Abstract：
:Short-term exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested that inhaled ultrafine particles are able to translocate into the bloodstream. To gain more insight into this potential mechanism, we studied the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP, 0.02 and 0.1mg/kg), 48h following their intravenous administration, on systemic inflammation and both pulmonary and cardiac morphological alterations in rats. The intravenous administration of DEP (0.1mg/kg) triggered systemic inflammation characterized by an increase of monocyte and granulocyte numbers. Both doses of DEP caused a reduction of the number of red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of RBC after in vitro incubation (5microg/ml) or in vivo administration of DEP, revealed the presence of ultrafine-sized aggregates of DEP within the RBC. Larger aggregates were also taken up by the RBC. Moreover, while the myocardial morphology and capillary bed were not affected by DEP exposure, the lungs of rats exposed to DEP (0.02 and 0.1mg/kg) showed clear evidence of inflammation, characterized by neutrophils infiltration. Stereological analysis revealed an increase in interalveolar wall thickness and a decrease in numbers of alveolar sacs per unit area of lung parenchyma of rat exposed to DEP. We conclude that 48h after their systemic administration, DEP cause systemic and pulmonary morphological alterations.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Nemmar A,Inuwa IMdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.09.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-04 00:00:00pages
20-30issue
1eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(07)00960-5journal_volume
176pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a disinfection by-product of chlorination of drinking water. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to CAN on fetal liver in mice. Based on an initial dose-response experiment, CAN (25mg/(kgday)) was given orally to pregnant mice at ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.867
更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans are typically exposed to mixtures of substances, whereby their bioactivity can be significantly altered by co-occurring compounds. Thus, over the last years, research on combinatory effects has gained increasing attention. In particular, several xenoestrogens have been recently reported to interact synergistica...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.025
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve agent toxicity is primarily due to the synaptic build up of toxic levels of acetylcholine. The acute lethal effects of the nerve agents are generally attributed to respiratory failure caused by a combination of effects at both central and peripheral levels and are further complicated by copious secretions, muscl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.022
更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:When considering the state of the art in toxicology from an analytical perspective, the key developments relate to three major areas. (1) Forensic horizon: Today forensic analysis has broadened its scope dramatically, to include workplace toxicology, drug abuse testing, drugs and driving, doping, environmental and vet...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00293-8
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant protection products have to be evaluated and authorized in the EC-Member States since 1993 in accordance with Directive 91/414/EEC. The programme for evaluating existing active substances (which were on the market before July 1993) involves several steps and stages, stretching over a period of up to formerly 10,...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.053
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of halothane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) on the P450 system in olfactory and hepatic microsomes of bovine and rat have been investigated. In the in vitro experiments, all three compounds decreased olfactory CYP-dependent activities in microsome...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00323-x
更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We reported earlier that the activation of free-radical-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cascade is the major pathway in the inflammatory lung disease induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a mustard gas analog. TNF-alpha induces activating protein 1 (AP-1) activation via phosphorylation of mit...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.005
更新日期：2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Caloric restriction is known to reduce chemically-induced tumor incidence in laboratory animals. The effect is believed to be mediated in part by modification of hepatic drug metabolism, including both phase I and phase II enzymes. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model carcinogen, we studied the effect of caloric restr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90150-i
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a clear association between betel nut chewing and an increased risk for oral mucosal lesions. Arecoline, the most abundant betel alkaloid, is considered the most important etiologic factor in betel nuts. In addition, most betel nut chewers are also smokers. In order to elucida...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00262-9
更新日期：2000-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Hsp90, p23 and other chaperosome proteins are critical for the function of several enzymes and steroid hormone receptors. The dioxin receptor (DR) is an Hsp90-regulated transcription factor that binds numerous toxic ligands, including the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin. We used a yeast m...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00465-9
更新日期：2002-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a highly reactive industrial chemical is a leading cause of occupational asthma in westernized countries. It has also been reported to be a skin sensitizer in mice and guinea pigs although instances of skin sensitivity in humans are rare. It is uncertain if skin-contact is necessary to init...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00325-3
更新日期：2001-04-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of vitamin C on acute paracetamol poisoning were studied in mice. Given orally at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, either simultaneously or 2 h after the oral administration of 875 mg/kg of paracetamol, vitamin C did not cause any decrease in the mortality rate. In similar conditions in previous experiments methionin...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90086-3
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oltipraz (OPZ) is a known inducer of glutathione S-transferases and a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2. Given the detoxification characteristics of this compound, the transcriptional effects of OPZ, along with the related naturally occurring compounds 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and sulforaphane (SF...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.006
更新日期：2004-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The popularity of new and emerging tobacco products such as E-cigarettes (E-cigs) is rapidly expanding worldwide. However, uncertainties surrounding the potential health consequences due to the use of such products exist and warrant further study. METHODS:Cultured A549 and Calu-3 airway epithelia were expose...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.017
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ethanol intake can increase the sedative effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), although the real clinical impact is unknown. We studied the clinical impact of the co-ingestion of ethanol in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute toxicity related to GHB/GBL us...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Inorganic arsenic has strong human carcinogenic potential, but the availability of an animal model to study toxicity is extremely limited. Here, we used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(k18(2.9):RFP) as an animal model to study arsenite toxicity. This line was chosen because the red fluorescent protein (RFP) is expres...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.024
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the present study was to identify the polychlorinated biphenyl congeners of Aroclor 1254 that are responsible for the induction of the cytosolic bioactivation of aromatic amines. Various chlorobiphenyls, ranging from di- to hexa-substituted, were administered to rats and the ability of the hepatic cyt...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00042-8
更新日期：1997-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known in humans and mouse models, that drinking water exposures to arsenite (As+3) leads to immunotoxicity. Previously, our group showed that certain types of immune cells are extremely sensitive to arsenic induced genotoxicity. In order to see if cells from different immune organs have differential sensitivitie...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetics and some effects of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) in humans. Nine male volunteers were experimentally exposed to 500ppm HFC-143a for 2h during light physical exercise (50W) in an exposure chamber. Blood, urine and exhaled air were sampled before, during and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.010
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reliability of human scalp hair as an indicator of mercury vapour exposure is contentious. In this study mercury concentrations in hair were compared with those in blood and urine of 20 dental students during their first "occupational" exposure to mercury vapour. Samples were collected before, at the end of the te...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(96)03741-1
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemotherapy resistance represents a major problem for the treatment of patients with lung carcinomas. Parthenolide (PN), a naturally occurring small molecule found in herb feverfew, has been used in clinical treatment. Although its importance in treating the chemotherapy resistance has been shown, the pharmacological...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.215
更新日期：2013-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Although formaldehyde (FA) has been classified as a human leukemogen, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis remain elusive. Previously, using colony-forming assays in semi-solid media, we showed that FA exposure in vivo and in vitro was toxic to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, we have appli...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.028
更新日期：2014-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:In connection with extensive health studies of employees from two big central waste disposal sites, cytogenetic investigations were performed. The subject of these special analyses was to examine whether the complex mixture of pollutants from waste disposal sites comprises a genotoxic hazardous potential. Cytogenetic ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00062-9
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:20 non-smokers on a defined diet low in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in an unventilated room for 8 h. The urinary mutagenicity in the 24-h urine samples as tested with the Salmonella (TA98) microsome assay did not significantly increase after exposure to eith...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90098-1
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin-D were studied in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerves of rats at 24 h or 10 days after daily i.p. administration of 50 mg/kg acrylamide. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin-D in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerves remained unaffected on single exposure bu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90068-7
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The changes in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution were investigated 72 hr after a subcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg Cd2+/kg as CdCl2H2O to normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Partial hepatectomy had no effect on native metallothionein content. Cadmium and MT content ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90195-3
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syrian golden hamsters are much more susceptible than Wistar rats to the induction of tracheal tumors by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). In order to investigate whether this difference is reflected in the pattern of DNA-adduct induction and removal, tracheas from either species were isolated and exposed to BP (5 micrograms/ml) i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90016-7
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects mig...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.006
更新日期：2020-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct or indirect interference with GABA-mediated neurotransmission results in convulsive seizure activity in humans and experimental animals. When this convulsant effect is experimentally analyzed, it turns out to be a product of discrete and restricted cerebral sites of drug action. Depending upon the brain cir...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90215-6
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
