Abstract:
:Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP was induced in nonrespiring submitochondrial particles (SMP) from rat liver by the application of electric pulses with field strengths of 10-35 kV/cm and a decay time of 60 mus. In all cases respiration was inhibited completely by using cyanide or rotenone. Newly formed ATP was measured by two independent methods, (i) the luciferase/luciferin bioluminescence assay and (ii) synthesis of [(32)P]ATP from ADP and (32)P(i). Both methods gave consistent and essentially identical results. Above 10 kV/cm the amount of ATP synthesized increased with increasing field strength, and at 30 kV/cm, approximately 40 pmol of ATP was synthesized per mg of SMP protein per pulse. ATP synthesis was shown to be related to the field-induced transmembrane potential, not to Joule heating of the suspension. Synthesis was abolished by the uncouplers carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The ionophores valinomycin and A23187 reduced the level of synthesis by 75% and 50%, respectively. ATP synthesis was also blocked by inhibitors of the F(0)F(1) ATPase complex, oligomycin, N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, venturicidin, and aurovertin. The activities of the adenine nucleotide translocator and adenylate kinase, as well as release of bound nucleotides, could be excluded as sources of the new ATP. The data indicate that the minimal applied field at which ATP synthesis could be detected is approximately 8 kV/cm, corresponding to a maximal induced membrane potential of 60 mV in SMP. The maximal synthesis occurred at around 30 kV/cm, or an induced transmembrane potential of 200 mV. The duration of the applied pulse was also found to be critical, with 8 mus being the minimal triggering time for the synthesis. The induction of ATP synthesis in nonrespiring SMP by an externally applied electrical field is a direct demonstration of the transformation, by the mitochondrial inner membrane, of electrical energy into the chemical bond energy of ATP.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Teissie J,Knox BE,Tsong TY,Wehrle Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.78.12.7473subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-12-01 00:00:00pages
7473-7issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Significant attention has focused on the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, recent advances have identified triglyceride-rich lipoproteins [e.g., very LDL (VLDL)] as independent risk predictors for this disease. We have previously demonstrated peroxisome proliferator...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510815103
更新日期:2006-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the surface delivery pathways followed by newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intestinal cells. To this end, we developed an assay and characterized an epithelial cell line (SK-CO-15) derived from human colon adenocarcinoma. Polarized confluent monolayers (2000 omega.cm2), grown on polycarbonate f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9313
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining trend and implementing detrending operations are important steps in data analysis. Yet there is no precise definition of "trend" nor any logical algorithm for extracting it. As a result, various ad hoc extrinsic methods have been used to determine trend and to facilitate a detrending operation. In this art...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701020104
更新日期:2007-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::An early and a late histone H2B gene from the sea urchin Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus were linked in a single plasmid and injected into the eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. The levels of transcripts of injected early and late genes and of endogenous early genes were monitored during development by a ribonucl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.2.507
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A polar lipid containing about 20 per cent of the lipid soluble inositol has been purified from cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This compound labeled with (3)H-inositol, (32)P(i), or (14)C glucose was isolated from aqueous pyridine extracts by means of paper chromatography. Unlabeled compound was obtained by a diff...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.64.3.1042
更新日期:1969-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous results suggest that modification of the dimeric enzyme at a single arginine residue per subunit causes complete inactivation accompanied by the loss of nucleotide binding; the actual site of modification was not identified. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3362
更新日期:1998-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The "WD40" domain is a widespread recognition module for linking partner proteins in intracellular networks of signaling and sorting. The clathrin amino-terminal domain, which directs incorporation of cargo into coated pits, is a beta-propeller closely related in structure to WD40 modules. The crystallographically det...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive target binding assay has recently been shown to detect natural killer (NK) cells in the mouse. Preincubation of NK cells with detergent-solubilized cell-surface proteins of YAC lymphoma cells prevented subsequent binding to intact YAC targets. The NK target structures (NK-TS) consisted of three molecular s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.3.1405
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear proteins contain specific regions that are required for entry into the nucleus. Using ligand blotting, we have shown that a 67-kDa yeast nuclear envelope protein (p67) recognizes synthetic peptides containing the yeast histone H2B or simian virus 40 large tumor antigen nuclear localization sequence. Both free ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8808
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmons, the collective oscillations of interacting electrons, possess emergent properties that dramatically alter the optical response of metals. We predict the existence of a new class of plasmons-chiral Berry plasmons (CBPs)-for a wide range of 2D metallic systems including gapped Dirac materials. As we show, in t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519086113
更新日期:2016-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the molecular basis of the voltage sensor that triggers excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the four-domain pore subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) was cut in the cytoplasmic linker between domains II and III. cDNAs for the I-II domain (alpha1S 1-670) and the III-IV domain (alpha1S 701-187...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.111001898
更新日期:2001-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::A 320-base-pair repeated sequence was observed when DNA samples from the filarial parasites Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi were digested with the restriction endonuclease Hha I. A 640-base-pair dimer of the repeated sequence from B. malayi was inserted into the plasmid pBR322. When dot hybridization was used, the co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.3.797
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine possible differences in the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases of normal and psoriatic human fibroblasts, the levels of the regulatory subunits (RI and RII, respectively) of protein kinase I and protein kinase II were quantitated by photoaffinity labeling with 8-azido[32P]cAMP. The level of RII was sign...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.14.5272
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insects, as a group, have been remarkably successful in adapting to a great range of physical and biological environments, in large part because of their ability to fly. The evolution of flight in small insects was accompanied by striking adaptations of the thoracic musculature that enabled very high wing beat frequen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604972103
更新日期:2006-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::At mammalian neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), innervation induces and maintains the metabolic stability of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). To explore whether neural agrin may cause similar receptor stabilization, we injected neural agrin cDNA of increasing transfection efficiencies into denervated adult rat soleus (SO...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.171539698
更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Most homeobox genes belonging to the Hox family are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells upon treatment with retinoic acid. Genes located at the 3' end of each one of the four Hox clusters are activated first, whereas upstream Hox genes are activated progressively later. This activation has been extensi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5335
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Plants, although sessile, can reorient growth axes in response to changing environmental conditions. Phototropism and gravitropism represent adaptive growth responses induced by changes in light direction and growth axis orientation relative to gravitational direction, respectively. The nearly 80-year-old Cholodny-Wen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0507127103
更新日期:2006-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Actin purified from mouse fibroblasts by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was used as antigen to obtain an antibody in rabbits. The elicited antibody was shown to be specific for actin as judged by immunodiffusion and complement fixation against partially purified mouse fibroblast actin and highly purified c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2268
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hox genes encode transcription factors that control spatial patterning during embryogenesis. To date, downstream targets of Hox genes have proven difficult to identify. Here, we describe studies designed to identify target genes under the control of the murine transcription factor Hoxc8. We used a mouse 16,463 gene ol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409700102
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The ciliary epithelium in the eye consists of pigmented epithelial cells that express the α1β1 isoform of Na,K-ATPase and nonpigmented epithelial cells that express mainly the α2β3 isoform. In principle, a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor with selectivity for α2β3 that penetrates the cornea could effectively reduce intraocular p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1514569112
更新日期:2015-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the ubiquitous use of phosphoramidite chemistry in the synthesis of biophosphates, catalytic asymmetric phosphoramidite transfer remains largely unexplored for phosphate ester synthesis. We have discovered that a tetrazole-functionalized peptide, in the presence of 10-Å molecular sieves, functions as an enanti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001111107
更新日期:2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have demonstrated the existence of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) [interleukin 10 (IL-10)]. cDNA clones encoding human IL-10 (hIL-10) were isolated from a tetanus toxin-specific human T-cell clone. Like mouse IL-10, hIL-10 exhibits strong DNA and amino acid sequence homology to an open reading fr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.4.1172
更新日期:1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains are crucial signaling modules during innate immune responses involving the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). Myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) is a central TIR domain-containing adapter molecule responsible for nearly all TLR-mediated signaling and is targe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215770110
更新日期:2013-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::The restoration of planar cell polarity is an essential but poorly understood step toward physiological recovery during sensory-organ regeneration. Investigating this issue in the lateral line of the zebrafish, we found that hair cells regenerate in pairs along a single axis established by the restricted localization ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608536103
更新日期:2006-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Expanded hexanucleotide repeats in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene are the most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Here, we identify nuclear RNA foci containing the hexanucleotide expansion (GGGGCC) in patient cells, including white blood cells, fibroblasts, glia, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1318835110
更新日期:2013-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals, we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918162117
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Betidamino acids (a contraction of "beta" position and "amide") are N'-monoacylated (optionally, N'-monoacylated and N-mono- or N,N'-dialkylated) aminoglycine derivatives in which each N'acyl/alkyl group may mimic naturally occurring amino acid side chains or introduce novel functionalities. Betidamino acids are most ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.2031
更新日期:1996-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to delineate the advent of many enzymes essential to protein translation are often limited by the fact that the modern genetic code evolved before divergence of the tree of life. Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) is one noteworthy exception to the universality of the translation apparatus. In eukaryotes and s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1932482100
更新日期:2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The deadly neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is found in a variety of animal phyla and, because of its toxicity, is most often assumed to deter predation. On the tropical Pacific island of Guam, we found an undescribed flatworm (planocerid sp. 1) that contains high levels of TTX and its analogs. Through ecological experim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506093103
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The virulence of many pathogens depends upon their ability to cope with immune-generated nitric oxide (NO·). In Escherichia coli, the major NO· detoxification systems are Hmp, an NO· dioxygenase (NOD), and NorV, an NO· reductase (NOR). It is well established that Hmp is the dominant system under aerobic conditions, wh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1521354113
更新日期:2016-03-22 00:00:00