Identifying plant cell-surface receptors: combining 'classical' techniques with novel methods.

abstract：:PilZ domain-containing proteins constitute a large family of bacterial signaling proteins. As a widely distributed protein domain for the binding of the second messenger c-di-GMP, the canonical PilZ domain contains a set of motifs that define the binding site for c-di-GMP and an allosteric switch for propagating local...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cheang QW,Xin L,Chea RYF,Liang ZX

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved chromatin-modifying complexes that implement gene silencing in higher eukaryotes. Thousands of genes and multiple developmental processes are regulated by PcG proteins. As the first chromatin modifier been identified in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the methyltran...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jiao H,Xie Y,Li Z

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis, the FtsK orthologue, SpoIIIE, transfers the majority of a chromosome into the forespore during sporulation. DNA tr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sherratt DJ,Arciszewska LK,Crozat E,Graham JE,Grainge I

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple cellular proteins have been identified as participating in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-mediated inflammatory gene expression. The continuing isolation of novel components, based on sequence similarities, protein-protein interactions and protein purification, suggests that many elements of this signalling netw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kiss-Toth E,Wyllie DH,Holland K,Marsden L,Jozsa V,Oxley KM,Polgar T,Qwarnstrom EE,Dower SK

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of the zDHHC family of S-acyltransferase enzymes has been one of the major breakthroughs in the S-acylation field. Now, more than a decade since their discovery, major questions centre on profiling the substrates of individual zDHHC enzymes (there are 24 ZDHHC genes and several hundred S-acylated protein...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lemonidis K,Werno MW,Greaves J,Diez-Ardanuy C,Sanchez-Perez MC,Salaun C,Thomson DM,Chamberlain LH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CD4 T helper lymphocytes can be subdivided into at least three distinct functional subsets on the basis of their cytokine secretion profiles. One type of CD4+ lymphocyte, T helper 1 (Th1), produces interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor beta, a second type (Th2) produces interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Piccinni MP,Maggi E,Romagnani S

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： MacLeod CL

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial communit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scott KP,Duncan SH,Louis P,Flint HJ

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations activating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signalling pathway and inactivating the TP53 tumour-suppressor gene are common mechanisms that cancer cells require to proliferate and escape pre-programmed cell death. In a well-described mechanism, Akt mediates negative control of p53 levels through enhan...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Abraham AG,O'Neill E

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular dynamics simulations may be used to probe the interactions of membrane proteins with lipids and with detergents at atomic resolution. Examples of such simulations for ion channels and for bacterial outer membrane proteins are described. Comparison of simulations of KcsA (an alpha-helical bundle) and OmpA (a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sansom MS,Bond PJ,Deol SS,Grottesi A,Haider S,Sands ZA

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tetraspanins represent a large superfamily of four-transmembrane proteins that are expressed on all nucleated cells. Tetraspanins play a prominent role in the organization of the plasma membrane by co-ordinating the spatial localization of transmembrane proteins and signalling molecules into 'tetraspanin microdoma...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： van Spriel AB

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schäbitz WR,Fisher M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AS (alternative splicing) and its role in disease, especially cancer, has come to forefront in research over the last few years. Alterations in the ratio of splice variants have been widely observed in cancer. Splice variants of cancer-associated genes have functions that can alter cellular phenotype, ultimately alter...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hagen RM,Ladomery MR

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) protein kinase, a yeast homologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase, plays a main role in transcriptional activation and repression of gene expression. In addition, Snf1 kinase has a broad role in the cellular response to several forms of stress, such as nutrient limitation, sal...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanz P

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding sites of the oestrogen receptors alpha and beta have a structural requirement for ligands with two oxygen atoms (one of which is phenolic) spaced 11-12 A apart. They are open to many non-steroidal compounds, such as those from plants and the chemical industry. The importance of this interaction is the subj...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Barnes S

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotrophins nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3 (neurotrophin 3) and NT-4 are known for regulating neuron development, function and survival. Beyond this, neurotrophins were found to exert multiple effects on non-neuronal cells such as immune cells, smooth muscle and epithelial cells. In...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rochlitzer S,Nassenstein C,Braun A

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'fusion peptides' of a group of enveloped viruses that includes influenza, paramyxo-, retro-and filo-viruses are N-terminal regions of their membrane fusion proteins generated by cleavage of non-functional precursors. For the influenza membrane fusion protein, haemagglutinin (HA), the three-dimensional structures ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Skehel JJ,Cross K,Steinhauer D,Wiley DC

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients and is indispensable for all organisms as a critical structural component as well as participating in intracellular signalling and energy metabolism. Sensing and signalling of phosphate (Pi) has been extensively studied and is well understood in single-cellular or...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Qi W,Baldwin SA,Muench SP,Baker A

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:XRCC4 (X-ray cross-complementation group 4) and XLF (XRCC4-like factor) are two essential interacting proteins in the human NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) pathway that repairs DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks). The individual crystal structures show that the dimeric proteins are homologues with protomers containing h...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wu Q,Ochi T,Matak-Vinkovic D,Robinson CV,Chirgadze DY,Blundell TL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From a protein structural viewpoint, tryptophan is often considered an inert structural amino acid, playing a role as a hydrophobic anchor in membrane proteins or as part of the hydrophobic core of soluble proteins. However, tryptophan is the only polyaromatic amino acid and, from a chemical viewpoint, possesses uniqu...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Naismith JH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous bacterial proteins involved in the nitrogen cycle, and other processes, require c-type haem as a cofactor. c-type cytochromes are formed by covalent attachment of haem to the conserved CXXCH motif. Here, we briefly review what is presently known about cytochrome c maturation in Bacillus subtilis with particul...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Crow A,Le Brun NE,Oubrie A

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the cellular distribution of p122RhoGAP, a GTPase-activating protein of Rho small GTPase and an activator of phospholipase C-delta(1). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that endogenous p122 is localized at the tips of actin stress fibres and co-localizes with vinculin in normal rat kidney ce...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kawai K,Yamaga M,Iwamae Y,Kiyota M,Kamata H,Hirata H,Homma Y,Yagisawa H

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three mammalian expression systems suitable for expressing recombinant receptors have been described. Each is suited to a different aspect of the study of receptors and their behaviour. IRES-based vectors are ideal for creating stable mammalian cell lines suitable for screening receptors using a signalling readout. Un...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rhodes AD,Bevan N,Patel K,Lee M,Rees S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetraspanin CD9 is associated with integrin adhesion receptors and it was reported that CD9 regulates integrin-dependent cell migration and invasion. Pro- and anti-migratory effects of CD9 have been linked to adhesion-dependent signalling pathways, including phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and activatio...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Powner D,Kopp PM,Monkley SJ,Critchley DR,Berditchevski F

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tandem repeats (TR) in proteins are common in nature and have several unique functions. They come in various forms that are frequently difficult to recognize from a sequence. A previously proposed structural classification has been recently implemented in the RepeatsDB database. This defines five main classes, mainly ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Paladin L,Tosatto SC

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Frequent subversion of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway during neoplastic transformation contributes to several hallmarks of cancer that result in a competitive advantage for cancer cells. Deregulation of this pathway can be the result of genomic alterations such as PIK3CA mutation, PTEN (phosphatase and t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leroy C,Amante RJ,Bentires-Alj M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moore SJ,Warren MJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are the primary cause of the severe autism spectrum disorder RTT (Rett syndrome). Deletion of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates many of the overt neurological features seen in humans, and the delayed onset of symptoms is accompanied by deficits in neuronal morphology and synaptic physiol...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cobb S,Guy J,Bird A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactions involving removal and addition of glucose to N-glycans in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are performed in higher eukaryotes by glucosidases I and II and the UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase respectively. Monoglucosylated N-glycan structures have been implicated in glycoprotein folding or ER quali...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jones D,Mehlert A,Ferguson MA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphase B spindle elongation plays an important role in chromosome segregation. In the present paper, we discuss our model for anaphase B in Drosophila syncytial embryos, in which spindle elongation depends on an ip (interpolar) MT (microtubule) sliding filament mechanism generated by homotetrameric kinesin-5 motors ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Brust-Mascher I,Scholey JM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00