Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures (tendon and aponeurosis) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle between men (n=16) and women (n=13). The elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was measured directly by ultrasonography, while the subjects performed ramp isometric plantar flexion up to the voluntary maximum, followed by a ramp relaxation. The relationship between the estimated muscle force (Fm) and tendon elongation (L) during the ascending phase was fitted to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness. The percentage of the area within the Fm- L loop to the area beneath the curve during the ascending phase was calculated as hysteresis. The L values at force production levels beyond 50 N were significantly greater for women than for men. The maximum strain (100xDeltaL/initial tendon length) was significantly greater in women [9.5 (1.1)%] than in men [8.1 (1.6)%]. The stiffness and Young's modulus were significantly lower in women [16.5 (3.4) N/mm, 277 (25) MPa] than in men [25.9 (7.0) N/mm, 356 (32) MPa]. Furthermore, the hysteresis was significantly lower in women [11.1 (5.9)%] than in men [18.7 (8.5)%, P=0.048]. These results suggest that there are gender differences in the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures and that these might in part account for previously observed performance differences between the genders.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Kubo K,Kanehisa H,Fukunaga Tdoi
10.1007/s00421-002-0744-8keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
520-6issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
88pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:This study assessed the utility of the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) and the Eston-Parfitt (EP) Scale in estimating peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) in children, during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill. METHODS:Fifty healthy children (n = 21 boys; 9.4 ± 0.9 years) complete...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3377-z
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the timecourse of recovery of immunoendocrine responses following prolonged cycling. With the approval of the Ethics Committee, ten healthy men (age 21.6+/-0.9 years, height 1.77+/-0.01 m, body mass 66.9+/-1.8 kg, VO2max 54.2+/-2.0 ml kg(-1) min(-1); means+/-SEM) performed either...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0529-1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of the present study were to (1) characterize viscoelastic creep in vivo in the human skeletal muscle-tendon unit and (2) to examine the consistency of these responses during a single 30-s stretch. Twelve volunteers (mean +/- SD = 22 +/- 3 years; height = 169 +/- 11 cm; mass = 70 +/- 17 kg) participated i...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1284-2
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aimed to compare muscle architecture and electromyographic activity during isotonic (IT) and isokinetic (IK) knee extensors eccentric contractions. Seventeen subjects were assigned in test and reproducibility groups. During test session, subjects performed two IT and two IK sets of eccentric contract...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1894-3
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the validity of an new methodological approach to the calculation of oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) [i.e. the use of exercise end-points based on fractions of heart rate reserve (HR(res))], as an alternative to the traditional time-based calculation. Twenty-nine healthy sedentaries >60 years of age (1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0545-1
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of isolated muscle metaboreflex activation on spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), and to characterize the potential sex-related differences in this interaction in young healthy subjects. METHODS:40 volunteers (20 men and 20 women, age: 22 ± 0.4 year) were recruited. Aft...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4004-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to determine metabolic and respiratory adaptations during intense exercise and improvement of long-sprint performance following six sessions of long-sprint training. Nine subjects performed before and after training (1) a 300-m test, (2) an incremental exercise up to exhaustion to determine the veloci...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2018-9
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the peak and submaximal metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during steady-state arm-powered (AP) and arm-trunk-powered (ATP) handbike ergometry. Twelve male able-bodied participants with no prior experience in handcycling completed a maximal progressive incremental test a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2051-8
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Supra-tolerance head-to-foot directed gravitoinertial load (+Gz) typically induces a sequence of symptoms/signs, including loss of: peripheral vision-central vision-consciousness. The risk of unconsciousness is greater when anti-G-garment failure occurs after prolonged rather than brief exposures, presumably be...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3499-3
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe the force/velocity and power/velocity relationships obtained during squat exercise. The maximal force (F0) was extrapolated from the force/velocity relationship and compared to the isometric force directly measured with the aid of a force platform placed under the subject's fe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/PL00007956
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Walking is a complex locomotor process that involves both spinal cord reflexes and cortical integration of peripheral nerve input. Maintaining an upright body position requires not only neuromuscular activity but also cardiovascular regulation. We postulated that plantar mechanical stimulation might modulate au...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3479-7
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The current study sought to investigate the role of recovery intensity on the physiological and perceptual responses during cycling-based aerobic high-intensity interval training. METHODS:Fourteen well-trained cyclists ([Formula: see text]: 62 ± 9 mL kg-1 min-1) completed seven laboratory visits. At visit 1, t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04535-x
更新日期：2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise is the example par excellence of the body functioning as a physiological system. Conventionally we think of the O(2) transport process as a major manifestation of that system linking and integrating pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematological and skeletal muscular contributions to the task of getting O(2) from t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1955-7
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence following activities with a high eccentric component. Alterations to the torque-velocity relationship following EIMD would appear to have serious implications for athletic performance, particularly as they relate to impairment of maximal intensity exercise. ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1357-9
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the changes occurring in interstitial metabolite concentrations and blood flow in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle during the post-exercise recovery period following a single 2-h bout of one-legged exercise. In addition, the effect of microdialysis perfusion with insulin or the in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0753-3
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we investigated force loss and recovery after eccentric exercise, and further characterized profound losses in muscle function (n = 192 subjects--98 males, 94 females; population A). Maximal voluntary contractile force (MVC) was assessed before, immediately after, and at 36 and 132 h after eccentric exer...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000346
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Swimming is a popular activity for Australian women with proven cardiovascular benefits yet lacks the features thought necessary to stimulate positive adaptive changes in bone. Given that peak bone mass is attained close to the end of the second decade, we asked whether swimming was negatively associated with bone min...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2305-5
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 26 sedentary adults [mean age 48.4 (SD 6.4) years] were allocated randomly into either a non-exercising control group (CON, n =9) or an exercise group (EX, n = 17) that trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks using a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS). Training intensity and duration progressed from 50% of hear...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s004210100435
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.7+/-4...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0523-7
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the effects of combined cooling and lower body heat maintenance during half-time on second-half intermittent sprint performances. METHODS:In a repeated measures design, nine males completed four intermittent cycling trials (32.1 ± 0.3 °C and 55.3 ± 3.7% relative humidity), with either one o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04177-8
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic behavior of the high-frequency component (HF > 0.15 Hz) of heart rate variability (HRV) and the respiratory frequency in relation to the anaerobic threshold (AT). Twenty-two healthy subjects [mean (SD) age: 24 (6) years, height: 175 (10) cm, body mass: 65 (11) kg] compl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000302
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical training induces beneficial adaptations, but exhausting exercise increases reactive oxygen species, which can cause muscular injuries with consequent inflammatory processes, implying jeopardized performance and possibly overtraining. Acute strenuous exercise almost certainly exceeds the benefits of physical a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1967-3
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole-body vibration (WBV) is being promoted as an efficient complement to resistance training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week program of WBV in combination with resistance training on knee extensors muscular performance. A group of 29 young adults (25 men, 4 women; age 21.8 ± 1.5) p...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2091-0
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Participation in at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity on most days is assumed to confer health benefits. This study accordingly determined whether the more vigorous household and garden tasks (sweeping, window cleaning, vacuuming and lawn mowing) are performed by middle-aged men at a moderate intensity of 3-...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0932-1
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Velocity at VO(2 max) (vV(.)O(2 max)) and peak treadmill velocity (PTV) are variables highly predictive of endurance performance. However, how these variables are affected by the menstrual cycle is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the menstrual cycle on vV(.)O(2 max) and PTV. Ten, female runn...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1272-5
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All studies on the oxygen uptake (VO2) slow component have been carried out for the sporting disciplines of cycling or running, but never for swimming. Considering that front crawl swimming is a sport discipline that is fundamentally different from both running and cycling, the aim of this study was to verify whether ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000348
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The curvature constant (W') and asymptote (critical power; CP) of the power-duration relationship are important parameters for explaining cycling performance. Short-duration endurance cycling events rely more heavily on the W'; however, the full mechanistic underpinning of this parameter is yet to be determined...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3807-1
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise activates neutrophil burst and this effect is dependent on training status and exercise intensity. In this study, the chronic effect of treadmill exercise on phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen metabolites and expression of NADPH oxidase components in rat neutrophils was investigated. Neutrophils were...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0414-y
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of shock attenuation during high-speed running. Maximal running speed was identified for each subject [n = 8 males, 25 (SD 4.6) years; 80 (8.9) kg; 1.79 (0.06) m] as the highest speed that could be sustained for about 20 s on a treadmill. During testing, ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0646-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a placebo-controlled study, the effects of intermittent hypoxic exposures (IHE) or a placebo control for 10 days, were examined on the extent of exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH), cerebral and muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) and VO(2peak). Eight athletes who had previously displayed EIH (fall in satu...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0616-3
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
