Abstract：
:For over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that 'open circuit diluted flow' is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated VO2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min-1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min-1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Schoffelen PFM,Plasqui Gdoi
10.1007/s00421-017-3735-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-49issue
1eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327pii
10.1007/s00421-017-3735-5journal_volume
118pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract：:In this study, we compared the biomechanical and physiological responses of healthy men and women during bilateral load carriage while they walked on a treadmill at their self-selected velocity. Eleven men mean (SD) maximal oxygen uptake, [VO(2)(max) = 56.0 (7.1) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] and 11 women [VO(2)(max) = 44.6 ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/PL00013800
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decompression sickness is initiated by gas bubbles formed during decompression, and it has been generally accepted that exercise before decompression causes increased bubble formation. There are indications that exercise-induced muscle injury seems to be involved. Trauma-induced skeletal muscle injury and vigorous exe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2537-z
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local muscle fatigue can originate from both peripheral and central factors. The relative contribution of these factors in the course of a fatiguing contraction in 20 healthy subjects was determined. While subjects made a 2-min sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the biceps brachii, muscle fibre conductio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0913-4
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), the products of salicylate trapping of hydroxyl free radicals, and glutamate release in the striatum during acute ischemia and reperfusion. Non-HBO rats (n...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1229-9
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most important anatomical determinants of in vivo joint moment magnitude have yet to be defined. Relationships between maximal knee extensor moment and quadriceps muscle volume, anatomical (ACSA) and physiological (PCSA) cross-sectional area, muscle architecture and moment arm (MA) were compared. Nineteen untraine...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0972-7
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The unwanted variability in dynamometric measurements limits accurate interpretation of these measurements. Although unpredictable variability in measurements has been identified repeatedly, few studies have investigated strategies for reducing measurement error. This study investigated the effect of preload on variab...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-001-0557-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes of the normal gravitational acceleration are known to affect sensorimotor performance. For example, subjects exposed to three times the normal terrestrial acceleration (+3 Gz) in a centrifuge will produce exaggerated isometric force. The present study compares the effects of high-Gz to that of micro-Gz on isom...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0591-8
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on lumbar muscle oxygenation oscillations in healthy men based on the wavelet transform of near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Twelve healthy participants were exposed to WBV at frequencies of 3, 4.5 and 6 Hz while muscle oxygenation s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2298-0
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests that strong ions can exist reversibly bound to proteins in a pH-dependent manner and that they can be recruited into the biological solution, modulating its strong ion difference in a process that opposes the acid base disturbances imposed on the system. These recruitable strong ions represent the so...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1803-1
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microdialysis presents the unique possibility to measure metabolite concentrations in human interstitial fluid. During exercise, the recovery of these metabolites should be precisely monitored since it is known to increase greatly with muscle blood flow. The loss of ethanol, perfused at low concentration, can be accur...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1099-0
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the effects of different hypoxia severities on exercise capacity, cardio-respiratory, tissue oxygenation and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics in response to exhaustive intermittent cycling. METHODS:Eleven well-trained cyclists, repeated supra-maximal cycling efforts of 15 s (30% of anaerobic po...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04495-2
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the cardiorespiratory response and muscle recruitment [as determined by electromyography (EMG)] of 37 McArdle patients [19 males, 37.4 ± 2.8 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 4.7 kg m(-2)] and 33 healthy controls (18 males, 36.4 ± 10.0 years, BMI: 25.7 ± 3.8 kg m(-2)) during cycle-ergometer exercise (an...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1585-5
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Through time- and frequency-domain analysis, we compared the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) following night sleeping and morning awakening in individuals with and without acute mountain sickness (AMS). METHOD:Thirty-nine nonacclimatised healthy individuals wer...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3555-7
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This pilot study investigated differences in lean tissue mass, muscle strength, muscle quality (strength per unit of muscle mass; MQ), and functional performance in healthy younger and older individuals. The most robust predictors of appendicular lean mass (ALM) were then determined in each group. METHODS:Fift...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04107-8
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the influence of prior endurance exercise on hormonal responses to subsequent resistance exercise. Ten males exercised on a cycle ergometer at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake for 60 min and subsequently completed a resistance exercise (bench and leg press, four sets at ten repetitions maximum with an ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1296-x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Previous studies suggest that exercise and heat stress improve cutaneous endothelial function, caused by increases in shear stress. However, as vasodilatation in the skin is primarily a thermogenic phenomenon, we investigated if shear stress alone without increases in skin temperature that occur with exercise a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3732-8
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A self-paced maximal exercise protocol has demonstrated higher [Formula: see text] values when compared against traditional tests. The aim was to compare physiological responses to this self-paced [Formula: see text] protocol (SPV) in comparison to a traditional ramp [Formula: see text] (RAMP) protocol in young...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3508-6
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of active vs. passive recovery on the time to exhaustion for intermittent runs (15 s) at supramaximal velocity (120% of maximal aerobic speed). Twelve male subjects performed a graded test, an intermittent run to exhaustion with active recovery (50% of maximal aerob...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0834-2
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed in relation to pain and injuries in skeletal muscle, but may adversely affect muscle adaptation probably via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) represents an important adaptive response in muscle subjected to ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2606-y
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine if there is a training effect on leptin levels at rest or after prolonged exercise during an 8-month training season of rowers. Eleven trained rowers were evaluated at three sessions (control, early and late) during the season. At the early and late sessions, leptin and insulin c...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-1030-0
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To elucidate the characteristics of vasomotor control in glabrous and nonglabrous skin during dynamic exercise, we compared the vascular responses in both areas to increasing core temperature during the cycle exercise for 30 min at different intensities in the range 20-60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)) in a t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0219-4
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-two untrained men [mean (SD) age 22.5 (5.8) years, height 178.3 (7.2) cm, body mass 77.8 (11.9) kg] participated in an 8-week progressive resistance-training program to investigate the "strength-endurance continuum". Subjects were divided into four groups: a low repetition group (Low Rep, n = 9) performing 3-5 ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0681-6
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional variation in sweating over the body is widely recognised. However, most studies only measured a limited number of regions, with the use of differing thermal states across studies making a good meta-analysis to obtain a whole body map problematic. A study was therefore conducted to investigate regional sweat r...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1744-8
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of a 6-week stretching program on the dynamic passive elastic properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) of unconditioned younger women. After random assignment of 12 women (age 18-31 years) to a stretching group (SG) or to a control group (CG), six subjects in the SG and four subj...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0366-7
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic behavior of the high-frequency component (HF > 0.15 Hz) of heart rate variability (HRV) and the respiratory frequency in relation to the anaerobic threshold (AT). Twenty-two healthy subjects [mean (SD) age: 24 (6) years, height: 175 (10) cm, body mass: 65 (11) kg] compl...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000302
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a disparity in the information about the heritability of the response of muscle anaerobic metabolism to exercise and the use of explosive power, as well as a lack of information concerning the genetic determinants of this form of work, as measured using different specific physical tests. We applied a battery ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100522
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Arterial blood pressure variations are an independent risk factor for end organ failure. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a sign of a healthy cardiovascular system. However, whether RSA counteracts arterial blood pressure variations during the respiratory cycle remains controversial. We restricted normal R...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-3042-3
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drowsiness and increased tendency to fall asleep during daytime is still a generally underestimated problem. An increased tendency to fall asleep limits the efficiency at work and substantially increases the risk of accidents. Reduced alertness is difficult to assess, particularly under real life settings. Most of the...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0807-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)-type fatigue is associated with acute and delayed functional defects, and appears to be a useful model to reveal the flexibility of both central and reflex adjustments to the contractile failure. SSC fatigue was induced in an experimental (EXP) group (n=6) on a sledge ergometer with an e...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1221-3
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle temperature has a profound effect on the neuromuscular system of young individuals, however, little is known about the effects of altered temperature on the muscles of older individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of altered local temperature on maximal torque and electromyography s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1245-9
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
