Abstract：
:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, presumably related to a greater burden of atherosclerosis, as well as atherosclerotic plaques that tend to be inflamed and rupture prone. Many of the inflammatory pathways underlying the pathobiology of RA are also recognized contributors to atherosclerosis. Immunomodulation is the mainstay for RA therapy, and a variety of biologic and non-biologic pharmacotherapies are used either singly or in combination to control articular and systemic inflammation and prevent joint destruction. Almost all of these agents have theoretical potential to favorably affect atherogenesis and atherothrombosis, but mechanisms by which they exert effects have been incompletely studied, to date. However, whether clinical control of RA disease activity is associated with a reduction in CVD events regardless of agent used or whether the potency of anti-atherogenic effects varies between disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is an area of current interest in RA research. More broadly, RA immunotherapies are currently being tested in high-CVD-risk patients in proof-of-concept clinical trials that could alter the paradigm for CVD treatment and prevention in the general population. In this review, we will summarize the current evidence ascribing atheroprotective effects to RA pharmacotherapies.
journal_name
Curr Rheumatol Repjournal_title
Current rheumatology reportsauthors
Giles JTdoi
10.1007/s11926-016-0578-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
27issue
5eissn
1523-3774issn
1534-6307pii
10.1007/s11926-016-0578-8journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. Few clinical trials have been conducted in myositis, making it difficult to provide clear recommendations on the treatment of these rare disorders. Although corticosteroids have not b...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-011-0172-z
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apatite crystals form in physiologically calcified tissues, including the hyaline cartilage of the epiphyseal growth plate. While apatite crystals appear as unwanted deposits in other cartilage sites, more frequently, crystalline materials other than or in addition to apatite develop in dystrophic cartilage deposits. ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0072-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gout and hyperuricemia have long been suspected to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, studies have frequently failed to distinguish whether these entities have an independent effect on cardiovascular risk or serve as markers for other risk factors. In vitro and animal studies suggest that uric acid i...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0084-3
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the complement system plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For the past several decades, quantifying this process has focused primarily on determination of serum C3 and C4, although the utility of these assays for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity is...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-004-0012-5
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease affecting the physical, social, and psychological well-being of patients. Different instruments have been developed to measure health-related quality of life, some of which are SLE-specific. Contributors to poor quality of life in patients with SLE include fatigu...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0114-1
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in imaging ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related spondyloarthropathies has increased in recent years. MRI is regarded as the most sensitive imaging modality to detect early inflammatory lesions in the sacroiliac joints and in the spine. Standard radiography plays a major role in evaluating potential disease...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-007-0057-3
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a paraneoplastic syndrome resulting in renal phosphate wasting and decreased bone mineralization. TIO is usually induced by small, slowly growing tumors of mesenchymal origin (phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variant [PMTMCT]). Nonspecific symptoms including fa...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-015-0512-5
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pediatric rheumatologist cares for children who may have a wide variety of causes of musculoskeletal pain. These include such diverse conditions as arthritis, low-back pain, hypermobility, metabolic bone pain, and amplified pain syndromes such as complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia. This review examine...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-000-0072-0
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) may serve as surrogate end points for disease outcome and can provide insights into disease susceptibility and natural history. Biomarkers could relate to diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis, therapeutic response, and comorbidities. The "felt need" is, however, in the development...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0107-0
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases whose main clinical feature is inflammation of the axial spine. Articular, periarticular, and extra-articular manifestations can also occur, depending on the type of spondyloarthritis. The most common clinical subsets of SpA are ankylosing spondylit...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-013-0347-x
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) plays a critical role in the development of tissue fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in affected organs and correlates with increased extracellular matrix deposition. During the last few years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular a...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0010-4
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent human genetic discoveries have increased our understanding of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies have expanded the number of validated RA risk loci beyond HLA-DRB1 "shared epitope" alleles to include additional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) risk alleles and more t...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-009-0050-0
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the most obvious manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve inflammation and damage in the synovial joints, the systemic effects of the condition are widespread and life-threatening. Of particular interest is the 'lipid paradox' of RA, where patients with a numerically equivocal starting lipid profile h...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-015-0534-z
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization criteria for classification of bone mineral density (BMD) cannot be applied to premenopausal women because the relationship between BMD and fracture risk is not the same as in postmenopausal women. Approximately 2.5% of premenopausal women have BMD that is more than 2.0 standard deviation...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0008-9
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uric acid nephrolithiasis is typically found in individuals with a low urine pH and a normal concentration of urinary uric acid. Patients with a history of gout are at greater risk of forming uric acid stones, as are patients with obesity, diabetes, or the complete metabolic syndrome. The unifying renal tubular abnorm...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-007-0040-z
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) has been estimated to be 2.9 cases per 1 million people, with a female preponderance, although female-to-male ratio varies from different geographic areas. A high frequency of haplotype A24-B52-DR2 has been found in Japanese patients, without this association in other populat...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0021-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the study is to briefly review the molecular mechanisms that leads to structural damage in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), defined as new bone formation resulting in complete or incomplete ankylosis of the spine, and the impact of treatment with biologics to retard this process. RECENT FI...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0644-x
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiologic studies of pediatric rheumatologic disease are becoming increasingly focused on subfields of epidemiology. Genetic epidemiology is assuming an ever-greater role in the understanding of disease risks and pathogenesis. Such studies involve major histocompatibility complex, cytokine gene polymorphisms, T ce...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-003-0056-y
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenic mechanisms in Behçet's syndrome are largely unknown. An autoantigen role for human leukocyte antigen B51 has been proposed. The reasons behind the thrombophilia are also not clear. Endothelial pathology could be the main culprit. The recently proposed association between familial Mediterranean fever and...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-003-0066-9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:We will address current treatment and unmet needs in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), examine existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and consider options for new trial designs and challenges in their implementation. RECENT FINDINGS:While therapeutic options for PsA have rapidly increased, there ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0642-z
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many lines of evidence suggest that autoimmune diseases result from chronic immune activation following environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. A genetic basis for autoimmunity is supported by twin and family studies, candidate gene investigations, animal models, and whole genome microsatellite...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-000-0080-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of gout appears to be rapidly increasing worldwide and is no longer a disorder suffered primarily by over-fed alcohol consumers. Emerging risk factors include longevity, metabolic syndrome, and new classes of pharmacologic agents. In some ethnic populations, no obvious risk factors can explain the high ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-996-0028-0
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with a hypercoagulable state leading to a wide variety of systemic manifestations and obstetric complications. The different pathologic manifestations can be a result of arterial and venous thrombosis, microthrombotic angiopathy, embolization, obstetric disease, and non-throm...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-006-0051-1
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute and chronic gout are common complications following organ transplantation. Risk factors include those shared with the general population (eg, diuretic use) and transplant-specific risk factors (eg, cyclosporine). Clinical features of gout are similar to those seen in the general population, although tophi may be...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0235-9
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent clinical development programs for new therapeutic agents in rheumatoid arthritis have included assessment of radiographic progression comparing changes with treatment to placebo and active controls. Studies now use reliable methods of assessment and sufficient study length to detect radiographic changes. Althou...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0050-1
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erosive osteoarthritis (OA) is a subcategory of OA in which destructive changes occur in the joints, probably as a result of a combination of inflammatory inciters and phenomena. The major changes occur in the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, root joints of the thumb, and less commonly other hand and centri...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0062-x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical femur fractures are rare but a growing concern, as they are more common in patients who use bisphosphonates. The best radiology-based studies have had access to only short-term exposure data, while the studies using prescription databases with substantial long-term data did not have access to radiology report...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0241-y
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance, mobilizing immune activation in response to microbial invasion and promoting wound healing to repair damaged tissue. However, failure to resolve macrophage activation can lead to chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and ultimately...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-019-0831-z
更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasculitis is defined as inflammation of blood vessels and can affect multiple organs. Several classification systems exist to categorize vasculitis such as vessel size, presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, pathogenesis of the inflammation, and type of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Cutaneous vasculitis oc...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0037-4
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigations used to diagnose an inflammatory muscle disease include history and physical examination, evaluation of serum levels of enzymes derived from skeletal muscle, electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, and muscle histology. The evaluation of patients who may have noninflammatory myopathy includes,...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0035-0
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
