Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a 3-week strength training program of knee extensor muscles on cycling delta efficiency in master endurance athletes. Nine master (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and 8 young (age 25.6 ± 5.9 years) endurance athletes with similar training levels participated in this study. During three consecutive weeks, all the subjects were engaged in a strength training program of the knee extensor muscles. Every week, they performed three training sessions consist of 10 × 10 knee extensions at 70% of maximal repetition with 3 min rest between in a leg extension apparatus. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC torque) and force endurance (End) were assessed before, after every completed week of training, and after the program. Delta efficiency (DE) in cycling was evaluated before and after the training period. Before the training period, MVC torque, End, and DE in cycling were significantly lower in masters than in young. The strength training induced a significant improvement in MVC torque in all the subjects, more pronounced in masters (+17.8% in masters vs. +5.9% in young, P < 0.05). DE in cycling also significantly increased after training in masters, whereas it was only a trend in young. A significant correlation (r = 0.79, P < 0.01) was observed between MVC torque and DE in cycling in masters. The addition of a strength training program for the knee extensor muscles to endurance-only training induced a significant improvement in strength and cycling efficiency in master athletes. This enhancement in muscle performance alleviated all the age-related differences in strength and efficiency.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Louis J,Hausswirth C,Easthope C,Brisswalter Jdoi
10.1007/s00421-011-2013-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
631-40issue
2eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effects of a 3-week dietary periodization on immunity and sleep in triathletes. METHODS:21 triathletes were divided into two groups with different nutritional guidelines during a 3-week endurance training program including nine twice a day sessions with lowered (SL group) or maintained (CON...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3446-3
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An intermittent exposure to artificial hypergravity with physical exercise by a human centrifuge may provide a countermeasure against various physiological problems after space flight. To test the effects of hypergravity with ergometric exercise on dynamic regulation of heart rate during weightlessness, we quantified ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1308-x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to the literature the steady-state level of phosphocreatine (PCr) has a linear relationship to the workload during muscle exercise intensities below the lactate threshold, whereas this linearity is impaired during exercise intensities above the lactate threshold. The purpose of this study was to investigate ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1233-z
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study contrasted the effects of load characteristics on coordinative strategies between postural holding and position tracking. Fifteen healthy adults conducted postural holding and sinusoidal tracking with the index finger while manipulated loads (0, 50, and 100 g) were superimposed on an outstretched arm. Oscil...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-0981-1
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although pacing-related research is widely reported, no studies have described the consistency of pacing strategies or their associated energetic contributions. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of pacing and energetic outlay by establishing the typical within and between trial variations during simulate...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1818-7
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on the morphological and functional properties of human lower limb muscles during 20 days of 6 degrees head-down-tilt bed rest. Nine men were randomly assigned to the resistance training group (BR-Tr, n = 5) or the non-training, control gr...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s004210050648
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to compare long distance runners to body mass index (BMI)- and age-matched healthy controls with respect to bone parameters at all relevant loaded and nonloaded skeletal sites. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of running volume on bone parameters. Twenty elite male runners (21.1 km<1:15 h; ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0060-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the possible risks incurred while diving is inert gas narcosis (IGN), yet its mechanism of action remains a matter of controversy. Although providing insights in the basic mechanisms of IGN, research has been primarily limited to animal studies. A human study, in real diving conditions, was needed. Twenty volun...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2391-z
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured diffusing capacity (DLCO), alveolar membrane properties (D (m)), capillary lung volume (V (c)), and alveolar volume (V (A) ) in 20 healthy subjects (12 males; age 32.4 +/- 13 (SD); BMI 21.7 +/- 3; non smokers) at total lung capacity (TLC) and at approximately 80, 60, and 40% TLC. In all subjects, D (m) inc...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0625-2
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise critical power (CP) has been shown to represent the highest sustainable work rate (WR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Parameter estimation, however, depends on 4 high-intensity tests performed, on different days, to the limit of tolerance (T(lim)). In order to establish a milde...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0064-x
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to determine whether brief hypoxic stimuli in a hypobaric chamber are able to elicit erythropoietin (EPO) secretion, and to effectively stimulate erythropoiesis in the short term. In two different experiments, a set of haematological, biochemical, haemorheological, aerobic performance, and medical tes...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210050669
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of intensity fluctuation on metabolic responses during and after exercise. Twenty-four males and 24 females were randomly assigned into one of the four groups consisting of 12 subjects of equal gender. Each group performed one of four 30-min exercise protocols...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0424-9
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While there is some controversy whether anaerobic capacity might be improved after altitude training little is known about changes in anaerobic capacity during hypoxic exposure in highly trained athletes. In order to analyze the effects of acute moderate normobaric hypoxia on anaerobic capacity, 18 male competitive tr...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0473-0
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated fasting plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level is a vascular disease risk factor. Plasma Hcy is affected by 5,10-methylenetetrahydofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype and dietary folate intake. This cross-sectional study in 434 Japanese adults examined the associations among objectively measured physical activity (PA)...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1926-z
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of this study were firstly to compare and investigate localised fatigue in the upper trapezius muscle in various arm positions as assessed by mechanomyographic (MMG) and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals and secondly to study the effects of different normalisation methods on MMG and EMG signals duri...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0655-8
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) on exercise hemodynamics in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers. METHODS:Thirty-eight, MetS participants were randomly assigned to a training (TRAIN) or to a non-training control (CONT) group. TRAIN consisted ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3697-7
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the hypothesis that the duration of aerobic-based cycle exercise would affect the adaptations in substrate and metabolic regulation that occur in vastus lateralis in response to a short-term (10 day) training program. Healthy active but untrained males (n = 7) with a peak aerobic power ([Formul...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2434-5
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatality of deep hypothermia in non-hibernating mammals follows the cessation of respiration and heart beat, and a massive influx of calcium (Ca(++)) into cells. This review presents evidence relating to restoration of key physiological functions during hypothermia in several animal preparations. For example, in a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0875-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the validity of RR intervals and short-term heart rate variability (HRV) data obtained from the Polar V800 heart rate monitor, in comparison to an electrocardiograph (ECG). METHOD:Twenty participants completed an active orthostatic test using the V800 and ECG. An improved method for the identificatio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3303-9
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine and compare the acute effects of moderate-intensity continuous and accumulated exercise in three bouts with different intervals on arterial stiffness. METHOD:Nineteen healthy young males (mean age = 24.7 years) were randomized to no-exercise control (CON), continuous exercise (CE, 30-min cycling), a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3195-8
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of this study were to compare the acute cardiorespiratory responses and muscle oxygenation trends during incremental cycle exercise to exhaustion with those observed during 30 s and 45 s Wingate tests in healthy men and women, and to examine the relationships between selected variables among these tests. ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000372
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of ACE gene on athletic performance has been widely explored, and most of the published data refers to an I/D polymorphism leading to the presence (I allele) or absence (D allele) of a 287-bp sequence in intron 16, determining ACE activity in serum and tissues. A higher I allele frequency has been report...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1080-z
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared to active recovery only on the resolution of inflammation and markers of muscle damage post-exercise. METHODS:Nine physically active men (n = 9; age 20‒35 years) performed an intens...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04481-8
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Cold injuries are more prevalent in individuals of African descent (AFD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of extremity cooling on skin blood flow (SkBF) and temperature (T sk) between ethnic groups. METHODS:Thirty males [10 Caucasian (CAU), 10 Asian (ASN), 10 AFD] undertook three tests in 30 °C air whils...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2962-2
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trends in industry are leaning toward stereotyped jobs with low workloads. Physical variation is an intervention to reduce fatigue and potentially musculoskeletal disorders in such jobs. Controlled laboratory studies have provided some insight into the effectiveness of physical variation, but very few have been devote...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2375-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intramuscular and surface electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from the left and right upper trapezius muscle of eight healthy male subjects during 5-min long static contractions at 2% and 5% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. Intramuscular signals were detected by wire electrodes while surf...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1261-8
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Walking is a complex locomotor process that involves both spinal cord reflexes and cortical integration of peripheral nerve input. Maintaining an upright body position requires not only neuromuscular activity but also cardiovascular regulation. We postulated that plantar mechanical stimulation might modulate au...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3479-7
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance. METHODS:Ten cyclists (VO₂ = 65 ± 9 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials prece...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2914-x
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of sports activities in the over forties has increased the number of middle-aged patients performing heavy-load exercise. The normal response of ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP) and ankle to brachial index (ABI) to intense exercise is known in young athletes, but little is known for other age group...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0105-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.7+/-4...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0523-7
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
