Abstract:
:Bacteriophage 434 encodes a repressor that, like bacteriophage lambda repressor, both activates and represses transcription. As in the lambda chromosome, a region of the 434 chromosome, called the right operator, contains three repressor binding sites (OR1, OR2, and OR3) that mediate these effects on two adjacent promoters. We now show that a part of the 434 repressor, the amino-terminal domain, activates leftward transcription when bound to OR2. We show that 434 repressor bound to OR2 closely approaches (touches) RNA polymerase bound to the leftward promoter. Model building based on ethylation interference and other experiments suggests that in three cases, those involving lambda repressor, 434 repressor, and bacteriophage P22 repressor, and in spite of differences in detailed arrangements, transcription is activated by a contact between the repressor and the same part of RNA polymerase.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bushman FD,Ptashne Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.83.24.9353subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-12-01 00:00:00pages
9353-7issue
24eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract::High molecular weight RNA (35S) isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus directs the cell-free synthesis of two prominent polypeptides of 180,000 and 76,000 molecular weight. The latter polypeptide has previously been identified as the precursor to the group-specific antigens of the virus ("gag" proteins) [Vogt, V. M....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.4951
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tubular membrane structures are widespread in eukaryotic cells, but the mechanisms underlying their formation and stability are not well understood. Previous work has focused on tube extrusion from cells and model membranes under the application of external forces. Here, we present novel membrane/polymer systems, wher...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1015892108
更新日期:2011-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::The genomes of hyperthermophilic Archaea encode dozens of methylation guide, C/D box small RNAs that guide 2'-O-methylation of ribose to specific sites in rRNA and various tRNAs. The genes encoding the Sulfolobus homologues of eukaryotic proteins that are known to be present in C/D box small nucleolar ribonucleoprotei...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.082101999
更新日期:2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells present an attractive strategy for developing new therapies, but progress in the field is limited by several issues: The quality of the EVs varies with the type and physiological status of the producer cells; protocols used to isolate the EVs are difficult to scale up; an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1522297113
更新日期:2016-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Extraction of thylakoid membranes with cholate in the presence of ammonium sulfate inactivated oxygen evolution and liberated a managanese-containing protein. This protein could be combined with preformed liposomes containing the depleted thylakoid membranes to restore 85% of the original oxygen-evolution activity. Th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.2.957
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model chemical network involving reactions and diffusion is studied. Spatially and temporally ordered solutions of the equations are found by bifurcation theory. These solutions are calculated analytically and their stability is studied. Properties of these dissipative structures are discussed, and a comparison with...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.7.2748
更新日期:1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is the only known enzyme that catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of proteins at the Ser or Thr side chain hydroxyl group. OGT participates in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and dysregulation of OGT has been implicated in diseases such as cancer. However, t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1323226111
更新日期:2014-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::Positional cloning has already produced the sequences of more than 70 human genes associated with specific diseases. In addition to their medical importance, these genes are of interest as a set of human genes isolated solely on the basis of the phenotypic effect of the respective mutations. We analyzed the protein se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5831
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::In adult mammalian brain, occurrence of the synthesis of estradiol from endogenous cholesterol has been doubted because of the inability to detect dehydroepiandrosterone synthase, P45017alpha. In adult male rat hippocampal formation, significant localization was demonstrated for both cytochromes P45017alpha and P450 a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2630225100
更新日期:2004-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::That tumors cause changes in surrounding tissues is well documented, but whether they also affect distant tissues is uncertain. Such knowledge may be important in understanding the relationship between cancer and overall patient health. To address this question, we examined tissues distant to sites of implanted tumors...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1008260107
更新日期:2010-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::With the increased popularity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for mutagenesis studies, efficient methods for manipulation of its genome are needed. One approach is the use of a transposable element as a vector for gene transfer in this species. We report here the transformation of zebrafish and germ-line transmission of th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5182
更新日期:1998-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must be tightly controlled. However, the mechanism by which NLR prot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105685108
更新日期:2011-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::It has often been suggested that the frequently observed Watson-Crick base-pair compensatory substitutions in RNA helical structures occur mainly through a slightly deleterious G.U intermediate state. We have scored base substitutions in a set of 82 related Drosophila species for the D1 and D2 variable domains of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.10032
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The nodZ gene, which is present in various soil bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azorhizobium caulinodans, and Rhizobium loti, is involved in the addition of a fucosyl residue to the reducing N-acetylglucosamine residue of lipochitin oligosaccharide (LCO) signal molecules. Using an Escherichia coli strain th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4336
更新日期:1997-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Not having enough of what one needs has long been shown to have detrimental consequences for decision making. Recent work suggests that the experience of insufficient resources can create a "scarcity" mindset; increasing attention toward the scarce resource itself, but at the cost of attention for unrelated aspects. T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818572116
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The POU-IV or "Brn-3" class of POU-domain transcription factors is represented in Drosophila by I-POU and twin-of-I-POU, alternative splice products of the I-POU gene. I-POU has been previously reported to inhibit DNA binding by the POU-III class factor drifter/Cf1a via the formation of heterodimeric complexes. Here w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15097
更新日期:1996-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::The current study details efficient lesion-free cutaneous vaccination via vaccine delivery into an array of micropores in the skin, instead of bolus injection at a single site. Such delivery effectively segregated vaccine-induced inflammation, resulting in rapid resolution of the inflammation, provided that distances ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500408112
更新日期:2015-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of individuals routinely remain awake for more than 18 h daily, which causes performance decrements. It is unknown if these functional impairments are the result of that extended wakefulness or from the associated shortened sleep durations. We therefore examined changes in objective reaction time performance ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1706694115
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Recent theory suggests that animals should switch facultatively among canonical movement modes as a complex function of internal state, landscape characteristics, motion capacity, and navigational capacity. We tested the generality of this paradigm for free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) over 5 orders of magnitude in ti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0801737105
更新日期:2008-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::The human isoform 2 of pantothenate kinase (PanK2) is localized to the mitochondria, and mutations in this protein are associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. PanK2 inhibition by acetyl-CoA is so stringent (IC50 < 1 microM) that it is unclear how the enzyme functions in the presence of intracellular ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607621104
更新日期:2007-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA origami method permits folding of long single-stranded DNA into complex 3D structures with subnanometer precision. Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and recently cryo-EM tomography have been used to characterize the properties of such DNA origami objects, however their microscopic stru...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1316521110
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor e was purified to homogeneity and identified by biochemical criteria as the counterpart of human transcription factor IIB. Factor e was essential for initiation of transcription from yeast and mammalian promoters in a reconstituted yeast transcription system. Activity resided ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11292
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tsc2 gene, which is mutationally inactivated in the germ line of some families with tuberous sclerosis, encodes a large, membrane-associated GTPase activating protein (GAP) designated tuberin. Studies of the Eker rat model of hereditary cancer strongly support the role of Tsc2 as a tumor suppressor gene. In this s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.17.9154
更新日期:1996-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we used PCR analysis with arbitrary primers (AP-PCR) to screen for overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and assembly of contigs. A rice BAC library with three genome equivalents was used to prepare pooled BAC DNA. Twenty-two arbitrary primers were used to survey the pooled BAC DNAs...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5661
更新日期:1998-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is characterized by severe headaches that can be preceded by an aura likely caused by cortical spreading depression (SD). The antiepileptic pregabalin (Lyrica) shows clinical promise for migraine therapy, although its efficacy and mechanism of action are unclear. As detected by diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1614447114
更新日期:2017-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Population growth rate is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary characteristic of living organisms, but individuals must balance the metabolism devoted to biosynthesis and reproduction against the maintenance of existing structure and other functionality. Here we present a mathematical model that relates metabolic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115585109
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in animals demonstrate a crucial role for the amygdala in emotional and social behavior, especially as related to fear and aggression. Whereas lesion and functional-imaging studies in humans indicate the amygdala's participation in assessing the significance of nonverbal as well as paralinguistic cues, direct ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10456
更新日期:1999-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::We explored the feasibility of designing retroviral vectors that can target human breast cancer cells with characteristic receptors via ligand-receptor interaction. The ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope was modified by insertion of sequences encoding human heregulin. Ecotropic virus, which normally does...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9747
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that surfactant protein A (SP-A) mediates in vitro killing of mycoplasmas by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from resistant C57BL/6 mice through a nitric oxide (.NO)-dependent mechanism. Herein, SP-A-deficient [SP-A(-/-)] and inducible.NO synthase-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were infected intranasal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4953
更新日期:1999-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is the primary target for HIV-1-specific antibodies. The native HIV-1 envelope spike on the virion surface is a trimer, but trimeric gp140 and monomeric gp120 currently are believed to induce comparable immune responses. Indeed, most studies on the immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope oligomers...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1204533109
更新日期:2012-07-24 00:00:00