Abstract:
:Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent causing blistering, inflammation and ulceration of the skin. Thiol compounds such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been suggested as potential antidotes. We investigated SM toxicity in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and used GSH and NAC to counteract its cytotoxic effects. Cells were treated with 1, 5 or 10mM GSH or NAC and exposed to 30, 100 or 300μM SM. Different treatment regimens were applied to model extra- and intra-cellular GSH/NAC effects on SM toxicity. Necrosis, apoptosis and interleukin-6 and -8 levels were determined 24h post-exposure. Necrosis and apoptosis increased with SM dose. Interleukin-6 and -8 production peaked at 100μM and decreased at 300μM probably due to reduced ability for interleukin biosynthesis. Intracellular GSH/NAC diminished necrosis induced by 100μM SM. Extracellular GSH/NAC protected against necrosis and apoptosis induced by 100 and 300μM SM. Interleukin-6 and -8 production, induced by 100μM SM was reduced by GSH/NAC. However, low-dose GSH/NAC treatment of cells exposed to 300μM SM led to increased interleukin production. Thus, moderately poisoned cells are mostly responsible for SM-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. GSH and NAC treatment can reduce SM-induced toxic effects. Protective effects were more pronounced by extracellular GSH or NAC administration. Rescue of severely poisoned cells may result in a strong secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines. In summary, thiol compounds such as GSH or NAC constitute a promising approach to improve the therapy for SM injury. Additional intervention to prevent adverse effects of interleukin production might be beneficial.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Balszuweit F,Menacher G,Schmidt A,Kehe K,Popp T,Worek F,Thiermann H,Steinritz Ddoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-26 00:00:00pages
35-43eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(15)30042-4journal_volume
244pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce a broad spectrum of toxic effects in various organs including bone. The most susceptible age-groups to the toxic effects of PCBs are foetuses and infants. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate changes in bone geometry, mineral density and biomec...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.003
更新日期:2011-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of C57Bl mice to 10 ppm benzene (the current occupational exposure limit) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week causes a progressive depression in the in vitro colony forming ability of one of the erythroid progenitor cells, the colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E). Colony growth of cells from exposed mice was only 5% of...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90169-3
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dichloromethane (DCM) elimination and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) generation were examined in adult female SD rats pretreated with a glutathione (GSH) depletor(s). Rats were treated with either buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; 2 mmol/kg, i.p.), diethylmaleate (DEM; 3 mmol/kg, i.p.), phorone (PHO; 1 mmol/kg, i.p.) or BSO plus...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00523-9
更新日期:2002-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::We recently showed in a rat model of dichromate-induced acute renal failure (ARF) that the elimination but not the distribution of pralidoxime was altered resulting in sustained plasma pralidoxime concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of pralidoxime in normal and acute renal failure rats ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.020
更新日期:2009-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term excessive intake of fluoride (F) could lead to chronic fluorosis. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, present study is designed to elucidate the effect of fluoride on proteome expression of bone in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated SD rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.006
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was administered to mice, from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to the weaning of the F2 generation, in the diet at levels of 0 (control), 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, and 0.405%, and some reproductive and neurobehavioural parameters were measured. There was no consistent significant effect o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(93)90011-l
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanolamine, a positively charged hydrophilic component of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is also a precursor of phosphatidylcholine (PC), enhances the repair processes 24 h after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of mouse liver. Ethanolamine quickly reduced aminotransferase activity released in the s...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00112-4
更新日期:1998-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing industrial use of nanoparticles (NPs) has raised concerns about their impact on human health. Since aging and exposure to environmental factors are linked to the risk for developing pathologies, we address the question of TiO2 NPs toxicokinetics in the context of a realistic occupational exposure. We re...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.009
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer, but how PD regulates cancer development remains unknown. In our study, the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) on hepatoma was explored in a rotenone-induced PD model both in vitro and in vivo....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.019
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TMDT) is a synthetic neurotoxic rodenticide and potential chemical threat agent. Signs of TMDT poisoning include convulsions which can progress into status epilepticus and death. Although clinical reports clearly show that poisoning via food and drink is the main route of exposure, expe...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.014
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested that inhaled ultrafine particles are able to translocate into the bloodstre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.006
更新日期:2008-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable cofactor for many enzymes and a basic factor for many reproductive and metabolic pathways. However, exposure to high concentrations of Mn can result in deleterious effects on the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, including nerves associated with the auditory system. Based...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.903
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) oxidised sulphydryl groups in glyceraldenyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with loss of the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme. 5-Hydroxydopamine behaved similarly at higher concentrations. This oxidation was accompanied by a transient rise in the acyl phosphatase (non-p...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00013-9
更新日期:2002-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental toxicants such as methylmercury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental exposure to methylmercury frequently occurs at low doses, most frequently through fish consumption. Although the general population is at risk for exposure, pregnant women and youn...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.002
更新日期:2013-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic that effectively treats infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but its clinical use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and to further characterize the mechanisms ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.018
更新日期:2016-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Free fatty acids (FFA), commonly elevated in diabetes and obesity, have been shown to impair endothelial functions and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Anthocyanins represent one of the most important and interesting classes of flavonoids and seem to play a role in preventing cardiovascula...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.020
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, we evaluated the regulation of ROS and COX-2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF. CPF treatment produced cytotoxic effects that appeared to involve an increase in ROS. In addition, CPF treatment activated...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.003
更新日期:2013-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenal weight and the concentration of corticosterone and glucose in plasma of male Wistar rats, dosed orally with fenitrothion (7.25 or 14.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days were investigated. A significant increase in the relative weight of adrenals was observed 2 weeks after treatment commenced, but was preceded by an incre...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90126-6
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazinon, in acute doses (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats produced tremors and convulsions with lactic acidosis which was accompanied by depletion of glycogen and activation of glycogen phosphorylase activity in triceps and diaphragm muscles, 2 h after its administration. Prevention of convulsions with phenobarbitone administ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90140-8
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aliesterases (carboxylesterases, EC 3.1.1.1) are serine esterases which may protect acetylcholinesterase during organophosphorus insecticide intoxication by providing alternative phosphorylation sites. Levels of hepatic aliesterase activity were investigated after the intraperitoneal administration of beta-naphthoflav...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90108-2
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The separation and determination of 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) in bovine urine by reverse-phase HPLC is described. The method utilizes a rapid ethyl acetate extraction and this clean-up step also improves the chromatographic resolution of NPA in bovine plasma. A simple colorimetric method is also developed for the ra...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90013-c
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) influences sympathetic nerve activity, serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were analyzed in 84 male workers exposed to TCE and 83 male age-matched controls. The workers were exposed to about 22 ppm TCE in air. There were no significant ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90187-q
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the applicability of the micronucleus (MN) and G2 assays as biomarkers of in vitro radiosensitivity and cancer susceptibility, we investigated the inter- and intra-individual variation of these endpoints. For the MN assay unstimulated blood cultures from 57 healthy donors were exposed in vitro to 3....
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.044
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of evidence suggests HIV patients are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerosis. However, clinical investigations have generated conflicting results with regard to whether antiretrovirals are independently involved in the development of HIV-associated atherosclerosis. By administering antiretrovi...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.017
更新日期:2009-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::1,2-Dioxetanes, very reactive and high energy molecules, are involved as labile intermediates in dioxygenase-activated aerobic metabolism and in physiological processes. Various toxicological tests reveal that dioxetanes are indeed genotoxic. In supercoiled DNA of bacteriophage PM2 they induce endonuclease-sensitive s...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(93)90045-y
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dithiocarbamate propineb and maneb are organometal fungicides, which are widely used for the control of diseases in plants. Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 200 and 400 ppm propineb and 250 ppm maneb, from the sixth day of gestation up to birth. We found that the body weights of both one-day old litters and t...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00128-3
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, spli...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1
更新日期:2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Rats (Fisher, Wistar, Donryu and Sprague-Dawley strains) were exposed to 5 approximately 3500 ppm toluene for 8 h, and urine samples were analyzed for hippuric acid and cresols. While hippuric acid increased in proportion to the exposure concentration, a sharp increase in o-cresol excretion was observed at high toluen...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90134-6
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse inbred strains with inherited predisposition and resistance to lung cancer provide an essential tool for the dissection of the genetics of this complex disease. We have previously mapped a major locus (Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1, Pas1) affecting inherited predisposition to lung cancer in mice on chromoso...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00232-5
更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00