Abstract：
:The purposes of the present study were to (1) characterize viscoelastic creep in vivo in the human skeletal muscle-tendon unit and (2) to examine the consistency of these responses during a single 30-s stretch. Twelve volunteers (mean +/- SD = 22 +/- 3 years; height = 169 +/- 11 cm; mass = 70 +/- 17 kg) participated in two separate experimental trials. Each trial consisted of a 30-s constant-torque stretch of the plantar flexor muscles. Position (degrees) values were quantified at every 5-s period (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 s) and the percent change in position was quantified for each 5-s epoch (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, and 25-30 s) relative to the total increase in the range of motion. In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard errors of the measurement (SEM) were calculated for test-retest reliability. These results indicated that position increased over the entire 30-s stretch (P < 0.05), while the majority of the increases in position (73-85%) occurred during the first 15-20 s. ICC values were >or = 0.994 and SEM values (expressed as percentage of the mean) were journal_name journal_title authors doi subject pub_date pages issue eissn issn journal_volume pub_type
abstract：:Loading of the low back tissues induces tension-relaxation in the viscoelastic connective tissues. The extent to which repetitive loading influences the muscle activation and subsequent muscle force production has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the myoelectric activity of the trunk m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1742-x
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological effects of 3000-m swimming on subsequent 3-h cycling time trial performance in ultraendurance triathletes. Eight highly trained ultraendurance triathletes [mean (SEM) age 34 (2) years, body fat 12.5 (0.8)%, maximum oxygen consumption 63.2 (2.1) ml x kg(-1) x m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s004210000229
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overload principle of training states that training load (TL) must be sufficient to threaten the homeostasis of cells, tissues, organs and/or body. However, there is no "golden standard" for TL measurement. The aim of the present study was to investigate if post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) could be used to e...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2031-z
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the influence of the frequency of measurement on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during sub-maximal exercise. On two occasions participants performed 35 min sub-maximal treadmill exercise at the same running speed. In both runs RPE was measured after 5 min. Thereafter, RPE was measured at either 10-m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1041-6
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Acute breath-holding deprives the human body from oxygen. In an effort to protect the brain, the diving response is initiated, coupling several physiological responses. The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to apnea at the cardiac, peripheral and cerebral level. METHODS:31 physicall...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We analyzed the best performance times of master cycling athletes in the 200-3000 m track competitions to estimate the decay of maximal aerobic power (MAP) and anaerobic capacity (AnS) with aging. METHODS:In various decades of age (30-80 years), MAP and AnS were estimated using an iterative procedure as the va...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3396-9
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous studies suggest that exercise and heat stress improve cutaneous endothelial function, caused by increases in shear stress. However, as vasodilatation in the skin is primarily a thermogenic phenomenon, we investigated if shear stress alone without increases in skin temperature that occur with exercise a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3732-8
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herein, the principles of homoeostasis are re-visited, but with an emphasis upon repeated homoeostatic disturbances that give rise to physiological adaptation. The central focus is human heat adaptation, and how, for experimental purposes, one might standardise successive adaptation stimuli, and then evaluate and comp...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04489-0
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on changes in muscle force, activation, and the spinal reflex pathway during and after repeated sprint cycling. METHODS:Eight recreationally active men (high-intensity cardiorespiratory training > 3 times per week, > 6 months) completed two exercise sess...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04359-9
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether stiffness of the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscles is altered immediately after and 48 h after a single bout of maximal eccentric exercise of the knee extensor muscles. METHODS:Thirteen healthy individuals [group mean (SD) age 22.4 (3.5) years; 7 female] performed a single bout of max...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3903-2
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to evaluate whether physiological strain is alleviated by a new personal cooling system (CS) consisting of a layered vest and integrated blower that generate a flow of air. Twelve male volunteers were exposed to climatic conditions of 40 degrees C, 40%RH (40/40), and 35 degrees...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0716-8
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research is conflicting concerning the minimum time duration needed to elicit a growth hormone (GH) response to aerobic exercise; thus, the purpose of this project was to examine the effects of mode and duration on exercise-induced GH responses in young women taking oral contraceptives. Nine healthy young fem...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0863-x
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 20 days bed-rest on the elastic properties of tendon structures of the human knee extensor muscles in vivo. Six healthy men carried out a 6 degrees head-down bed-rest for 20 days. Muscle volume and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque of the quadriceps ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000309
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypoxic model was used to investigate changes in localized cerebral and muscle haemodynamics during knee extension (KE) in healthy individuals. Thirty-one young healthy volunteers performed one set of KE until failure under hypoxia (14 % O(2)) or normoxia (21 % O(2)) at 50, 75 or 100 % of 1 repetition maximum, in ra...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2408-7
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the effects of thermal stress on the blood pressure variability and the arterial baroreceptor-cardiac reflex during orthostatic stress, 11 male volunteers underwent whole body thermal stress using a cool or hot water-perfused suit during 5 min of 70 degrees head-up tilt (HUT). The spontaneous variability in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100387
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stressful exercise results in temporary immune depression. However, the impact of exercise on the immune responses via toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, which recognizes the common viral genomic feature, single-stranded RNA, remains unclear. To clarify the effect of stressful exercise on immune function in response to viral...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1560-1
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen male students exercised for 14 days (1 h/day) in the heat for heat acclimation (HA). During deacclimation (DA) one group exercised in the cold (EXG, n=8) for 60 min/day (morning) and was exposed to the cold for another hour (afternoon) for 14 days. The other group was exposed to the cold (EPG, n=8) for 1 h eac...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0012-9
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3735-5
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effects of the world's most challenging mountain ultra-marathon (Tor des Géants(®) 2012) on the energy cost of three types of locomotion (cycling, level and uphill running) and running kinematics. METHODS:Before (pre-) and immediately after (post-) the competition, a group of ten male experience...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2824-y
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolonged immobilization of the human body results in functional impairments and musculoskeletal system deconditioning that may be attenuated by adequate muscle exercise. In a 56-day horizontal bed rest campaign involving voluntary males we investigated the effects of vibration muscle exercise (RVE, 2x6 min daily) on ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0160-6
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It is a widely accepted premise in the scientific community and by athletes alike, that adding resistance exercise to a regular regimen of endurance training increases endurance performance in endurance-trained men. However, critical power (CP), capillarization, and myofiber size remain unaffected by this addit...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2752-2
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine for the first time by repeated non-invasive 13C-NMR spectrometry whether blood lactate concentration affects glycogen reduction in non-exercising muscle during prolonged (6 h) physical exercise in healthy adult males. Such an effect would indirectly show that glycogenolysis i...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1109-2
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In adults, exercise is a powerful and natural stimulator of immune cells and adhesion molecules. Far less is known about these exercise responses during childhood and whether or not exercise in real-life activities of healthy children might influence immune responses. We compared laboratory exercise (10 x 2 min period...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100505
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and time to exhaustion during arm cranking exercise while exercising at two different constant-load exercise intensities in able-bodied and paraplegic individuals. The second aim of this study was to assess the rate of change in the RPE be...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1722-1
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Many physiological maladaptations persist after overreaching and overtraining resistance exercise (RE). However, no studies have investigated changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) after overtraining in humans, despite their critical role regulating exercise-induced muscular adaptations. The purpos...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3492-x
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine sex- and menstrual cycle-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to heat exposure, ten young women and six young men were heated passively by immersing their legs in water heated to 42 degrees C for 60 min (in ambient conditions of 30 degrees C and 45% relative humidity). The women underwent heat ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1303-2
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of present study was to investigate plasma adiponectin response to acute exercise in highly trained male rowers. Ten rowers performed a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test [mean performance time approximately 20 min; 1,200.8 (29.9) s], and venous blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1238-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared between alternating and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for muscle oxygenation and blood volume during isometric contractions. Nine healthy men (23-48 years) received alternating current EMS (2500 Hz) modulated at 75 Hz on the knee extensors of one leg, and pulsed current EMS (75...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1699-9
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of aging on postural control and cognitive performance in single- and dual-tasking. METHODS:A cross-sectional comparative design was conducted in a university motion analysis laboratory. Young adults (n = 30; age 21.9 ± 2.4 years) and older adults (n = 30; age 71.9 ± 6.4 years) were ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2740-6
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different intermittent myofeedback training schedules, as provided by a Cinderella-based myofeedback system, on learning relaxation and resistance to extinction of the trapezius muscle, in subjects performing a unilateral gross-motor task. Eighteen healthy subj...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1161-y
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
