Abstract:
:Tendon stiffness increases as the magnitude and rate of loading increases, according to its viscoelastic properties. Thus, under some loading conditions tendons should become exceptionally stiff and act almost as rigid force transducers. Nonetheless, observations of tendon behavior during multi-joint sprinting and jumping tasks have shown that tendon strain increases whilst muscle strain decreases as the loading intensity increases. The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of external loading intensity on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) behavior during a high-speed single-joint, stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) knee extension task. Eighteen men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) performed single-leg, maximum intensity SSC knee extensions at loads of 20, 60 and 90% of their one repetition maximum. Vastus lateralis fascicle length (L(f)) and velocity (v(f)) as well as MTU (L(MTU)) and tendinous tissue (L(t)) length were measured using high-speed ultrasonography (96 Hz). Patellar tendon force (F(t)) and rate of force development (RFDt) were estimated using inverse dynamics. Results showed that as loading intensity increased, concentric joint velocity and shortening v f decreased whilst F t and RFDt increased, but no significant differences were observed in eccentric joint velocity or peak L(MTU) or L(f). In addition, the tendon lengthened significantly less at the end of the eccentric phase at heavier loads. This is the first observation that tendon strain decreases significantly during a SSC movement as loading intensity increases in vivo, resulting in a shift in the tendon acting as a power amplifier at light loads to a more rigid force transducer at heavy loads.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Earp JE,Newton RU,Cormie P,Blazevich AJdoi
10.1007/s00421-013-2744-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
59-69issue
1eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study investigated the impact of ice vests and hand/forearm immersion on accelerating the physiological recovery between two bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat [mean (SD), 49.1(1.3)°C, RH 12 (1)]. On four occasions, eight firefighters completed two 20-min bouts of treadmill walking (5 km h, 7.5% gradient) wh...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1714-1
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well known. In contrast, the impact of lifelong endurance exercise is less well understood. Long-term high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with changes in cardiac morphology together with electrocardiographic alterations that are believed to be physiologic in natu...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1534-3
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the influence of the frequency of measurement on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during sub-maximal exercise. On two occasions participants performed 35 min sub-maximal treadmill exercise at the same running speed. In both runs RPE was measured after 5 min. Thereafter, RPE was measured at either 10-m...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1041-6
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a soccer match on the cardiac autonomic control of heart rate (HR) in soccer referees. Sixteen Spanish regional and third division referees (11 males: 26 ± 7 years, 74.4 ± 4.1 kg, 178 ± 3 cm, Yo-Yo IR1 ~600-1,560 m; 5 females: 22 ± 3 years, 59.3 ± 4.8 kg, 158 ± 8 c...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2202-y
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the increases in upper- and lower-body muscle strength in premenopausal women performing resistance training (RT) alone or alongside concurrent high-intensity interval training (CT). METHODS:Sixteen women (26-40 years) were randomly assigned into two groups that performed either RT or CT. Both group...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3614-0
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Endurance exercise competitions have shown a transient negative effect on global right ventricular (RV) performance. Most published studies are based on terrestrial sports. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cardiac effects after an open water swimming race. METHODS:We evaluated 33 healthy swimmers (mean...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04085-x
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the association of blood lactate concentration [La] and heart rate (HR) with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during 60 min of steady workload cycling. Physically active college-aged subjects (n = 14) completed an exhaustive cycling test to determine VO(2) (peak) and lactate threshold (2.5 mmol ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1311-2
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of our study was to compare long distance runners to body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched healthy controls with respect to bone parameters at all relevant loaded and nonloaded skeletal sites. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of running volume on bone parameters. Twenty elite male runners (21.1 km<1:15 h; ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0060-1
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effects of finger contact force (FCF) and lower arm cooling upon cutaneous blood cell velocity (CBV) in the index finger. CBV of the distal finger-pad of the index finger was measured in eight participants while they exerted different FCF of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.9 and 9.8 N, at significant...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0178-9
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Besides mechanical loading of the back, physiological strain is an important risk factor for low-back pain. Recently a passive exoskeleton (SPEXOR) has been developed to reduce loading on the low back. We aimed to assess the effect of this device on metabolic cost of repetitive lifting. To explain potential eff...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04284-6
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive endurance exercise training (EEET) is accompanied by cardiac remodeling, changes in ventricular function and increased heart failure risk. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to blunt cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure progression in pre-clinical trials...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2270-z
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in blood lactate concentration (BL) and muscle activity patterns during a 15-m speed climbing competition that consisted of ten consecutive climbing actions on a standardized artificial wall in trained rock climbers. METHODS:Twelve trained rock climbers ...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-018-04070-w
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::SCUBA diving is regularly associated with asymptomatic changes in cardiac, pulmonary and vascular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in vascular/endothelial function following SCUBA diving and to assess the potential difference between two breathing gases: air and nitrox 36 (36% oxygen and 64%...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2187-6
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decompression sickness is initiated by gas bubbles formed during decompression, and it has been generally accepted that exercise before decompression causes increased bubble formation. There are indications that exercise-induced muscle injury seems to be involved. Trauma-induced skeletal muscle injury and vigorous exe...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2537-z
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past two decades oxygenation responses to incremental ramp exercise, measured non-invasively by means of near-infrared spectroscopy at different locations in the body, have advanced the insights on the underpinning mechanisms of the whole-body pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response. In healthy s...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3468-x
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the characteristics of vasomotor control in glabrous and nonglabrous skin during dynamic exercise, we compared the vascular responses in both areas to increasing core temperature during the cycle exercise for 30 min at different intensities in the range 20-60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)) in a t...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0219-4
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical description of the regulation of ATP production in muscle cells is presented whereby the activity of OxP can be calculated as a function of (1) free [ADP] as the substrate and (2) a second driving force PhiDelta G (kilojoules per mole) resulting from the difference of free energy Delta G(ox,ap) (kilojou...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0676-3
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO), a short-lived vasoactive substance that has multiple physiological functions, is also involved in skeletal muscle physiology. This work examines the levels of nitrate (the metabolic end-product of NO) in muscle and plasma after different exercise protocols: namely acute, eccentric, cardiac stress an...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0693-2
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten subjects suffering from incomplete spinal cord injuries, clinically diagnosed as walking with Trendelenburg gait, underwent a 2 month therapy program to strengthen their muscles and reduce their gait abnormalities. Therapy involved muscle strengthening and gait training for 2 h a day, 5 days a week in a clinic. Bi...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210100466
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on studies using maximal isometric contractions, it is suggested that fatigue may be elicited due to hyperthermia-induced impairments in central neuromuscular activation. We investigated the effects of passive hyperthermia on isokinetic maximal force production. Twenty young healthy males [peak oxygen uptake 52....
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1062-0
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to determine the effects of plyometric training on both active and passive parts of the series elastic component (SEC) stiffness, and on geometrical parameters [i.e., muscle architecture, muscle and tendon cross-sectional area (CSA)] of the plantarflexors muscle-tendon complex to assess pos...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1667-4
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures (tendon and aponeurosis) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle between men (n=16) and women (n=13). The elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was measured directly b...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0744-8
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the changes in physiological capacity of a heavy-weight rower who obtained seven medals in World Championships and Olympic Games. The investigation was carried out over the last 6 years of the rower's international competition career in comparison with peer champions, and the following 4 years. O...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1028-3
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The facial skin blood flow (SkBF) shows regional differences in the responses to a given stimulation. The facial SkBFs, especially in the eyelid and nose exhibit unique response to physiological and psychological stimuli, but the mechanisms inducing those regional differences remain unclear. To investigate whet...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04109-6
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTDs), such as classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) and Marfan syndrome (MS) share overlapping features like hypermobility and tissue fragility. In clinical practice it remains a challenge to distinguish children and adolescents with HCTD from healthy children. The purp...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3862-7
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation has been designed to confirm the effect of instruction (hard-and-fast instruction compared to fast instruction) upon maximal voluntary isometric force (MVF) and maximal rate of force development (MRFD) in muscle groups which differ with regards to muscle mass and usage. In addition, we took a...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210100451
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a 3-week strength training program of knee extensor muscles on cycling delta efficiency in master endurance athletes. Nine master (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and 8 young (age 25.6 ± 5.9 years) endurance athletes with similar training levels participated in this study. Dur...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2013-1
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten male and ten female young adults trained the knee extensors of one leg eccentrically and those of the other concentrically for 6 weeks, using a gymnasium leg-extension machine. Before and after training, both legs of each subject were tested isometrically for maximum voluntary knee-extensor force, and in both ecce...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004210000221
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations have suggested that changes in contractile protein expression contribute to reductions in skeletal muscle function during congestive heart failure (CHF). Myosin heavy chain (MHC), a major contractile protein, has been shown to undergo alterations in protein isoform expression during CHF. The purp...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0615-3
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article was to establish whether previously reported oxygen-to-mass ratios, used to predict flat and hill-climbing cycling performance, extend to similar power-to-mass ratios incorporating other, often quick and convenient measures of power output recorded in the laboratory [maximum aerobic power (...
journal_title:European journal of applied physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0189-6
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00