Examining contextual control in roulette gambling.

abstract：:In this essay, we note that although Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982) established the standard framework for conducting functional analyses of problem behavior, the term functional analysis was probably first used in behavior analysis by B. F. Skinner in 1948. We also remind readers that a functional ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Schlinger HD Jr,Normand MP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preschool life skills (PLS) program (Hanley, Heal, Tiger, & Ingvarsson, 2007; Luczynski & Hanley, 2013) involves teaching social skills as a means of decreasing and preventing problem behavior. However, achieving durable outcomes as children transition across educational settings depend on the generalization and l...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Luczynski KC,Hanley GP,Rodriguez NM

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data are presented which indicate that lever-pressing behavior of a profoundly retarded child could be reinforced by the contingent application of vibratory stimulation for each response. With vibration available 24 hr per day, no decrement in daily rate of responding for vibration was seen over a three-week period. S...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bailey J,Meyerson L

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No method is in general usage and of demonstrated effectiveness in eliminating the self-stimulatory behaviors of retardates and autistics. An Overcorrection rationale was used to develop such a method. The Overcorrection procedures consisted of a period of practice in the correct mode of the behavior contingent upon s...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Foxx RM,Azrin NH

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reinforced practice procedure was used to facilitate cooperative behavior in five children, aged 3 to 6 years, during dental treatment. In a multiple baseline design across subjects, the children were rewarded with escape, inexpensive stickers, and praise for cooperative behavior in the presence of the sights, sound...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Allen KD,Stokes TF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We systematically manipulated two prior classroom conditions to explore their effects on performance under analogue assessments for a 7-year-old girl with severe intellectual disabilities who exhibited aggressive behavior. Results demonstrated consistently higher levels of aggression during demand analogue conditions ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： O'Reilly MF,Carey Y

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated the effectiveness of simplified habit reversal in reducing filled pauses that occur during public speaking. Filled pauses consist of "uh," "um," or "er"; clicking sounds; and misuse of the word "like." After baseline, participants received habit reversal training that consisted of awareness traini...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Mancuso C,Miltenberger RG

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Time-out is a common negative punishment procedure in home and school settings. Although prior studies have shown time-out is effective, more research is needed on its effects when implementation is imperfect. We evaluated delays to time-out with 4 preschool children who engaged in some combination of aggression, prop...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Slocum SK,Vollmer TR,Donaldson JM

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When problem behavior is controlled by a synthesized reinforcement contingency, a simple omnibus mand that yields access to all reinforcers simultaneously has been shown to effectively replace problem behavior. The question arises as to whether teaching an omnibus mand will preclude the acquisition of specifying mands...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Ward SN,Hanley GP,Warner CA,Gage EE

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative studies of forward and backward chaining have led some to suggest that sensitivity to each teaching procedure may be idiosyncratic across learners and tasks. The purposes of the current study were threefold. First, we assessed differential sensitivity to each chaining procedure within children when present...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Slocum SK,Tiger JH

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compared the copy, cover, and compare method to a picture-word matching method for teaching sight word recognition. Participants were 5 kindergarten students with less than preprimer sight word vocabularies who were enrolled in a public school in the Pacific Northwest. A multielement design was used to eval...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Conley CM,Derby KM,Roberts-Gwinn M,Weber KP,McLaughlin TE

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Token economies are one of the most commonly used behavior-analytic interventions. Despite literature supporting the use of tokens as tools for behavior change, little is known about the efficacy of tokens compared to that of the items for which they are exchanged. Results of previous research comparing the reinforcin...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bonfonte SA,Bourret JC,Lloveras LA

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Originating in the mid-1960s, functional analysis (FA) has become the gold standard method for understanding the environmental variables that come to shape and maintain problematic behaviors such as aggression, self-injury, and property destruction. Over the decades, a number of studies have refined FA methods, attemp...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Saini V,Fisher WW,Retzlaff BJ,Keevy M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a simulated casino environment, 6 nonpathological women played concurrently available commercial slot machines programmed to pay out at different rates. Participants did not always demonstrate preferences for the higher paying machine. The data suggest that factors other than programmed or obtained rate of reinforc...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Weatherly JN,Thompson BJ,Hodny M,Meier E

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patient disruption during dental visits can impede treatment and may result in invasive approaches to care. The current study evaluated the efficacy of graduated exposure with and without extinction to decrease disruption during dental treatment for 4 young men with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Modified functional ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： McConnell KL,Sassi JL,Carr L,Szalwinski J,Courtemanche A,Njie-Jallow F,Cheney WR

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although typical functional analyses often produce clear outcomes, some studies have reported ambiguous results that cannot be interpreted. Such undifferentiated outcomes may occur if test conditions do not include relevant antecedent or consequent events. Clinicians then may try to modify the functional analysis cond...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Schlichenmeyer KJ,Roscoe EM,Rooker GW,Wheeler EE,Dube WV

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a graduated prompting treatment procedure were analyzed in three phases of an experiment on the training and generalization of reaching-grasp responding in 2- to 4-year-old blind, severely or profoundly retarded children. In Phase 1, we used a multiple-baseline across-subjects design to investigate the ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Correa VI,Poulson CL,Salzberg CL

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Correspondence between verbal and nonverbal behavior in an exercise room was taught to 4 13-year-old boys diagnosed with moderate mental retardation. Participants were asked prior to each exercise session which exercise machine(s) they intended to use. No contingencies on stating intentions (promising) were applied. F...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Wilson PG,Rusch FR,Lee S

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Topographically similar verbal responses may be functionally independent forms of operant behavior. For example, saying yes or no may have different functions based on the environmental conditions in effect. The present study extends previous research on both the assessment and acquisition of yes and no responses acro...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Shillingsburg MA,Kelley ME,Roane HS,Kisamore A,Brown MR

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Findings from basic and applied research suggest that treatment with operant extinction may produce adverse side effects; two of these commonly noted are an increase in the frequency of the target response (extinction burst) and an increase in aggression (extinction-induced aggression). Although extinction is often us...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Lerman DC,Iwata BA,Wallace MD

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated possible factors in promoting racial integration, a matter of practical concern in schools today. Specifically, the effect of social and tangible reinforcement was studied on the social integration of five black children in a predominantly white classroom. "Sitting and seating with a new friend...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Hauserman N,Walen SR,Behling M

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two young boys with autism who used the picture exchange communication system were taught to solve problems (improvise) by using descriptors (functions, colors, and shapes) to request desired items for which specific pictures were unavailable. The results of a multiple baseline across descriptors showed that training ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Marckel JM,Neef NA,Ferreri SJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Matching-to-sample procedures were used to assess picture representation skills of severely retarded, nonverbal adolescents. Identity matching within the classes of objects and life-size, full-color photos of the objects was first used to assess visual discrimination, a necessary condition for picture representation. ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Dixon LS

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers have identified an unbalanced diet as a key risk factor in the etiology of many chronic diseases (World Health Organization, ). Although researchers have found that numerous factors influence children's food choices, no assessment exists to identify these factors. In Experiment 1, we established preliminar...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Zonneveld KLM,Neidert PL,Dozier CL,Gureghian DL,Bayles MW

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of prompting and social reinforcement directed to target subjects on their social behavior and that of peers who never received prompting and reinforcement for positive social behavior, were examined. In a combined reversal and multiple-baseline design, three behaviorally handicapped preschool boys who exh...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Strain PS,Shores RE,Kerr MM

更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parental involvement in intervention can support intervention efficacy, improve generalization, and increase accessibility. The Preschool Life Skills (PLS) program is designed to teach 13 preschool life skills and prevent problem behavior. The current study explores the utility of the PLS program as delivered by paren...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Gunning C,Holloway J,Grealish L

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional analyses produced inconclusive results regarding variables that maintained problem behavior for 2 students with developmental disabilities. Procedures were modified to include a contingent physical restraint condition based on in-class observations. Results indicated that tinder conditions in which physical...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Magee SK,Ellis J

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results of previous research have shown that individuals with intellectual disabilities usually prefer edible items over leisure items. Other research has shown that sensory (leisure) items facilitate response acquisition and maintenance better than edible items do for individuals with autism. The current studies exam...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Fahmie TA,Iwata BA,Jann KE

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the efficacy of pictorial self-management to teach daily living skills to 3 low-functioning children with autism. Stimulus and response generalization, stimulus control of self-management materials, and maintenance of behavior change were also assessed. Results showed that children with autism could su...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Pierce KL,Schreibman L

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This research was conducted to determine the effects of a study skill training procedure on oral retelling of printed expository material read by three intermediate-grade learning disabled students. Measures of story retelling, study characteristics, and answers to comprehension questions were obtained during each ses...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Alexander DF

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00