Abstract：
:The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, splits the 'public' into two groups, those who are protected and those who are not, and the position of the exposure standard in the dose-response curve defines the percent unprotected. This understanding is particularly relevant for genotoxic carcinogenesis, for which the assumption of a linear dose-response relationship at low dose is often made. In this case, reduction of the dose by a given factor reduces the percent unprotected by the same factor, and the percentage will never be zero. These considerations have two major consequences. First, the hypothetical cancer risk calculated from the exposure standard must be put in relation to a background cancer risk and its modulation by generally accepted lifestyle factors. Second, knowledge of the factors that modulate and determine an individual susceptibility is the key to defining particularly susceptible subpopulations and individuals. The search for and elimination of such cofactors that render individuals more susceptible might be more appropriate than a general reduction of an exposure standard.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Lutz WKdoi
10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-02-07 00:00:00pages
155-8issue
3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378427401004581journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Adrenal weight and the concentration of corticosterone and glucose in plasma of male Wistar rats, dosed orally with fenitrothion (7.25 or 14.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days were investigated. A significant increase in the relative weight of adrenals was observed 2 weeks after treatment commenced, but was preceded by an incre...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90126-6
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilitranslocase (BTL) is a plasma membrane carrier that transports organic anions of physiological and pharmacological interest. It is expressed in basolateral plasma membrane of kidney and liver. BTL has been recently described as a marker of transition from normal tissue to its neoplastic transformation in human kid...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.022
更新日期：2014-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicokinetics is the assessment of systemic exposure in toxicity studies, in which pharmacokinetic data are generated, either as an integral component in the conduct of the nonclinical toxicity studies or in specially designed supportive studies, in order to assess systemic exposure. The data may be used in the inter...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00272-7
更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible role of acetylcholine receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Intrastriatal infusion of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.008
更新日期：2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), the major metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), was investigated for its potential to form DNA-protein cross-links (DPX), a lesion produced by other aldehydes. Chloral did not form DPX in rat liver nuclei at concentrations up to 250 mM for 30 min at 37 degrees C, while chloroacetaldeh...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90076-8
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuron specific enolase (ENO2, γ-enolase) is a biomarker used to help identify neuroendocrine differentiation in tumors. This laboratory has shown that ENO2 might be a biomarker for exposure to cadmium and arsenite. In this study these observations are extended to the urothelial cell, where environmental exposures are...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.003
更新日期：2012-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to inves...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03801-5
更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Dioxins are a class of extremely toxic environmentally persistent pollutant, comprised of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls. Despite significant human exposure via multiple routes, very little is known about toxicity induced by dibenzofuran (DF). Current study shed lights on the potential toxi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.014
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that the oral administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) produces severe seminiferous tubular atrophy in rats, but mice are far less sensitive. In the present experiment, we demonstrated that one strain of mice derived from ICR mice, Crj:CD-1, was very sensitive to DEHP-induced testicular inju...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90078-c
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlordimeform (Cdf) is readily absorbed through the skin of pesticide applicators. It also enters the body when breathed into the lungs. Cdf can be found in the urine of workers who handle or are involved in applying pesticide products which contain the chemical, even when they are wearing special protective clothing ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90069-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure to arsenic, a potent carcinogen and toxicant, via drinking water is a worldwide public health problem. Because little is known about early-life effects of arsenic on immunity, we evaluated the impact of in utero exposure on infant immune parameters and morbidity in a pilot study. Pregnant women were e...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.001
更新日期：2009-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Fenitrothion (FNT) is used worldwide in agricultural and public health settings. Spermatogenesis is a toxicological target of FNT under high-dose exposure. Although anti-androgenic action is postulated to be the mechanism associated with this toxicity, few studies have examined histopathology of androgen-dependent mal...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.023
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Effect of sublethal concentrations (0.0083, 0.0055, 0.0041, 0.0033 and 0.0028 mg/l) of sodium penta-chlorophenate (Na-PCP) on the enzymes SDH, PDH and LDH in brain, liver and gills of Notopterus notopterus after 15 ad 30 days exposure were studied. SDH and PDH were inhibited, and LDH were stimulated significantly at m...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90091-1
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chromosome damage induced by carboplatin (CBDCA) was evaluated in vitro. In human lymphocytes 5 micrograms/ml CBDCA produced a 7-fold increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and a 3-fold increase in the number of cells with structural abnormalities compared with the control. Likewise, at this...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)03202-i
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Furan, a potential human carcinogen, is formed during heat-treatment of food. Previous studies of the genotoxicity of furan have given disparate results. Hence, there is a need for complementary data to clarify the mechanism behind the carcinogenicity of furan. In this study, we have used the flow cytometer-based micr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.020
更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:This objective of this study was to investigate the toxicogenomics and the spatial regulation of global gene expression profiles elicited by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) in mouse small intestine and liver as well as to identify TM-modulated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-depend...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.012
更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy could lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). However, the molecular mechanism leading to craniofacial abnormality, a feature of FAS, is still poorly understood. The cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) contribute to the formation of the craniofacial bones. Therefore, NCCs expose...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.010
更新日期：2017-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Breathing pattern and lung mechanical parameters were measured in 7 female Wistar rats (ca. 200 g) during exposure to 1.0 (n = 5) or 1.3 (n = 2) ppm ozone in air for 2 h and during a 2-h post-exposure observation period. Changes in breathing pattern showed a gradual decrease from 3 to 2 Hz at constant minute ventilati...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90036-1
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorpyrifos (CHP), an OP-based pesticide, induces hypothermia in the rat followed by a fever that persists for several days. The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and released during fever and has both pyrogenic and cryogenic (i.e. antipyretic) properties. Administeri...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00122-8
更新日期：1999-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrolein, a potent cilioinhibitor of cigarette smoke was tested on synchronously dividing cultures. Mitosis could be blocked whenever the addition of acrolein was made during the cell cycle but this effect was totally reversible (between 0.06 microgram/ml to 1 microgram/ml). Nucleic acid syntheses were more affected t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90043-1
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to cyanide from gari, a popular cassava food in West Africa, is implicated in the causation of ataxic polyneuropathy and amblyopia, but this has been questioned because cyanide was not detected in gari in a study. This study was carried out to determine if gari is a source of exposure to cyanide. Gari (150 g)...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00232-1
更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:L-Carnitine is a critical metabolite indispensable for the metabolism of lipids as it facilitates fatty acid transport into the mitochondrion where β-oxidation occurs. Human astrocytes (CCF-STTG1 cells) and hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) exposed to aluminum (Al) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), were characterized with lower l...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.019
更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent of which the medical use is limited due to cardiotoxicity. While acute cardiotoxicity is reversible, chronic cardiotoxicity is persistent or progressive, dose-dependent and irreversible. While DOX mechanisms of action are not fully understood yet, 3 toxicity processes are ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.029
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diazinon, in acute doses (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats produced tremors and convulsions with lactic acidosis which was accompanied by depletion of glycogen and activation of glycogen phosphorylase activity in triceps and diaphragm muscles, 2 h after its administration. Prevention of convulsions with phenobarbitone administ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90140-8
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of thiamphenicol (TAP) was performed in F344 rats. The minimum lethal dose was estimated to be greater than 10 g/kg body weight, when a single dose of 4-10 g/kg of TAP was given orally. In the subchronic toxicity study, groups of 12 F344 rats of each sex were given solutions contain...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(97)03883-6
更新日期：1997-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is the best studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, classified as carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenic metabolite, benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), binds covalently to DNA. The key enzyme in this metabolic reaction is CYP1A1, which has also been found in placenta and human t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.028
更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of in vitro methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on endogenous dopamine (DA) efflux from mouse striatal slices. MeHg produced a concentration-dependent increase in the spontaneous efflux of DA which was independent of the availability of Ca2+ in the superfusion medium. The Ca(2+)-de...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03787-3
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The European Commission has decided on harmonized classifications for a large number of individual chemicals according to its own directive for classification and labeling of dangerous substances. We have compared the harmonized classifications for acute oral toxicity to the acute oral toxicity data available in the R...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00204-2
更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The decrease of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N) in human erythrocytes, detected in persons occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), is not an in vitro artefact resulting from the release of lead during erythrocyte hemolysis but is a true reflection of the enzyme activity in vivo. Like Pb, mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) io...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(84)90147-4
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species generated during PAH metabolism are detoxified by reactions involving glutathione (GSH). Early life...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.017
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
