Abstract：
:Molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) typically contain four stems composed of Watson-Crick (W-C) base pairs and infrequent mispairs such as G-U and A-C. The latter mispairs are fundamental units of RNA secondary structure found in nearly every class of RNA and are nearly isomorphic to W-C pairs. Therefore, they often substitute for G-C or A-U base pairs. The mispairs also have unique chemical, structural, and dynamic conformational properties, which can only be partially mimicked by W-C base pairs. Here, I characterize the identities and tasks of six mutant G-U and A-C mispairs in Escherichia coli tRNA(Gly) using genetic and bioinformatic tools and show that mispairs are significantly more important for aminoacylation and translation than previously realized. Mispairs boost aminoacylation and translation primarily because they activate tRNA by means of their conformational flexibility. The statistical preservation of the six mutant mispair sites across tRNA(Gly) in many organisms points to a fundamental structure-function signature within tRNA(Gly) with possible analogous missions in other RNAs.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
McClain WHdoi
10.1073/pnas.0600592103keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-21 00:00:00pages
4570-5issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0600592103journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Retrograde axonal transport plays an important role in the maintenance of neuronal functions, but the mechanism is poorly defined partly because the constituents of the retrograde transport system and their interactions have yet to be elucidated. Of special interest is how dynein/dynactin motor proteins interact with ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0602222104
更新日期：2007-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Metal-inducible transcription of metallothionein (MT) genes involves the interaction of metal-responsive trans-acting factors with specific promoter DNA sequence elements. In this report, we present a genetic selection using the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to clone a gene from Candida glabrata encoding a ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.88.14.6112
更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genetic diversity in southern Europe is higher than in other regions of the continent. This difference has been attributed to postglacial expansions, the demic diffusion of agriculture from the Near East, and gene flow from Africa. Using SNP data from 2,099 individuals in 43 populations, we show that estimates o...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1306223110
更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Representational difference analysis was used to search for pathogens in multiple sclerosis brains. We detected a 341-nucleotide fragment that was 99.4% identical to the major DNA binding protein gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Examination of 86 brain specimens by PCR demonstrated that HHV-6 was present in > 70% ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.92.16.7440
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several disulfide benzamides have been shown to possess wide-spectrum antiretroviral activity in cell culture at low micromolar to submicromolar concentrations, inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) clinical and drug-resistant strains along with HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus [Rice, W. ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.93.3.969
更新日期：1996-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnetic microstructure of a natural, finely exsolved intergrowth of submicron magnetite blocks in an ulvöspinel matrix is characterized by using off-axis electron holography in the transmission electron microscope. Single-domain and vortex states in individual blocks, as well as magnetostatic interaction fields b...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.262514499
更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:During latent infection of humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria persist in the asymptomatic host within granulomas, organized collections of differentiated macrophages, and other immune cells. The mechanisms for persistence remain poorly understood, as is the metabolic and replicative state of the microbes...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.002024599
更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research and theory suggest that two stable personality dimensions, extroversion and neuroticism, differentially influence emotional reactivity to a variety of pleasurable phenomena. Here, we use event-related functional MRI to address the putative neural and behavioral associations between humor appreciation...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0408457102
更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins internalized into the endocytic pathway are usually degraded. Efficient proteolysis requires denaturation, induced by acidic conditions within lysosomes, and reduction of inter- and intrachain disulfide bonds. Cytosolic reduction is mediated enzymatically by thioredoxin, but the mechanism of lysosomal reducti...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.97.2.745
更新日期：2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular wound healing or the repair of plasma membrane/cell wall damage (plasma membrane damage) occurs frequently in nature. Although various cellular perturbations, such as DNA damage, spindle misalignment, and impaired daughter cell formation, are monitored by cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms in budding yeast, whe...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1523824113
更新日期：2016-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The larger structures are, the lower their mechanical strength. Already discussed by Leonardo da Vinci and Edmé Mariotte several centuries ago, size effects on strength remain of crucial importance in modern engineering for the elaboration of safety regulations in structural design or the extrapolation of laboratory r...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1403500111
更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding and manipulation of the forces assembling DNA/RNA helices have broad implications for biology, medicine, and physics. One subject of significance is the attractive force between dsDNA mediated by polycations of valence ≥ 3. Despite extensive studies, the physical origin of the "like-charge attraction" re...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1003374107
更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the end of World War II, much evidence has accrued of the primary phase of village-farming community life in Southwestern Asia, which began about 7000 B.C. The remains of (usually) several of the positively domesticated animals (dog, sheep, goat, pig) and plants (wheat, barley, legumes such as peas and lentils) ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.68.6.1236
更新日期：1971-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spider-like forms of purified reovirus RNA have been characterized by electron microscopy. These structures contained 11.3 +/- 0.8 mum of double-stranded RNA and up to 20 arms, each of distinct length. Length measurements of 64 "spiders" suggest that in these structures the viral genome is folded fairly specifically. ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.72.11.4317
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent of the strength of the static magnetic field, extending the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging to low magne...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0605396103
更新日期：2006-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Buffering variability in morphogen distribution is essential for reproducible patterning. A theoretically proposed class of mechanisms, termed "distal pinning," achieves robustness by combining local sensing of morphogen levels with global modulation of gradient spread. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for morphog...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1918268117
更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:A detailed conformational analysis of the known crystal structures of vitamin A, carotenoid, and xanthenoid derivatives has been made. These studies suggest that the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal and its isomers may each occur in several different conformational states, which would be expected to have different li...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.69.6.1569
更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used wild-type and variants of the T-lymphoma cell line S49 to explore internalization and down-regulation of adenylate cyclase-linked beta-adrenergic receptors. Internalization was defined by the loss in "surface receptors" detected at 4 degrees C on intact cells by the antagonists [3H]CGP-12177 or [125I]iodo...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.82.1.129
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cones show briefer light responses than rods and do not saturate even under very bright light. Using purified rod and cone homogenates, we measured the activity of guanylate cyclase (GC), an enzyme responsible for cGMP synthesis and therefore recovery of a light response. The basal GC activity was 36 times higher in c...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0812781106
更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The livers of insulin-resistant, diabetic mice manifest selective insulin resistance, suggesting a bifurcation in the insulin signaling pathway: Insulin loses its ability to block glucose production (i.e., it fails to suppress PEPCK and other genes of gluconeogenesis), yet it retains its ability to stimulate fatty aci...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0914798107
更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The apparatus of photosynthetic energy conversion in chloroplasts is quite well characterized with respect to structure and function. Light-driven electron transport in the thylakoid membrane is coupled to synthesis of ATP, used to drive energy-dependent metabolic processes in the stroma and the outer surface of the t...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0308164100
更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyrotoxicosis increases endogenous glucose production (EGP) and induces hepatic insulin resistance. We have recently shown that these alterations can be modulated by selective hepatic sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation, pointing to neurally mediated effects of thyroid hormone on glucose metabolism. Here, we ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0805355106
更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the 15 extracellular domains of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R), domain 11 has evolved a binding site for IGF2 to negatively regulate ligand bioavailability and mammalian growth. Despite the highly evolved structural loops of the IGF2:domain 11 binding site, affinity-enh...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1513023113
更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to grow the marine molluse Aplysia under laboratory conditions allows a detailed study of the formation of the nervous system and of the development of specific identified cells. I have found that the ganglia develop in a specific temporal order. Cerebral and pedal ganglia develop at hatching, the abdomina...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.74.1.375
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanos (Nos) is an evolutionarily conserved protein essential for the survival of primordial germ cells. In Drosophila, maternal Nos partitions into pole cells and suppresses apoptosis to permit proper germ-line development. However, how this critical event is regulated by Nos has remained elusive. Here, we report that...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0610052104
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Down-regulation of mitogenic signaling in mammalian cells relies in part on endosomal trafficking of activated receptors into lysosomes, where the receptors are degraded. These events are mediated by ubiquitination of the endosomal cargo and its consequent sorting into multivesicular bodies that form at the surfaces o...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0932599100
更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The failure of the population of microjunctions forming the frictional interface between two solids is central to fields ranging from biomechanics to seismology. This failure is mediated by the propagation along the interface of various types of rupture fronts, covering a wide range of velocities. Among them are the s...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1321752111
更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Overexpression of the p53 protein, resulting from gene mutations that increase protein stability, has been detected in greater than 25% of primary human breast cancers. In addition, approximately 10% of breast cancer patients have circulating antibodies to the p53 protein. In this study, the anti-p53 humoral response ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.89.8.3439
更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2009 we reported that depletion of Dicer-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of miRNA biosynthesis, prevents metamorphosis in Blattella germanica. However, the precise regulatory roles of miRNAs in the process have remained elusive. In the present work, we have observed that Dicer-1 depletion results in an ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1418522112
更新日期：2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a method for predicting the structure of alpha beta class proteins in the absence of information from homologous structures. The method is based on an associative memory model for short to intermediate range in sequence contacts and a contact potential for long range in sequence contacts. The coefficients ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.252753899
更新日期：2003-02-18 00:00:00
