Abstract：
:Activation of the complement system plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For the past several decades, quantifying this process has focused primarily on determination of serum C3 and C4, although the utility of these assays for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity is still debated. During this same timespan, knowledge of the complement system has exploded, with identification of more than 30 proteins, an abundance of newly recognized functions, and even a third pathway of activation. These advances suggest that it is appropriate to revisit the complement system as a potential source of biomarkers for SLE. This paper reviews briefly the role of complement in SLE and other inflammatory diseases, discusses conventional methods for complement measurement and their drawbacks, and focuses on recent advancements in harnessing the complement system for monitoring SLE. Specifically, novel assays that measure cell-bound complement activation products are introduced and their utility as biomarkers of SLE disease activity is discussed.
journal_name
Curr Rheumatol Repjournal_title
Current rheumatology reportsauthors
Liu CC,Manzi S,Danchenko N,Ahearn JMdoi
10.1007/s11926-004-0012-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
375-81issue
5eissn
1523-3774issn
1534-6307journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Management of the pregnant patient with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) is reviewed, with emphasis on recent randomized controlled clinical trials. These support the use of subcutaneous heparin and low dose aspirin, current standard therapy for women with aPL and a history of fetal loss. Prednisone is rarely used due ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0021-6
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory process involving primarily the exocrine glands. Its association with lymphoma is well documented. A low-grade marginal-zone lymphoma related to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is the most common lymphoid neoplasia in Sjögren's syndrome. Among all autoimmune diseases, Sjö...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-003-0011-y
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) is not uniform across geographical regions and ethnic and racial groups, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors affect the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition, genetic factors affect not only the clin...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-014-0428-5
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of gout appears to be rapidly increasing worldwide and is no longer a disorder suffered primarily by over-fed alcohol consumers. Emerging risk factors include longevity, metabolic syndrome, and new classes of pharmacologic agents. In some ethnic populations, no obvious risk factors can explain the high ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-996-0028-0
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large epidemiologic studies of gout can improve insight into the etiology, pathology, impact, and management of the disease. Identification of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, but its application is often not possible in large studies. Therefore, under such circumsta...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11926-010-0157-3
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that are most studied for their function in mediating T-cell tolerance and T-cell activation. In addition, recent evidence indicates that dendritic cells can regulate the vasculature and function of fibroblast-type cells. The potential contribution of dendritic...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-011-0215-5
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to have a worse prognosis than adult-onset disease, and monitoring and treatment of the disease are still a challenge. Thus, there is an urgent need for highly reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of relapses, to avoid long-term complications and t...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0312-0
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several entities have been carefully investigated for the symptomatic and structural management of osteoarthritis. The most compelling evidence of a potential for inhibiting the structural progression of osteoarthritis has been obtained with glucosamine sulfate, while some preliminary results also suggest that chondro...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-000-0023-9
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this study was to highlight recent findings on evaluation for lung transplantation and outcomes after transplantation in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). RECENT FINDINGS:The recognition that extra-pulmonary disease manifestations can seriously compromise post-transplant ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0650-z
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To date, most studies examining cell death during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) have focused on death of chondrocytes and have primarily examined advanced stages of the disease. Very good evidence suggests that chondrocyte death does occur at some point in the pathogenesis of OA and that it can be due to apop...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-008-0007-8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization criteria for classification of bone mineral density (BMD) cannot be applied to premenopausal women because the relationship between BMD and fracture risk is not the same as in postmenopausal women. Approximately 2.5% of premenopausal women have BMD that is more than 2.0 standard deviation...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0008-9
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) has been estimated to be 2.9 cases per 1 million people, with a female preponderance, although female-to-male ratio varies from different geographic areas. A high frequency of haplotype A24-B52-DR2 has been found in Japanese patients, without this association in other populat...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-002-0021-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urate is the major inert end product of purine degradation in higher primates in contrast to most other mammals because of the genetic silencing of hepatic oxidative enzyme uricase. The kidney plays a dominant role in urate elimination. The kidney excretes 70% of the daily urate production. Therefore, it is important ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-996-0044-0
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by inflammation and new bone formation in the spine and entheses. The disease is the result of a complex interplay among susceptibility genes, microbial triggers, inflammation of bone marrow, and the enthesial structures and new bone formation. This article gives a conceptual o...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11926-011-0202-x
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Delphi Technique and Nominal Group Technique are two well-recognized consensus-formation methodologies specifically designed to combine judgments from a group of experts. The Delphi Technique utilizes a series of well-defined questionnaire-based surveys, whereas Nominal Group Technique is a structured face-to-face...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-008-0025-6
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of B cell-targeted biologics represents a major advance in the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. As with other immunosuppressive agents, risk of infection is a key clinical concern. This review summarises safety data from 15 years of experience of rituximab in autoimmune diseases with a parti...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-015-0539-7
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until recently, imaging evaluation of osteoarthritis has relied primarily on conventional radiography. Using radiography in clinical practice or clinical research, however, has been fraught with difficulty. Techniques for reproducibly acquiring serial radiographs of joints have improved considerably over the past seve...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-006-0020-8
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone is not structurally normal in osteoarthritis (OA). Periarticular bone in OA has increased turnover, decreased bone mineral content and stiffness, and decreased trabecular numbers. The increased turnover of collagen, in particular, may affect the biomechanical competence of bone and is driven by a number of proces...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-003-0078-5
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, presumably related to a greater burden of atherosclerosis, as well as atherosclerotic plaques that tend to be inflamed and rupture prone. Many of the inflammatory pathways underlying the pathobiology of RA are also r...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-016-0578-8
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the relationship between obesity, osteoarthritis, arthroplasty outcomes, and the potential use of bariatric surgery to improve these outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Unfortunately, the findings in the currently available literature evaluating the...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-018-0717-5
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been known for some time that central nervous system (CNS) pain amplification is present in some individuals with osteoarthritis; the implications of this involvement, however, are just starting to be realized. In the past year, several research reviews have focused on evidence supporting shared mechanisms acro...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-012-0285-z
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The normal process of aging brings about changes in immune function, hormonal status, overall metabolism, and enhanced occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders. These alterations are also evident at an accelerating pace in chronic inflammatory diseases. Treatment with immunosuppressive therapeutics is often not suffic...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-005-0027-6
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although there are screening tests for PAH, such as carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and Doppler echocardiography, these tests are far from perfect, patients are still identified late in the course of disease, and the un...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-009-0013-5
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent clinical development programs for new therapeutic agents in rheumatoid arthritis have included assessment of radiographic progression comparing changes with treatment to placebo and active controls. Studies now use reliable methods of assessment and sufficient study length to detect radiographic changes. Althou...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-001-0050-1
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many lines of evidence suggest that autoimmune diseases result from chronic immune activation following environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. A genetic basis for autoimmunity is supported by twin and family studies, candidate gene investigations, animal models, and whole genome microsatellite...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-000-0080-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, painful joint disease that affects approximately 40% of adults over 70 year. Age is the strongest predictor of OA, while obesity is considered the primary preventable risk factor for OA. Both conditions are associated with abnormal innate immune inflammatory respo...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0672-6
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our growing understanding of the immune response mechanism has created a wave of novel biologic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The domain of biologic agents includes: 1) Recombinant regulatory cytokines; 2) engineered molecules and monoclonal antibodies that target proinflammatory cytokines; 3) mono...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-999-0013-5
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seronegative spondyloarthropathies comprise a group of inflammatory arthritides, which consists of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome), enteropathic arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. All of them share common laboratory, clinical, and imaging findings, ...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-004-0054-8
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic, disabling disease for which therapies have been borrowed from rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis. Traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain the first choice for the treatment of peripheral arthritis despite scarce evidence of their efficacy or ability to halt...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11926-009-0038-9
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has become increasingly prevalent in the last decade not only across the southern hemisphere but also, because of a recently documented viral mutation, in southern Europe and the USA. With the global spread of CHIKV infection, practitioners should know its epidemiol...
journal_title：Current rheumatology reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11926-017-0694-0
更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00
