Abstract:
:Purified inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes were used to investigate the active transport of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Incubation of vesicles and GSSG in the presence of ATP resulted in the transport of GSSG into the vesicles. When vesicles were incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH), no transport was observed. At GSSG concentrations of less than 5 mM, transport was linear up to 4 hr at 37 degrees C. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the transport rate as a function of GSSG concentration was biphasic and gave apparent Km values of 0.1 and 7.1 mM. The Km for ATP . Mg in this transport process was 0.63 mM at a GSSG concentration of 20 microM and 1.25 mM at a GSSG concentration of 5 mM. The transport rate at low GSSG concentrations was inhibited by CTP or UTP, which acted as competitive inhibitors of ATP; Ki=0.51 mM. This inhibition may account for the high erythrocyte GSH levels observed in pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase deficiency, a disorder in which erythrocytic levels of CTP and UTP are elevated.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kondo T,Dale GL,Beutler Edoi
10.1073/pnas.77.11.6359subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-11-01 00:00:00pages
6359-62issue
11eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A number of distressing trends, including a decline in the share of key research grants going to younger scientists, as well as a steady rise in the age at which investigators receive their first funding, are now a decades-long feature of the US biomedical research workforce. Working committees have proposed recommend...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418761112
更新日期:2015-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the operation of a posttranslational protein translocation pathway to determine whether ions are excluded from the translocase during protein transport. The membrane capacitance during protein translocation across chloroplast thylakoid membranes was monitored via electric-field-indicating carotenoid el...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1590
更新日期:1998-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::The hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypertension in several types of experimental and genetic hypertension animal models. We previously reported that in the murine brain, aminopeptidase A (APA) is involved in the conversion of angioten...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402312101
更新日期:2004-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The first crystal structure of the neurotransmitter/sodium symporter homolog LeuT revealed an occluded binding pocket containing leucine and 2 Na(+); later structures showed tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in an extracellular vestibule approximately 11 A above the bound leucine and 2 Na(+). We recently found this reg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811322106
更新日期:2009-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::In the present work, we investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in combination therapy with oncolytic virus (OV) and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. NK cells display rapid and potent immunity to metastatic and hematological cancers, and they overcome immunosuppressive effects of tumor microenvironment. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715295115
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::The MARCKS protein is a widely distributed cellular substrate for protein kinase C. It is a myristoylprotein that binds calmodulin and actin in a manner reversible by protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. It is also highly expressed in nervous tissue, particularly during development. To evaluate a possible devel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.4.944
更新日期:1995-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Stochasticity alters the nonlinear dynamics of inherently cycling populations. The power spectrum can describe and explain the impacts of stochasticity. We fitted models to short observed time series of flour beetle populations in the frequency domain, then used a well fitting stochastic mechanistic model to generate ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608571103
更新日期:2006-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) requires open, flexible chromatin domains. The NuA4-Tip60 complex creates these flexible chromatin structures by exchanging histone H2A.Z onto nucleosomes and promoting acetylation of histone H4. Here, we demonstrate that the accumulation of H2A.Z on nucleosomes at DSBs is...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504868112
更新日期:2015-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic mRNA degradation proceeds through two main pathways, both involving mRNA cap breakdown. In the 3'-5' mRNA decay pathway, mRNA body degradation generates free m7GpppN that is hydrolyzed by DcpS generating m7GMP. In the 5'-3' pathway, the recently identified human Dcp2 decapping enzyme cleaves the cap of dead...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1635192100
更新日期:2003-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::The N,N'-diacetyllactosediamine (lacdiNAc) pathway of complex-type oligosaccharide synthesis is controlled by a UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAc beta-R beta 1-->4-N-acetylgalac-tesaminyltransferase (beta 4-GalNAcT) that acts analogously to the common UDP-Gal:GlcNAc beta-R beta 1-->4-galactosyltransferase (beta 4-GalT). LacdiNAc-base...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10111
更新日期:1996-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptor corepressor, silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT), is recruited by a plethora of transcription factors to mediate lineage and signal-dependent transcriptional repression. We generated a knockin mutation in the receptor interaction domain (RID) of SMRT (SMRT(mRID)) th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811012105
更新日期:2008-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Classical feed-forward inhibition involves an excitation-inhibition sequence that enhances the temporal precision of neuronal responses by narrowing the window for synaptic integration. In the input layer of the cerebellum, feed-forward inhibition is thought to preserve the temporal fidelity of granule cell spikes dur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1510249112
更新日期:2015-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::mAbs against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens have the potential to play a prominent role in cancer immunotherapy. However, it has not been possible to fully exploit the clinical utility of such antibodies primarily, because those of adequate affinity could be derived only from murine sources. To address this pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6953
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::CooA, the CO-sensing heme protein from Rhodospirillum rubrum, regulates the expression of genes that encode a CO-oxidation system, allowing R. rubrum to use CO as a sole energy source. To better understand the gas-sensing regulation mechanism used by R. rubrum CooA and its homologs in other organisms, we characterized...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505919103
更新日期:2006-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::At what range can a mammalian cell sense the presence of another cell and through what medium? To approach these questions, the formation of aggregates of a 3T3 cell variant (3T3x cells) grown on solid substrates was studied. Each of the aggregates consisted of cells that, at the time of their seeding, were single and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0407763102
更新日期:2005-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::We present an adaptation of the hydroxyl radical DNA "footprinting" technique that permits high-resolution mapping of protected regions of RNA. Hydroxyl radical cleaves RNA independently of base sequence and secondary structure of the RNAs examined and allows resolution of protected regions at the single nucleotide le...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.20.7795
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crystal structure of the murine Fab S-20-4 from a protective anti-cholera Ab specific for the lipopolysaccharide Ag of the Ogawa serotype has been determined in its unliganded form and in complex with synthetic fragments of the Ogawa O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP). The upstream terminal O-SP monosaccharide is sh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.060022997
更新日期:2000-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP was induced in nonrespiring submitochondrial particles (SMP) from rat liver by the application of electric pulses with field strengths of 10-35 kV/cm and a decay time of 60 mus. In all cases respiration was inhibited completely by using cyanide or rotenone. Newly formed ATP was measured b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7473
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artificial two-dimensional biological habitats were prepared from porous polymer layers and inoculated with the fungus Penicillium roqueforti to provide a living material. Such composites of classical industrial ingredients and living microorganisms can provide a novel form of functional or smart materials with capabi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115381109
更新日期:2012-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::It was reported that the rate of elongation of partially reconstituted RNA, if prepared without centrifugation, showed dependency upon the state of protein aggregation like that found when free RNA was used as the nucleic acid source [Butler, P. J. G. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 82, 333-341]. Butler concluded from this resul...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.552
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the activities of IFN-gamma are the result of STAT1-mediated transcriptional responses. In this study, we show that the BRCA1 tumor suppressor acts in concert with STAT1 to differentially activate transcription of a subset of IFN-gamma target genes and mediates growth inhibition by this cytokine. After IFN-gam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.080469697
更新日期:2000-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated the phosphorylation of a 28-kDa protein (p28) in the ME-180 line of human cervical carcinoma cells. The effect of TNF-alpha on the phosphorylation state of p28 was rapid (4-fold increase within 15 min) and persistent, remaining above the basal level for at least 2 hr....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8417
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X syndrome, the most frequent form of hereditary mental retardation, is due to a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome. Like fragile X patients, FMR1-knockout (FMR1-KO) mice lack the normal fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and show both cognitive alterations ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504984102
更新日期:2005-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is believed to be a significant source of major evolutionary innovation. Redundant genes resulting from WGD are thought to be lost or acquire new functions. However, the rates of gene loss and thus temporal process of genome reshaping after WGD remain unclear. The WGD shared by all teleo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507669112
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisera directed against human dopamine beta-hydroxylase or serotonin were used to characterize the noradrenergic and serotonergic innervation patterns within the primary visual cortex of the squirrel monkey. The noradrenergic and serotonergic projections exhibit a high degree of laminar complementarity: layers V and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.7.2401
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of molecular methods is altering our understanding of the microbial biosphere and the complexity of the tree of life. Here, we report a newly discovered uncultured plastid-bearing eukaryotic lineage named the rappemonads. Phylogenies using near-complete plastid ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operons demonstrate that thi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013337108
更新日期:2011-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::The recognition of carrier proteins by multiple catalytic partners occurs in every cycle of chain elongation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and of the pharmacologically important polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural products. To dissect the features of carrier proteins that determine specific recognition at...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705122104
更新日期:2007-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Causes of late Quaternary extinctions of large mammals ("megafauna") continue to be debated, especially for continental losses, because spatial and temporal patterns of extinction are poorly known. Accurate latest appearance dates (LADs) for such taxa are critical for interpreting the process of extinction. The extinc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912510106
更新日期:2009-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously identified and purified a cell surface glycoprotein from retina and brain, called neural cell adhesion molecule or N-CAM, that appears to be involved in neural cell--cell adhesion, the fasciculation of neurites, and the formation of normal tissue patterns in the retina. The present studies reveal th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.685
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has shown that nuclei of young embryos (to gastrula stage) promote normal development when transplanted into enucleated eggs. As development proceeds to later stages, the nuclei become increasingly restricted in their capacity to promote normal cleavage and development, and the majority of the embryos th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.3.630
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00