Examining contextual control in roulette gambling.

abstract：:A reinforced practice procedure was used to facilitate cooperative behavior in five children, aged 3 to 6 years, during dental treatment. In a multiple baseline design across subjects, the children were rewarded with escape, inexpensive stickers, and praise for cooperative behavior in the presence of the sights, sound...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Allen KD,Stokes TF

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Findings from basic and applied research suggest that treatment with operant extinction may produce adverse side effects; two of these commonly noted are an increase in the frequency of the target response (extinction burst) and an increase in aggression (extinction-induced aggression). Although extinction is often us...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Lerman DC,Iwata BA,Wallace MD

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A group of 12 children were enrolled in a preschool class. During the first experimental stage they participated in special events contingent on token earning. Tokens were acquired by engaging in a variety of study behaviors. After a level of study behavior was established under this contingency, the special events we...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bushell D,Wrobel PA,Michaelis ML

更新日期：1968-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results of previous research have shown that individuals with intellectual disabilities usually prefer edible items over leisure items. Other research has shown that sensory (leisure) items facilitate response acquisition and maintenance better than edible items do for individuals with autism. The current studies exam...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Fahmie TA,Iwata BA,Jann KE

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two young boys with autism who used the picture exchange communication system were taught to solve problems (improvise) by using descriptors (functions, colors, and shapes) to request desired items for which specific pictures were unavailable. The results of a multiple baseline across descriptors showed that training ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Marckel JM,Neef NA,Ferreri SJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-two individuals with developmental disabilities participated in two leisure-item preference assessments, spaced approximately 16 months apart. Results showed (a) an overall increase in item contact across assessments for 13 participants and (b) at least some overlap across assessments in the five most highly ra...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Zhou L,Iwata BA,Goff GA,Shore BA

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated a commonly used component of brief time-out, in which release from time-out is delayed contingent on the occurrence of disruption. Data were collected for one normal and two mentally retarded children on time-out-producing behaviors (aggression and disruption) as well as delay-producing behaviors during t...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Mace FC,Page TJ,Ivancic MT,O'Brien S

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:We evaluated the effects of a response-effort intervention on the occurrence of self-injurious hand mouthing and a competing response (object manipulation) with 4 individuals who had profound developmental disabilities. During Phase 1, results of functional analyses showed that all participants engaged in hi...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Zhou L,Goff GA

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A target behavior program, structured within a token economy project, was implemented to modify the behavior of an institutionalized patient who exhibited excessive rates of crying and no smiling responses. To affect both responses concurrently, token costs were made contingent upon crying and token payments and/or so...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Reisinger JJ

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed reinforcement techniques were applied, in a multiple baseline experimental design, to modify the behavior of a mildly maladjusted sixth-grade child. The following behaviors were chosen for modification: face-touching, posture, and voice-loudness. Videotape recordings were made of the subject's behavior during ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Schwarz ML,Hawkins RP

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the current study was to examine the degree to which instruction based on stimulus equivalence procedures could be used to teach single-subject design methodology to graduate-level professionals through a Web-based course management system known as Blackboard (see http://www.blackboard.com). Specificall...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Walker BD,Rehfeldt RA

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally agreed that serious misbehavior in children should be replaced with socially appropriate behaviors, but few guidelines exist with respect to choosing replacement behaviors. We address this issue in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we developed an assessment method for identifying situations in which b...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Carr EG,Durand VM

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Correspondence between verbal and nonverbal behavior in an exercise room was taught to 4 13-year-old boys diagnosed with moderate mental retardation. Participants were asked prior to each exercise session which exercise machine(s) they intended to use. No contingencies on stating intentions (promising) were applied. F...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Wilson PG,Rusch FR,Lee S

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential reinforcement of compliance with teacher invitations to complete a specific academic task was applied to three extremely negativistic children in a special preschool class. For each child, this technique resulted in clear and useful increases in compliance as it was applied. In addition, the technique pro...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Baer AM,Rowbury T,Baer DM

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of access modifications to home entrances of people with physical disabilities on their reported community outings. An interrupted time-series design was used, in which the introduction of ramps was staggered across the homes of 6 people with moderate to severe mobility impairments. Four partic...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： White GW,Paine-Andrews A,Mathews RM,Fawcett SB

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a training procedure and two maintenance contingencies on consequence-dispensing behavior were investigated. Four peer behavior managers were trained to supervise small groups of subjects (four to six per group) working in programmed math materials and were compared with a teacher skilled in the use of ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Greenwood CR,Sloane HN,Baskin A

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the impact of training 9 first- and second-grade children to use a full self-instructional regimen, and then differentially reinforced the use of self-instruction only, accuracy only, or both self-instruction and accuracy. Three comparison children received no training in self-instruction and w...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Roberts RN,Nelson RO,Olson TW

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) plus prompting to increase peer-directed mands for preferred items using a picture exchange communication system (PECS). Two nonvocal individuals with autism participated. Independent mands with a peer increased with the implementation of DRA plus p...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Paden AR,Kodak T,Fisher WW,Gawley-Bullington EM,Bouxsein KJ

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive motion makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extremely challenging among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The medical risks of sedation establish the need for behavioral interventions to promote motion control among children with ASD undergoing MRI scans. We present a series of experiments aime...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cox AD,Virues-Ortega J,Julio F,Martin TL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three supervisors of integrated preschools were trained in a collaborative team approach to encourage resource and classroom teachers to develop strategies that promote peer interaction of all children, including children with disabilities. The focus of classroom teachers' behaviors and the interactive play of childre...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Hundert J,Hopkins B

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted a modified paired-choice preference assessment and used a multielement design to examine the effects of noncontingent access to high- and low-preference music on vocal stereotypy exhibited by children with autism. For 3 of the 4 participants, high-preference music (a) produced lower levels of vocal stereo...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Lanovaz MJ,Rapp JT,Ferguson S

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared the effects of a high-probability (high-p) instruction sequence and a fixed-time (FT) schedule of reinforcement on the compliance of 2 typically developing children. A multielement experimental design with a reversal component was implemented according to a multiple baseline across participants arrangement...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bullock C,Normand MP

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compared the relative efficacy of providing simultaneous or delayed reinforcement on food acceptance during meals. The participant was a 7 year-old boy with pervasive developmental disorder and a history of food selectivity. Results indicated that both procedures were effective in increasing acceptance; how...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Kern L,Marder TJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the influence of two different frequencies of data collection on skill acquisition and maintenance within behavioral treatment programs for children with autism spectrum disorders. Six children were taught multiple skills in up to four different behavioral programs. Half of the skills were measured contin...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cummings AR,Carr JE

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this essay, we note that although Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982) established the standard framework for conducting functional analyses of problem behavior, the term functional analysis was probably first used in behavior analysis by B. F. Skinner in 1948. We also remind readers that a functional ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Schlinger HD Jr,Normand MP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of behavioral economics combines concepts from economics and operant conditioning to examine the influence of schedules or price on preference for reinforcers. Three case studies are reported in which behavioral economic analyses were used to assess relative preference for reinforcers shown by people with in...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Tustin RD

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Token economies are one of the most commonly used behavior-analytic interventions. Despite literature supporting the use of tokens as tools for behavior change, little is known about the efficacy of tokens compared to that of the items for which they are exchanged. Results of previous research comparing the reinforcin...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bonfonte SA,Bourret JC,Lloveras LA

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982) presented the first comprehensive and standardized methodology for identifying operant functions of aberrant behavior. This essay discusses the significance functional analysis has had for applied behavior analysis. The methodology has lessened the field's reliance on ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Mace FC

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Appropriate play with toys was studied in two autistic children with high occurrences of self-stimulatory behavior. Each child participated in the experimental sessions in an A-B-A design, where "A" refers to baseline sessions and "B" refers to self-stimulation suppression sessions. It was found that: (a) during the b...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Koegel RL,Firestone PB,Kramme KW,Dunlap G

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using audiotaped descriptions of sexual experiences and a direct measure of penile erection, it is possible to specify more precisely erotic cues in sexual deviates. Results indicated that such cues are highly idiosyncratic. Some tentative conclusions and suggested application for the method are discussed. ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Abel GG,Blanchard EB,Barlow DH,Mavissakalian M

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00