Abstract:
:Small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in various organisms. Small RNAs bind to a member of the Argonaute protein family and are incorporated into larger structures that mediate diverse gene silencing events. The loading of Argonaute proteins with small RNAs is aided by a number of auxiliary factors as well as ATP hydrolysis. This review will focus on the mechanisms of Argonaute loading in different organisms. Furthermore, we highlight the versatile functions of small RNA-Argonaute protein complexes in organisms from all three kingdoms of life.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Dueck A,Meister Gdoi
10.1515/hsz-2014-0116subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
611-29issue
6eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315pii
/j/bchm.just-accepted/hsz-2014-0116/hsz-2014-0116.journal_volume
395pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Zinc (Zn2+) is the most abundant trace element in cells and is essential for a vast number of catalytic, structural, and regulatory processes. Mounting evidence indicates that like calcium (Ca2+), intracellular Zn2+ pools are redistributed for specific cellular functions. This occurs through the regulation of 24 Zn2+ ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0128
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is a widespread phenomenon in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuronal cell death due to oxidative stress may causally contribute to the pathogeneses of these diseases. Therefore, neuroprotective antioxida...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.195
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::M.EcoRV is an alpha-adenine DNA methyltransferase. According to structure predictions, the enzyme consists of a catalytic domain, which has a structure similar to all other DNA-methyltransferases, and a smaller DNA-recognition domain. We have investigated this enzyme by random mutagenesis, using error-prone PCR, follo...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.4-5.475
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A FAD and [4Fe-4S]cluster-containing enzyme from Clostridium aminobutyricum catalyses the reversible dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA which involves the cleavage of an unactivated C-H bond at the beta-carbon. Transient oxidation of the substrate to an enoxy radical by FAD might facilitate the remova...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.8.843
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fanconi anemia is a fatal, hereditary chromosome instability syndrome of early childhood with progressive pancytopenia and cancer-proneness. Hypersensitivity to alkylating agents points to DNA repair inefficiency. Excess reactive oxygen intermediates and hypersensitivity to oxygen, all features of Fanconi anemia cells...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2008.151
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens can cause refractory keratitis resulting in corneal perforation and blindness. These bacteria produce various kinds of proteases. In addition to pseudomonal elastase (LasB) and alkaline protease, LasA protease and protease IV have recently been found to be more important ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.131
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Sialyl-Tn antigen (Sialyl alpha-Ser/Thr) is expressed as a cancer-associated antigen on the surface of cancer cells. Its presence is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal and other cancers. We previously reported that Sialyl-Tn expression in LSC human colon cancer cells could be explained by...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.029
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Channelrhodopsin-2 is a light-gated cation channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is functional in animal cells and therefore widely used for light-activated depolarization, especially in neurons. To achieve a fully functional protein, the chromophore all-trans-retinal is needed. It has not been inv...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0256
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart contains seven binding sites for ATP or ADP and three additional for ADP only, as concluded from competition equilibrium dialysis binding studies. The isolated enzyme contains bound cholate which, in contrast to bound ATP, is only slowly exchanged by ADP (or ATP). The kinetics of...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.3.335
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzymatic properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50) were characterized using a 6,000-fold purified enzyme. This was obtained in 100 microg amounts from human serum with a recovery of 35%. Pure alkaline phosphatase containing one anchor moiety per molecule was used as substra...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2000.062
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A controlled interaction of materials with their surrounding biological environment is of great interest in many fields. Multifunctional coatings aim to provide simultaneous modulation of several biological signals. They can consist of various combinations of bioactive, and bioinert components as well as of reporter m...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0204
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned from a chicken intestinal cDNA library Cmdr1, the first avian P-glycoprotein. Cmdr1 is 67% and 69% identical to proteins encoded by the human MDR1 and MDR2 genes, respectively. Functional expression of Cmdr1 in both mouse NIH 3T3 and yeast cells demonstrated that Cmdr1 represents the avian ortholog of h...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.031
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination with either exogenous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) lipoprotein particles without adjuvants, or plasmid DNA encoding secreted small HBsAg stimulate long-lasting, potent antibody responses in H-2d (BALB/c) and C57Bl/6 (H-2b) mice. Vaccination with exogenous HBsAg primes MHC-I restricted cytotoxic T ly...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.039
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitous calpains, mu- and m-calpain, have been implicated in essential physiological processes and various pathologies. Cell-permeable specific inhibitors are important tools to elucidate the roles of calpains in cultivated cells and animal models. The synthetic N-acetylated 27-mer peptide derived from exon B o...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.045
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heterodimer consisting of ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), both of which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is considered to be the functional ecdysteroid receptor. Here we analyzed the subcellular distribution of EcR and USP fused to fluorescent proteins. The experiments were carr...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2005.055
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular proteomes are dynamic and adjusted to permanently changing conditions by ATP-fueled proteolytic machineries. Among the five AAA+ proteases in Escherichia coli FtsH is the only essential and membrane-anchored metalloprotease. FtsH is a homohexamer that uses its ATPase domain to unfold and translocate substrate...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0302
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as an efficient tool to elucidate the structure and the conformational dynamics of proteins under conditions close to the native state. This review article summarizes the basics as well as the recent p...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0155
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are dimeric factors initiating several distinct signaling cascades by binding to two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors (BRI and BRII), and are thus regulating several steps in embryonal development and adult tissue homeostasis. BMP-2 contains two symmetrical pai...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.149
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species deposited by cold physical plasma are proposed as predominant effectors in the interaction between discharge and biomedical application. Most reactive species found in plasma sources are known in biology for inter- and intracellular communication (redox signaling) and mammalian cel...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0242
更新日期:2018-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular chaperones are well known as facilitators of protein folding and assembly. However, in recent years multiple chaperone-assisted degradation pathways have also emerged, including CAP (chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation), CASA (chaperone-assisted selective autophagy), and CMA (chaperone-mediated autoph...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.058
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airway smooth muscle (ASM) controls airway narrowing and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. MicroRNAs are small yet powerful gene tuners that regulate diverse cellular processes. Recent studies have demonstrated the versatile role of microRNAs in regulating multiple ASM phenotypes that are critically ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0298
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein transport, especially into different cellular compartments, is a highly coordinated and regulated process. The molecular machineries which carry out these transport processes are highly complex in structure, function, and regulation. In the case of chloroplasts, thousands of protein molecules have been estimat...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.051
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In bacteria, UGA stop codons can be recoded to direct the incorporation of selenocysteine into proteins on the ribosome. Recoding requires a selenocysteine incorporation sequence (SECIS) downstream of the UGA codon, a specialized translation factor SelB, and the non-canonical Sec-tRNASec, which is formed from Ser-tRNA...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2007.108
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective adhesion of fungal cells to one another and to foreign surfaces is fundamental for the development of multicellular growth forms and the successful colonization of substrates and host organisms. Accordingly, fungi possess diverse cell wall-associated adhesins, mostly large glycoproteins, which present N-term...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0199
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of rhodanese-like proteins in the major evolutionary phyla, together with the observed abundance of these proteins also within the same genome, suggests that their function cannot be limited to cyanide scavenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Azotobacter vinelandii RhdA, an en...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.163
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the control mechanisms of cathepsin B biosynthesis and trafficking operates through alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. An mRNA lacking exon 2 is more efficiently translated than that containing all exons, and may be responsible for elevated biosynthesis and enzyme routing to the extracellular space, with critica...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.125
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two current hypotheses of O2 sensing in the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors suggest participation of oxygen reactive (ROS) species, but they are mechanistically opposed. One postulates that hypoxia decreases ROS levels; the other that hypoxia increases them. Yet, both propose that the ensuing alteration in the cellul...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.021
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A putative operon of the ribosomal proteins S20 and Thx has been determined in a 1.4 kb sequenced region of T. thermophilus genomic DNA. Both genes have a promoter sequence 29 nt upstream of ORF1, possess their own Shine-Dalgarno motifs (GGAG) and are separated by only 9 nucleotides, a feature characteristic of the co...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.126
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BCL2 family of genes (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; Bcl-2) plays a pivotal role in the highly regulated process of apoptosis. We have recently cloned a newly identified member of this family, BCL2L12, which was found to be differentially expressed in many tumors. It is known that topotecan and methotrexate act through in...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.203
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a rapid and simple method for the sexing of human and other primate DNA. Homologous introns from the X- and Y-linked zinc finger protein genes (ZFX and ZFY) are PCR amplified with one primer pair. An Alu element insertion in the ZFX intron results in a size difference in the amplicons which is resolved by a...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00