Protein kinase CK2 governs the molecular decision between encephalitogenic TH17 cell and Treg cell development.

abstract：:Childhood exposure to low-level lead can permanently reduce intelligence, but the neurobiologic mechanism for this effect is unknown. We examined the impact of lead exposure on the development of cortical columns, using the rodent barrel field as a model. In all areas of mammalian neocortex, cortical columns constitut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson MA,Johnston MV,Goldstein GW,Blue ME

更新日期：2000-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A physical map of the 9.2-Mbp Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 chromosome at a resolution of 25 kbp was constructed by using a strategy that is applicable to virtually all microorganisms. Segments of the chromosome were used as hybridization probes to subdivide a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library into groups of linke...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He Q,Chen H,Kuspa A,Cheng Y,Kaiser D,Shimkets LJ

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:As assessed by ultrastructure, histochemical staining, and T-cell dependency, in vitro-differentiated inter-leukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells are comparable to the mast cells that reside in the gastrointestinal mucosa but not in the skin or the serosal cavity of the mouse. We now demonstrate that when cloned interle...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dayton ET,Pharr P,Ogawa M,Serafin WE,Austen KF,Levi-Schaffer F,Stevens RL

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of subjects with different degrees of glucose intolerance were examined in order to determine, first, the capacity of the beta cells to release insulin upon glucose stimulation and, second, sensitivity to insulin. The groups were selected on the basis of fasting blood glucose value and tolerances to oral and in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Efendić S,Wajngot A,Cerasi E,Luft R

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (Calvin cycle) catalyzes virtually all primary productivity on Earth and is the major sink for atmospheric CO(2). A less appreciated function of CO(2) fixation is as an electron-accepting process. It is known that anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria require the Calvin cycle to accept elect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McKinlay JB,Harwood CS

更新日期：2010-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Techniques of fluorescence and ion microscopies were combined to study the free [Ca2+] and total Ca in NIH 3T3 fibroblast and L6 rat myoblast cells. Free Ca2+ measurements with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2 and digital imaging reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ in both cell lines. Fura-2 also re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chandra S,Gross D,Ling YC,Morrison GH

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A two-component transposon system based on the Ac element of maize was used as a mutagen in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transposition of a Ds element marked with a hygromycin-resistance gene was activated from four different locations in the Arabidopsis genome. The progeny of 201 plants carrying independent transposition ev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Long D,Martin M,Sundberg E,Swinburne J,Puangsomlee P,Coupland G

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a normal physiological process, which could in principle be manipulated to play an important role in cancer therapy. The key importance of p53 expression in the apoptotic response to DNA-damaging agents has been stressed because mutant or deleted p53 is so common in most kinds of c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu C,Meikrantz W,Schlegel R,Sager R

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the ribosome is a very general catalyst, it cannot synthesize all protein sequences equally well. For example, ribosomes stall on the secretion monitor (SecM) leader peptide to regulate expression of a downstream gene. Using a genetic selection in Escherichia coli, we identified additional nascent peptide mot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woolstenhulme CJ,Parajuli S,Healey DW,Valverde DP,Petersen EN,Starosta AL,Guydosh NR,Johnson WE,Wilson DN,Buskirk AR

更新日期：2013-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how electric fields and their fluctuations in the active site of enzymes affect efficient catalysis represents a critical objective of biochemical research. We have directly measured the dynamics of the electric field in the active site of a highly proficient enzyme, Δ(5)-3-ketosteroid isomerase (KSI), i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jha SK,Ji M,Gaffney KJ,Boxer SG

更新日期：2011-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Egg laying hormone, a peptide neurohormone with an approximate molecular weight of 6000, was isolated from the region of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia that contains the neuroendocrine bag cells and purified by gel filtration chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and dialysis. A 1-min local application of egg layin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Branton WD,Arch S,Smock T,Mayeri E

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The degeneracy of the genetic code allows nucleic acids to encode amino acid identity as well as noncoding information for gene regulation and genome maintenance. The rare arginine codons AGA and AGG (AGR) present a case study in codon choice, with AGRs encoding important transcriptional and translational properties d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Napolitano MG,Landon M,Gregg CJ,Lajoie MJ,Govindarajan L,Mosberg JA,Kuznetsov G,Goodman DB,Vargas-Rodriguez O,Isaacs FJ,Söll D,Church GM

更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In biological processes, such as fission, fusion and trafficking, it has been shown that lipids of different shapes are sorted into regions with different membrane curvatures. This lipid sorting has been hypothesized to be due to the coupling between the membrane curvature and the lipid's spontaneous curvature, which ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamal MM,Mills D,Grzybek M,Howard J

更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Smooth muscle cells use fibronectin to bind to type I and type III collagens but bind to type V collagen by a trypsin-resistant intrinsic glycoconjugate. The binding site on type V collagen is located in the alpha A chain. By using collagen-coated filters in a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, it was obser...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grotendorst GR,Seppä HE,Kleinman HK,Martin GR

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis. Studies on the number of amino acids necessary to produce a foldable and catalytically active polypeptide have shown that a basis set of 7-13 amino acids is sufficient to build major structural elements of modern proteins. Hence, the reasons for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Granold M,Hajieva P,Toşa MI,Irimie FD,Moosmann B

更新日期：2018-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we have observed that interleukin (IL) 1 alpha or IL-1 beta directly induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the latently infected human promonocytic cell line U1. In addition, IL-1 synergized with IL-6, but not with tumor necrosis factor, in the upregulation of virus expressio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poli G,Kinter AL,Fauci AS

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixing genomes of different species by hybridization can disrupt species-specific genetic interactions that were adapted and fixed within each species population. Such disruption can predispose the hybrids to abnormalities and disease that decrease the overall fitness of the hybrids and is therefore named as hybrid in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lu Y,Sandoval A,Voss S,Lai Z,Kneitz S,Boswell W,Boswell M,Savage M,Walter C,Warren W,Schartl M,Walter R

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. However, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of Y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of Y biology across the tree of l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hall AB,Papathanos PA,Sharma A,Cheng C,Akbari OS,Assour L,Bergman NH,Cagnetti A,Crisanti A,Dottorini T,Fiorentini E,Galizi R,Hnath J,Jiang X,Koren S,Nolan T,Radune D,Sharakhova MV,Steele A,Timoshevskiy VA,Windbich

更新日期：2016-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in an AP axis polarizing mechanism in most animals, despite limited evidence from arthropods. In the long-germ insect, Drosophila, Wnt signaling is not required for global AP patterning, but in short-germ insects including Tribolium castaneum, loss of Wnt signaling affects d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu J,Posnien N,Bolognesi R,Fischer TD,Rayl P,Oberhofer G,Kitzmann P,Brown SJ,Bucher G

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A protein that specifically binds leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been isolated from normal mouse serum by using four successive fractionation steps: chromatography on a LIF affinity matrix, anion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis. The purified LIF-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Layton MJ,Cross BA,Metcalf D,Ward LD,Simpson RJ,Nicola NA

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-gated Na(+) channels are composed of pore-forming alpha and auxiliary beta subunits. The majority of Na(+) channels in the heart contain tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive Na(v)1.5 alpha subunits, but TTX-sensitive brain-type Na(+) channel alpha subunits are present and functionally important in the transverse tub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maier SK,Westenbroek RE,Yamanushi TT,Dobrzynski H,Boyett MR,Catterall WA,Scheuer T

更新日期：2003-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Phi chi174 DNA structures containing two different parental genomes were detected genetically and examined by electron microscopy. These structures consisted of two monomeric double-stranded DNA molecules linked in a figure 8 configuration. Such DNA structures were observed to be formed preferentially in host recA+ ce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benbow RM,Zuccarelli AJ,Sinsheimer RL

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A near-full-length casbene synthase cDNA clone, pCS7, was isolated by using a partial cDNA clone, pCS4, to probe a lambda gt10 library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA from elicited castor bean seedlings. The cDNA insert had a length of 1983 bases with a polyadenylate tail of 19 bases. Translation of the cDNA sequence re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mau CJ,West CA

更新日期：1994-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The dansyl-conjugated (Dns) peptides Dns-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gln-Gln-Ile-Val and Dns-Ala-Gln-Gln-Ile-Val, patterned on the N-terminal sequence of fibronectin, were synthesized and used for the transglutaminase (protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13)-directed selective blocking of lens proteins that ot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lorand L,Parameswaran KN,Velasco PT

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclin E is an important regulator of cell cycle progression that together with cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 is crucial for the G1/S transition during the mammalian cell cycle. Previously, we showed that severe overexpression of cyclin E protein in tumor cells and tissues results in the appearance of lower molecula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gray-Bablin J,Zalvide J,Fox MP,Knickerbocker CJ,DeCaprio JA,Keyomarsi K

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine supersensitivity occurs in schizophrenia and other psychoses, and after hippocampal lesions, antipsychotics, ethanol, amphetamine, phencyclidine, gene knockouts of Dbh (dopamine beta-hydroxylase), Drd4 receptors, Gprk6 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6), Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase), or Th-/-, DbhTh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seeman P,Weinshenker D,Quirion R,Srivastava LK,Bhardwaj SK,Grandy DK,Premont RT,Sotnikova TD,Boksa P,El-Ghundi M,O'dowd BF,George SR,Perreault ML,Männistö PT,Robinson S,Palmiter RD,Tallerico T

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant kingdom contains vastly untapped natural product chemistry, which has been traditionally explored through the activity-guided approach. Here, we describe a gene-guided approach to discover and engineer a class of plant ribosomal peptides, the branched cyclic lyciumins. Initially isolated from the Chinese wol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kersten RD,Weng JK

更新日期：2018-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein misfolding and aggregation cause serious degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson, and prion diseases. Damage to membranes is thought to be one of the mechanisms underlying cellular toxicity of a range of amyloid assemblies. Previous studies have indicated that amyloid fibrils can cause membrane ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milanesi L,Sheynis T,Xue WF,Orlova EV,Hellewell AL,Jelinek R,Hewitt EW,Radford SE,Saibil HR

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The levels of the neural axis from which parasympathetic and orthosympathetic neurons and adrenomedullary cells are derived under normal developmental conditions were determined in avian embryos by a biological labeling technique. The technique is based on nuclear differences between two species of birds, the chick an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Douarin NM,Renaud D,Teillet MA,Le Douarin GH

更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-2-PE40 is a chimeric protein composed of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) genetically fused to the amino terminus of a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin lacking its cell recognition domain. IL-2-PE40, which is extremely cytotoxic to IL-2 receptor-positive cells, was examined for its ability to prevent graft rejection...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lorberboum-Galski H,Barrett LV,Kirkman RL,Ogata M,Willingham MC,FitzGerald DJ,Pastan I

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00