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Choline and polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants' maternal milk.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Choline, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) are essential to fetal development, particularly of the brain. These components are actively enriched in the fetus. Deprivation from placental supply may therefore result in impaired accretion in preterm infants. OBJECTIVE:To determine choline, choline metabolites, DHA, and ARA in human breast milk (BM) of preterm infants compared to BM of term born infants. DESIGN:We collected expressed BM samples from 34 mothers (N = 353; postnatal day 6-85), who had delivered 35 preterm infants undergoing neonatal intensive care (postmenstrual age 30 weeks, range 25.4-32.0), and from mothers after term delivery (N = 9; postnatal day 6-118). Target metabolites were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography and reported as medians and 25th/75th percentiles. RESULTS:In BM, choline was mainly present in the form of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine, followed by free choline, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and lyso-phosphatidylcholine. In preterm infants' BM total choline ranged from 61 to 360 mg/L (median: 158 mg/L) and was decreased compared to term infants' BM (range 142-343 mg/L; median: 258 mg/L; p < 0.01). ARA and DHA comprised 0.81 (range: 0.46-1.60) and 0.43 (0.15-2.42) % of total preterm BM lipids, whereas term BM values were 0.68 (0.52-0.88) and 0.35 (0.18-0.75) %, respectively. Concentrations of all target parameters decreased after birth, and frequently 150 ml/kg/d BM did not meet the estimated fetal accretion rates. CONCLUSIONS:Following preterm delivery, BM choline concentrations are lower, whereas ARA and DHA levels are comparable versus term delivery. Based on these findings we suggest a combined supplementation of preterm infants' BM with choline, ARA and DHA combined to improve the nutritional status of preterm infants. STUDY REGISTRATION:This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01773902.

journal_name

Eur J Nutr

journal_title

European journal of nutrition

authors

Maas C,Franz AR,Shunova A,Mathes M,Bleeker C,Poets CF,Schleicher E,Bernhard W

doi

10.1007/s00394-016-1220-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-06-01 00:00:00

pages

1733-1742

issue

eissn

1436-6207

issn

1436-6215

pii

10.1007/s00394-016-1220-2

journal_volume

pub_type

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Choline and polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants' maternal milk.