Abstract：
:Apomixis (asexual seed formation) is the result of a plant gaining the ability to bypass the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction: meiosis and fertilization. Without the need for male fertilization, the resulting seed germinates a plant that develops as a maternal clone. This dramatic shift in reproductive process has been documented in many flowering plant species, although no major seed crops have been shown to be capable of apomixis. The ability to generate maternal clones and therefore rapidly fix desirable genotypes in crop species could accelerate agricultural breeding strategies. The potential of apomixis as a next-generation breeding technology has contributed to increasing interest in the mechanisms controlling apomixis. In this review, we discuss the progress made toward understanding the genetic and molecular control of apomixis. Research is currently focused on two fronts. One aims to identify and characterize genes causing apomixis in apomictic species that have been developed as model species. The other aims to engineer or switch the sexual seed formation pathway in non-apomictic species, to one that mimics apomixis. Here we describe the major apomictic mechanisms and update knowledge concerning the loci that control them, in addition to presenting candidate genes that may be used as tools for switching the sexual pathway to an apomictic mode of reproduction in crops.
journal_name
Geneticsjournal_title
Geneticsauthors
Hand ML,Koltunow AMdoi
10.1534/genetics.114.163105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
441-50issue
2eissn
0016-6731issn
1943-2631pii
197/2/441journal_volume
197pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
GENETICS文献大全abstract：:Selective genotyping and phenotyping strategies are used to lower the cost of quantitative trait locus studies. Their efficiency has been studied primarily in simplified contexts--when a single locus contributes to the phenotype, and when the residual error (phenotype conditional on the genotype) is normally distribut...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.108.094607
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mapping quantitative trait loci in plants is usually conducted using a population derived from a cross between two inbred lines. The power of such QTL detection and the parameter estimates depend largely on the choice of the two parental lines. Thus, the QTL detected in such populations represent only a small part of ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.104.028993
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (srDNA) has been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses. One common assumption in these analyses is that substitution rates are biased toward transitions. We have developed a simple method for estimating relative rates of base change that does not assume rate constancy and take...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in animals is generally a circular molecule of approximately 15 kb, but there are many exceptions such as linear molecules and larger ones. RFLP studies indicated that the mtDNA in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare varied from 20 to 42 kb. This variation depended on the restric...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The X chromosome requires special treatment in the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, most QTL mapping methods, and most computer programs for QTL mapping, have focused exclusively on autosomal loci. We describe a method for appropriate treatment of the X chromosome for QTL mapping in experimental cros...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.106.061176
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cut was made on the middorsal skin of newborn mice of strains C57BL/10J, C57BL/10J-A/A, and C3H/He using fine iridectomy scissors. In the epidermis within 1 mm of the wound edge in C57BL/10J and C57BL/10J-A/A, the melanocyte population positive to the dopa reaction as well as the melanoblast-melanocyte population po...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of at least ten mouse LDH-A pseudogenes was demonstrated in the genomic blot analysis, and four different processed pseudogenes have thus far been isolated and characterized. In this report, the nucleotide sequences to two different mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A processed pseudogenes, M11 and M14, were de...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistence time of a mutant allele, the expected number of generations before its elimination from the population, can be estimated as the ratio of the number of segregating mutations per individual over the mutation rate per generation. We screened two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster for mutations cau...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.105.046094
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dna2 is a nuclease and helicase that functions redundantly with other proteins in Okazaki fragment processing, double-strand break resection, and checkpoint kinase activation. Dna2 is an essential enzyme, required for yeast and mammalian cell viability. Here, we report that numerous mutations affecting the DNA damage ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.118.300809
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reproductive success of individual fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta) previously has been shown to be strongly influenced by their genotype at a single enzyme-encoding gene, designated Pgm-3. This paper presents evidence that a second, tightly linked gene, designated Gp-9, is under similarly strong selection in ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model of the evolution of a transposable element family in a Mendelian host population is proposed that incorporates heritable phenotypic mutations in the elements. The temporal behavior of the numbers of mutant and wild-type elements is studied, and the expected extinction time of the transposable element family is...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centromeres are responsible for the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Holocentric chromosomes, characterized by multiple centromere units along each chromatid, have particular adaptations to ensure regular disjunction during meiosis. Here we show by detecting CENH3, CENP-C, tubulin, and ce...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.116.191213
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cornell Control White Leghorn chicks were grown in a common environment to five weeks of age and selected for fast and slow gain in body weight from five to nine weeks of age at two temperatures, 21.1 degrees (cold) and 32.2 degrees (hot), during which time a constant 50% relative humidity was maintained. All lines we...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the approximate chromosomal position of centromeres has been identified in many species, little is known about the dynamics and diversity of centromere positions within species. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that DNA sequence has little or no impact in specifying centromeres in maize and in most multicellu...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.115.177360
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene RPM2 encodes a component of the mitochondrial tRNA-processing enzyme RNase P. Cells grown on fermentable carbon sources do not require mitochondrial tRNA processing activity, but still require RPM2, indicating an additional function for the Rpm2 protein. RPM2-null cells arrest...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that initiate stimulus-dependent activation of cognate heterotrimeric G-proteins, triggering ensuing downstream cellular responses. Tight regulation of GPCR-evoked pathways is required because prolonged stimulation can be detrimental to an organism. St...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.115.186122
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a simple algorithm for estimating the number of nucleotide differences between a pair of RNA or DNA sequences through comparison of their RNAse A mismatch cleavage patterns. In the RNAse A mismatch cleavage technique two or more sample sequences are hybridized to the same RNA probe, the hybrids are partiall...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how variation in reproductive success is related to demography is a critical component in understanding the life history of an organism. Parentage analysis using molecular markers can be used to estimate the reproductive success of different groups of individuals in natural populations. Previous models h...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.106.067066
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Triplo-lethal locus (Tpl) is unique in its dosage sensitivity; no other locus in Drosophila has been identified that is lethal when present in three doses. Tpl is also haplo-lethal, and its function is still a mystery. Previous workers have found it nearly impossible to mutationally inactive Tpl other than by comp...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of domesticated maize from its wild ancestor teosinte is a dramatic example of the effect of human selection on agricultural crops. Maize has one dominant axis of growth, whereas teosinte is highly branched. The axillary branches in maize are short and feminized whereas the axillary branches of teosinte ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of temporally stable frequency clines for In(2L)t in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster suggests a role for selection in the maintenance of this polymorphism. We have collected nucleotide polymorphism data from the proximal breakpoint junction regions of In(2L)t to infer its evolutionary hist...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article we investigate multiplicative effects between genes in relation to heterosis. The extensive literature on heterosis due to multiplicative effects between characters is reviewed, as is earlier work on the genetic description of heterosis. A two-locus diallelic model of arbitrary gene action is used to d...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We identified and characterized 14 extragenic mutations that suppressed the dominant egg-laying defect of certain lin-12 gain-of-function mutations. These suppressors defined seven genes: sup-17, lag-2, sel-4, sel-5, sel-6, sel-7 and sel-8. Mutations in six of the genes are recessive suppressors, whereas the two mutat...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila piwi gene is the founding member of the only known family of genes whose function in stem cell maintenance is highly conserved in both animal and plant kingdoms. piwi mutants fail to maintain germline stem cells in both male and female gonads. The identification of piwi-interacting genes is essential fo...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Sh2/A1 orthologous region of maize, rice, and sorghum contains five genes in the order Sh2, X1, X2, and two A1 homologs in tandem duplication. The Sh2 and A1 homologs are separated by approximately 20 kb in rice and sorghum and by approximately 140 kb in maize. We analyzed the fate of the Sh2/A1 region in large-ge...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genes with unstable transcripts often encode proteins that play important regulatory roles. ATL2 is a member of a multigene family coding highly related RING-H2 zinc-finger proteins that may function as E3 ubiquitin ligases. ATL2 mRNA accumulation occurs rapidly and transiently after incubation with elicitors of patho...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.104.028043
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A genetic linkage map was constructed in a backcross family of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, based largely on sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ends and untranslated regions from random cDNA's. In most cases, dimorphisms were detected using heteroduplex or single-strand conformational p...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1534/genetics.104.032227
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterozygous inactivation of either human TSC1 or TSC2 causes tuberous sclerosis (TSC), in which development of benign tumors, hamartomas, occurs via a two-hit mechanism. In this study, fission yeast genes homologous to TSC1 and TSC2 were identified, and their protein products were shown to physically interact like th...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fission yeast DNA repair gene rad21+ is essential for cell growth. To investigate the function essential for cell proliferation, we have isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant of the rad21+ gene. The mutant, rad21-K1, showed abnormal mitosis at the nonpermissive temperature. Some cells contained abnormal nuclear ...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A female frog heterozygous at two unlinked loci, specifying electrophoretic forms of mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was crossed to male frogs homozygous for different alleles at each locus. In the offspring approximately ten percent proved to be triploid according to nucleolar and chro...
journal_title：Genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
