Abstract:
:Nearly 100 years ago, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could learn to use a neutral cue to predict a biologically relevant event: after repeated predictive pairings, Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to anticipate food at the sound of a bell, which caused them to salivate. Like sustenance, danger is biologically relevant, and neutral cues can take on great salience when they predict a threat to survival. In anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this type of conditioned fear fails to extinguish, and reminders of traumatic events can cause pathological conditioned fear responses for decades after danger has passed. In this review, we use fear conditioning and extinction studies to draw a direct line from Pavlov to PTSD and other anxiety disorders. We explain how rodent studies have informed neuroimaging studies of healthy humans and humans with PTSD. We describe several genes that have been linked to both PTSD and fear conditioning and extinction and explain how abnormalities in fear conditioning or extinction may reflect a general biomarker of anxiety disorders. Finally, we explore drug and neuromodulation treatments that may enhance therapeutic extinction in anxiety disorders.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
VanElzakker MB,Dahlgren MK,Davis FC,Dubois S,Shin LMdoi
10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
3-18eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(13)00242-6journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::One of the major achievements of the last century of research in experimental psychology is the identification of a coherent set of theories and principles to characterize the nature of simple forms of associative learning. Major advances are also currently being made at a rapid pace in the neurobiology of associative...
journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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abstract::Addiction is increasingly discussed asa disorder of associative learning processes, with both operant and classical conditioning contributing to the development of maladaptive habits. Stress has long been known to promote drug taking and relapse and has further been shown to shift behavior from goal-directed actions t...
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.05.007
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.11.003
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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doi:10.1006/nlme.1996.0031
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.001
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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journal_title:Neurobiology of learning and memory
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abstract::Although tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been extensively described to influence brain outcomes in a number of disorders, their roles during physiological aging are poorly investigated. In the present study, we investigated whether maintenance of mice in differ...
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