Abstract:
:Bacillus subtilis possesses different enzymes for the utilization of plant cell wall polysaccharides. This includes a gene cluster containing galactan degradation genes (ganA and ganB), two transporter component genes (ganQ and ganP), and the sugar-binding lipoprotein-encoding gene ganS (previously known as cycB). These genes form an operon that is regulated by GanR. The degradation of galactan by B. subtilis begins with the activity of extracellular GanB. GanB is an endo-β-1,4-galactanase and is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 53. This enzyme was active on high-molecular-weight arabinose-free galactan and mainly produced galactotetraose as well as galactotriose and galactobiose. These galacto-oligosaccharides may enter the cell via the GanQP transmembrane proteins of the galactan ABC transporter. The specificity of the galactan ABC transporter depends on the sugar-binding lipoprotein, GanS. Purified GanS was shown to bind galactotetraose and galactotriose using thermal shift assay. The energy for this transport is provided by MsmX, an ATP-binding protein. The transported galacto-oligosaccharides are further degraded by GanA. GanA is a β-galactosidase that belongs to GH family 42. The GanA enzyme was able to hydrolyze short-chain β-1,4-galacto-oligosaccharides as well as synthetic β-galactopyranosides into galactose. Thermal shift assay as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that galactobiose is the inducer of the galactan operon regulated by GanR. DNase I footprinting revealed that the GanR protein binds to an operator overlapping the -35 box of the σ(A)-type promoter of Pgan, which is located upstream of ganS IMPORTANCE: Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive soil bacterium that utilizes different types of carbohydrates, such as pectin, as carbon sources. So far, most of the pectin degradation systems and enzymes have been thoroughly studied in B. subtilis Nevertheless, the B. subtilis utilization system of galactan, which is found as the side chain of the rhamnogalacturonan type I complex in pectin, has remained partially studied. Here, we investigated the galactan utilization system consisting of the ganSPQAB operon and its regulator ganR This study improves our knowledge of the carbohydrate degradation systems of B. subtilis, especially the pectin degradation systems. Moreover, the galactan-degrading enzymes may be exploited for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides, which are used as prebiotic substances in the food industry.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Watzlawick H,Morabbi Heravi K,Altenbuchner Jdoi
10.1128/JB.00468-16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-22 00:00:00pages
2887-96issue
20eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00468-16journal_volume
198pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The fatty acid pattern in three hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria during growth on various substrates was examined. The predominant fatty acids in acetate-grown cells were C(16), C(16:1), C(18:1), and Br-C(19) and the major fatty acids in propane-grown cells were C(15), C(17), C(17:1), C(18:1), and Br-C(18). When one org...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.94.6.1919-1923.1967
更新日期:1967-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae depends on a type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins that it translocates into plant cells to cause disease and to elicit the defense-associated hypersensitive response on resistant plants. The availability of the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 genom...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.11.3621-3630.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a step towards studying representative members of the two-component family of signal transduction proteins, we have cloned genes encoding a histidine protein kinase and a response regulator from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. The genes have been designated HpkA and drrA, respectively. The dedu...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.19.5579-5585.1996
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA sequence analysis revealed that the putative yhdJ DNA methyltransferase gene of Escherichia coli is 55% identical to the Nostoc sp. strain PCC7120 gene encoding DNA methyltransferase AvaIII, which methylates adenine in the recognition sequence, ATGCAT. The yhdJ gene was cloned, and the enzyme was overexpressed and...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1128/jb.186.7.2061-2067.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the role of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis on the regulation of carotenoid synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Strains capable of making bacteriochlorophyll accumulated greater amounts of carotenoids under low oxygen than they did under high oxygen. However, strains unable to produce bacteriochlorophyl...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.162.3.1320-1321.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated a hybrid plasmid, pDB(mei2)2, containing a 7.4-kilobases (kb) DNA fragment from a Schizosaccharomyces pombe genomic library which is able to complement the mei2 mutation of S. pombe. Integration of the cloned DNA sequence at the mei2 site on chromosome I demonstrated that it contained the mei2 gene. T...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.1.93-96.1987
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of bacteriolytic enzymes of Staphylococcus aureus, with special reference to strain M18, was investigated under a variety of conditions. The bacteriolytic activity was tested by using whole cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a substrate. Complex media were required for production, and a Casein Hydroly...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.104.1.227-233.1970
更新日期:1970-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP-dependent glucokinase is suggested to have evolved from a hypothetical polyphosphate (polyP)-dependent glucokinase (polyP-GK) via a bifunctional polyP/ATP glucokinase (polyP/ATP-GK). Here we showed that polyP-GK is present in a polyP-accumulating bacterium, Microlunatus phosphovorus. The polyP-GK produced glucose-...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.18.5654-5656.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane fragments containing diacyl phospholipids were released from viable cells of Haemophilus parainfluenzae during incubation in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)- tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer. The phospholipids located in the part of the membrane that was released during the EDTA-Tris treat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.103.2.329-334.1970
更新日期:1970-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antigenic specificity of Listeria monocytogenes types I, II, III, IVa, and IVb was studied by immunochemical techniques. Immunologically active carbohydrates of the various types were extracted from cell walls and were chemically analyzed. Types I and II contained predominantly glucosamine and rhamnose; type III, ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.98.2.486-493.1969
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding the ADP-ribosyltransferase (A1) fragment of cholera enterotoxin was determined. A putative precursor of the A1 peptide contains an 18-amino acid leader peptide, and the mature A1 peptide contains 194 amino acids. The primary structure of the A1 fragment from cholera enteroto...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.159.3.1086-1089.1984
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms by which hyperthermophilic Archaea, such as "Pyrococcus abyssi" and Pyrococcus furiosus, survive high doses of ionizing gamma irradiation are not thoroughly elucidated. Following gamma-ray irradiation at 2,500 Gy, the restoration of "P. abyssi" chromosomes took place within chromosome fragmentation. DNA...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.13.3958-3961.2003
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the fimbrial subunit protein of Bacteroides gingivalis 381, fimbrilin, has been cloned and sequenced. The gene was present as a single copy on the bacterial chromosome, and the codon usage in the gene conformed closely to that expected for an abundant protein. The predicted size of the mature protein...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.170.4.1658-1665.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen fixation occurs in two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. We have characterized a nif (nitrogen fixation) gene cluster in the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. Sequence analysis revealed eight genes, six with sequence similarity to known nif genes and two with sequence similarity to glnB. The gene ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.6.1504-1511.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfate transport capacity was not regulated by cysteine, methionine, or glutathione in Pseudomonas halodurans, but growth on sulfate or thiosulfate suppressed transport. Subsequent sulfur starvation of cultures grown on all sulfur sources except glutathione stimulated uptake. Only methionine failed to regulate sulfat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.147.2.340-349.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spores of Bacillus subtilis show remarkable resistance to many environmental stresses, due in part to the presence of an outer proteinaceous structure known as the spore coat. GerQ is a spore coat protein essential for the presence of CwlJ, an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the cortex during spore germinatio...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.17.5567-5575.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 22-kilobase fragment of the Escherichia coli chromosome which contains the genes for translation initiation factor 3, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, and threonyl-tRNA synthetase was cloned into plasmid pACYC184. The hybrid plasmid (designated pID1) complements a temperature-sensitive pheS lesion in E. coli NP37. pID1...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::PhoB is the response regulator of the Pho regulon. It is composed of two distinct domains, an N-terminal receiver domain and a C-terminal output domain that binds DNA and interacts with sigma(70) to activate transcription of the Pho regulon. Phosphorylation of the receiver domain is required for activation of the prot...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.23.6592-6597.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two related killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mutagenized and screened for nonkiller variants. About 20% of the mutants derived from one strain lacked all detectable double-straned ribonucleic acid (dsRNA). About 70% of the mutants from the other strain lacked one of the dsRNA species normally associated...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.132.1.346-348.1977
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.) and Guy P. Youmans. Effect of mycosuppressin on the respiration and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 84:708-715. 1962.-A substance, called mycosuppressin, was found in the lungs of guinea pigs and rabbits vaccinated with BCG or...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.84.4.708-715.1962
更新日期:1962-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Multiple essential small GTPases are involved in the assembly of the ribosome or in the control of its activity. Among them, ObgE (CgtA) has been shown recently to act as a ribosome antiassociation factor that binds to ppGpp, a regulator whose best-known target is RNA polymerase. The present study was aimed ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00159-16
更新日期:2016-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The sequential morphological events in spore formation by Clostridium perfringens type D were observed in Ellner's medium where 80 to 100% of the cells formed spores. Gross structural changes were studied with the light microscope under phase-contrast, and in fixed cells by the use of both nigrosin and Giemsa preparat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.96.5.1818-1834.1968
更新日期:1968-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the characterization of three new transcription units expressed during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Two of the units, cse15 and cse60, were mapped at about 123 degrees and 62 degrees on the genetic map, respectively. Their transcription commenced around h 2 of sporulation and showed an absolute requi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.2.389-398.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::PsaA, the subunit of the fimbria originally referred to as the "pH 6 antigen," is required for full virulence of Yersinia pestis during bubonic plague. The expression of psaA is dependent upon specific environmental signals, and while the signals (high temperature and acidic pH) are defined, the mechanisms underlying ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00217-19
更新日期:2019-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Theophylline, aminophylline, and isobutylmethylxanthine, compounds reported to be inhibitors of adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase, prevented the alpha-factor-induced cell cycle arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a cells. To determine whether the in vivo effect of these methylxanthines on yeast pheromo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.148.3.919-925.1981
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The virulence factors of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus sobrinus have been difficult to assess because of a lack of tools for the genetic manipulation of this organism. The construction of an Escherichia coli-Streptococcus shuttle vector, pDL289, that can be mobilized into S. sobrinus by the conjugative plasmi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.17.5028-5034.1995
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes a type III secretion system (T3SS) to evade phagocytosis and damage eukaryotic cells. Transcription of the T3SS regulon is controlled by ExsA, a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. These family members generally consist of an approxim...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00002-09
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new insertion element, IS1549, was identified serendipitously from Mycobacterium smegmatis LR222 during experiments using a vector designed to detect the excision of IS6110 from between the promoter region and open reading frame (ORF) of an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene. Six of the kanamycin-resistant isola...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.5.1037-1043.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oleandomycin, a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces antibioticus, contains two sugars attached to the aglycon: L-oleandrose and D-desosamine. oleY codes for a methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of L-oleandrose. This gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli to form inclusion bodies and in Strept...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.183.18.5358-5363.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An earlier study of the regulation of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in Bacillus subtilis (Deshpande et al., Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95:55--60, 1980) revealed an inverse relationship between the specific activity of this essential ammonia-assimilatory enzyme and the intracellular pool of glutamine: GOGAT activity de...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.145.2.768-774.1981
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00