. The head is active as a microtubule-stimulated ATPase and binds to microtubules, but it does not support microtubule gliding by itself. The head binds to both microtubules and depolymerized tu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song YH,Mandelkow E

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The HER2 gene encodes a cell-surface glycoprotein with extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Recently it was found to be amplified in about 30% of primary human breast malignancies. In experiments designed to assess the role of the HER2 gene in oncogenesis, we found that overexpression of unalter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hudziak RM,Schlessinger J,Ullrich A

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oriented assemblies of small crystals forming larger structures are common in nature and crucial for forthcoming technologies as they circumvent the difficulties of structural manipulation at microscopic scale. We have discovered two distinctive concentric assemblies of zinc oxide rods, wherein each rod has an intrins...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gautam UK,Imura M,Rout CS,Bando Y,Fang X,Dierre B,Sakharov L,Govindaraj A,Sekiguchi T,Golberg D,Rao CN

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase purified from rat brain cytosol undergoes an intramolecular self-phosphorylation or autophosphorylation. Autophosphorylation produces two strikingly different effects on kinase activity that are dependent on the level of ATP used in the reaction. At low but ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lou LL,Lloyd SJ,Schulman H

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a leading cause of corneal endothelial (CE) degeneration resulting in impaired visual acuity. It is a genetically complex and age-related disorder, with higher incidence in females. In this study, we established a nongenetic FECD animal model based on the physiologic outco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu C,Miyajima T,Melangath G,Miyai T,Vasanth S,Deshpande N,Kumar V,Ong Tone S,Gupta R,Zhu S,Vojnovic D,Chen Y,Rogan EG,Mondal B,Zahid M,Jurkunas UV

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct measurements of the intracellular level of lambda repressor have been made by a DNA-filter assay and a radioimmune assay. Transcription of cI, the structural gene for repressor, appears to initiate at two different promoters, prm and pre. Promoter pre is activated during the establishment of lysogeny by the act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reichardt L,Kaiser AD

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of estrogen-induced tumorigenesis in the target organ are not well understood. It has been suggested that oxidative stress resulting from metabolic activation of carcinogenic estrogens plays a critical role in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. We tested this hypothesis by using an estrogen-induced hamster re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhat HK,Calaf G,Hei TK,Loya T,Vadgama JV

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional lysosomes mediate autophagy and macropinocytosis for nutrient acquisition. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors exhibit high basal lysosomal activity, and inhibition of lysosome function suppresses PDAC cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, the codependencies induced by lysosomal inhibitio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Elliott IA,Dann AM,Xu S,Kim SS,Abt ER,Kim W,Poddar S,Moore A,Zhou L,Williams JL,Capri JR,Ghukasyan R,Matsumura C,Tucker DA,Armstrong WR,Cabebe AE,Wu N,Li L,Le TM,Radu CG,Donahue TR

更新日期：2019-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Some dinosaurs reached masses that were approximately 8 times those of the largest, ecologically equivalent terrestrial mammals. The factors most responsible for setting the maximal body size of vertebrates are resource quality and quantity, as modified by the mobility of the consumer, and the vertebrate's rate of ene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNab BK

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:ErbB3 (HER3) is a member of the EGF receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which, unlike the other three family members, contains a pseudo kinase in place of a tyrosine kinase domain. In cancer, ErbB3 activation is driven by a ligand-dependent mechanism through the formation of heterodimers with EGFR, Er...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee S,Greenlee EB,Amick JR,Ligon GF,Lillquist JS,Natoli EJ Jr,Hadari Y,Alvarado D,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2015-10-27 00:00:00