On the strength of glasses.

abstract：:A recent study showed that limited trypsin treatment of liposomes containing purified Electrophorus electricus sodium channels activates a sodium radiotracer flux. We now report that similarly treated sodium channels show voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-sensitive and highly sodium-selective single-channel currents when in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shenkel S,Cooper EC,James W,Agnew WS,Sigworth FJ

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression systems based on the Escherichia coli arabinose operon P(BAD) promoter exhibit the all-or-nothing (autocatalytic) induction of expression that was first documented in the lac operon. Under conditions of subsaturating levels of inducer, some of the cells of the population are fully induced, whereas other cel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan-Kiss RM,Wadler C,Cronan JE Jr

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have witnessed an increased public outcry in certain quarters about a perceived lack of attention given to successful members of disadvantaged groups relative to equally meritorious members of advantaged groups, exemplified by social media campaigns centered around hashtags, such as #OscarsSoWhite and #Wo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kteily NS,Rocklage MD,McClanahan K,Ho AK

更新日期：2019-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the critical issues regarding proteins with a four-helix bundle motif is which interactions play the major role in stabilizing this type of folded structure: the interaction among the four alpha-helices or the interaction between the loop and helix segments. To answer this question, an energetic analysis has be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chou KC,Maggiora GM,Scheraga HA

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of fluorescent probes to give continuous readouts of the structural states of mitochondrial membranes during energy coupling seems a logical extension of their use in the study of protein structural changes. A clear correlation of the probes' fluorescence characteristics with the acquisition of energy coupling...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chance B

更新日期：1970-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newly synthesized rat islet proteins have been analyzed by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and fluorography. A minor component having an apparent molecular weight of 11,100 was identified as preproinsulin by the sensitivity of its synthesis to glucose, the pattern of NH2-terminal leucine residues, and the rapi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patzelt C,Labrecque AD,Duguid JR,Carroll RJ,Keim PS,Heinrikson RL,Steiner DF

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mutation spectrum induced by the widely used antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) showed that cisDDP[d(ApG)] adducts, although they account for only 25% of the lesions formed, are approximately 5 times more mutagenic than the major GG adduct. We report the construction of vectors bearing a sin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burnouf D,Gauthier C,Chottard JC,Fuchs RP

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged incubation of NIH 3T3 cells under the growth constraint of confluence results in a persistent impairment of proliferation when the cells are subcultured at low density and a greatly increased probability of neoplastic transformation in assays for transformation. These properties, along with the large accumul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow M,Rubin H

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal rat kidney cells were nonproductively infected either with CP27, a mutant of Moloney sarcoma virus that is temperature-sensitive for maintenance of transformation, or with the parental wild-type virus. The nonproducer cells were inoculated into the tails of athymic nude mice that were subsequently incubated at ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klarlund JK,Forchhammer J

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat shock protein 90-alpha (Hsp90alpha) is an intracellular molecular chaperone. However, it can also be secreted with the underlying regulatory mechanism remaining far from clear. Here we show that the secreted Hsp90alpha is a C-terminal truncated form and its secretion is regulated by the C-terminal EEVD motif via ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Song X,Zhuo W,Fu Y,Shi H,Liang Y,Tong M,Chang G,Luo Y

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage 434 encodes a repressor that, like bacteriophage lambda repressor, both activates and represses transcription. As in the lambda chromosome, a region of the 434 chromosome, called the right operator, contains three repressor binding sites (OR1, OR2, and OR3) that mediate these effects on two adjacent prom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bushman FD,Ptashne M

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell clones nonproductively transformed by the replication-defective Abelson strain of murine leukemia virus (AbLV) were analyzed for type C viral antigen expression by competition immunoassay. AbLV-transformed mink non-producer lines were found to express a 110,000- to 130,000-molecular weight polyprotein containing ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds FH Jr,Sacks TL,Deobagkar DN,Stephenson JR

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:31P nuclear magnetic relaxation rates for phosphocreatine in intact frog gastrocnemius were compared with those observed in model solutions at 4 degrees, a temperature at which muscle maintains its physiological state for at least 5 hr. Both nuclear Overhauser effect and spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) experiments...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen SM,Burt CT

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate the application of molecular rotational spectroscopy to measure the conformation isomerization rate of vibrationally excited pent-1-en-4-yne (pentenyne). The rotational spectra of single quantum states of pentenyne are acquired by using a combination of IR-Fourier transform microwave double-resonance sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dian BC,Brown GG,Douglass KO,Rees FS,Johns JE,Nair P,Suenram RD,Pate BH

更新日期：2008-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Topographic sensory maps are a prominent feature of the adult primate brain. Here, we asked whether topographic representations of the body are present at birth. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we find that the newborn somatomotor system, spanning frontoparietal cortex and subcortex, comprises multiple topographic repres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arcaro MJ,Schade PF,Livingstone MS

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterotrimeric complex between integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH, and parvin is an essential signaling platform, serving as a convergence point for integrin and growth-factor signaling and regulating cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. We report a 1.6-A crystal structure of the ILK ankyrin repeat domain bou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chiswell BP,Zhang R,Murphy JW,Boggon TJ,Calderwood DA

更新日期：2008-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Tregs are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, and thus targeting these cells may aid in the treatment of autoimmunity and cancer by enhancing or reducing suppressive functions, respectively. Before these cells can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, it is necessary to understand how they maintain tolera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pabbisetty SK,Rabacal W,Volanakis EJ,Parekh VV,Olivares-Villagómez D,Cendron D,Boyd KL,Van Kaer L,Sebzda E

更新日期：2016-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery and to increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Anabaenolysins are lipopeptides produced by cyanobacteria with potent lytic activity in cholesterol-containing membranes. Here, we identified the 23- to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shishido TK,Jokela J,Kolehmainen CT,Fewer DP,Wahlsten M,Wang H,Rouhiainen L,Rizzi E,De Bellis G,Permi P,Sivonen K

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloquium talks at prestigious universities both create and reflect academic researchers' reputations. Gender disparities in colloquium talks can arise through a variety of mechanisms. The current study examines gender differences in colloquium speakers at 50 prestigious US colleges and universities in 2013-2014. Usi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nittrouer CL,Hebl MR,Ashburn-Nardo L,Trump-Steele RCE,Lane DM,Valian V

更新日期：2018-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemics, flame propagation, and cardiac rhythms are classic examples of reaction-diffusion waves that describe a switch from one alternative state to another. Only two types of waves are known: pulled, driven by the leading edge, and pushed, driven by the bulk of the wave. Here, we report a distinct class of semipus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Birzu G,Hallatschek O,Korolev KS

更新日期：2018-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The conformational change in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide from its monomeric form to aggregates is crucial in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the healthy brain, some unidentified chaperones appear to prevent the aggregation of Abeta. Here we reported that lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanekiyo T,Ban T,Aritake K,Huang ZL,Qu WM,Okazaki I,Mohri I,Murayama S,Ozono K,Taniike M,Goto Y,Urade Y

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase (steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) and 17,20 lyase activities in the synthesis of steroid hormones. It has been suggested that different P450c17 isozymes mediate these activities in the adrenal gland and testis. We sequenced 423 of the 509 am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung BC,Picado-Leonard J,Haniu M,Bienkowski M,Hall PF,Shively JE,Miller WL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reversible association of alpha and beta gamma subunits of GTP-binding proteins is important for signal transmission from a variety of cell-surface receptors to intracellular effectors. Previous work showed that 1,6-bis(maleimido)hexane, which crosslinks cysteine residues, crosslinks alpha o and alpha i-1 to beta ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas TC,Schmidt CJ,Neer EJ

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental loss of neurons in sympathetic, sensory, and some parasympathetic ganglia in familial dysautonomia suggests an inherited defect in the action of beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF). The role of this growth factor in dysautonomia has been difficult to resolve as there is no known source of authentic h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breakefield XO,Orloff G,Castiglione C,Coussens L,Axelrod FB,Ullrich A

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of 3T3/A31 cells to serum-free medium, one type of apoptotic stimulus, causes a rapid increase in the sphingosine (Sph) level, which initiates a series of processes: (i) activation of caspase 3 through an enhanced "cascade" of caspases, (ii) release of the C-terminal-half kinase domain of PKCdelta (PKCdelta K...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki E,Handa K,Toledo MS,Hakomori S

更新日期：2004-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:What are the neural bases of semantic memory? Traditional beliefs that the temporal lobes subserve the retrieval of semantic knowledge, arising from lesion studies, have been recently called into question by functional neuroimaging studies finding correlations between semantic retrieval and activity in left prefrontal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson-Schill SL,Swick D,Farah MJ,D'Esposito M,Kan IP,Knight RT

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian cells present a fingerprint of their proteome to the adaptive immune system through the display of endogenous peptides on MHC-I complexes. MHC-I-bound peptides originate from protein degradation by the proteasome, suggesting that stably folded, long-lived proteins could evade monitoring. Here, we investigate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trentini DB,Pecoraro M,Tiwary S,Cox J,Mann M,Hipp MS,Hartl FU

更新日期：2020-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A polypeptide was isolated from acid extracts of porcine hypothalami on the basis of its high ability to stimulate the release of corticotropin from superfused rat pituitary cells. After an initial separation by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, further purification was carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patthy M,Horvath J,Mason-Garcia M,Szoke B,Schlesinger DH,Schally AV

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A juvenile male zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, kept singly with its father develops a fairly complete imitation of the father's song. The imitation is less complete when other male siblings are present, possibly because as imitation commences, model abundance increases. Here we examine the consequences of allowing ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tchernichovski O,Lints T,Mitra PP,Nottebohm F

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Fertilization and certain later stages in mammalian embryonic development require fusion between membranes of individual cells. The mechanism of eukaryotic cell-cell fusion is unknown, and no surface molecules required for this process have been unequivocally identified. The role of the sperm surface protein fertilin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Myles DG,Kimmel LH,Blobel CP,White JM,Primakoff P

更新日期：1994-05-10 00:00:00