Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Gender differences in overall neonatal survival and in short term pulmonary outcome have been reported. Furthermore gender differences in childhood chronic lung disorders have been described all in favor of females. METHODS:A typical survey on published data regarding gender differences in lung development has been carried out. RESULTS:1. Structural aspects of lung development: Lung development is regulated by a number of genes, being differently active in the terminal saccular and alveolar period. Gender differences have been described among others for regulation of vascular-endothelial and platelet derived growth factors (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which are active during early lung development with a permissive effect of estrogens mediated by estrogen receptor beta (ER-β). 2. Functional aspects of lung development: Functional components of lung development mainly include surfactant synthesis. Regulation of surfactant protein synthesis was shown to be positively regulated by estrogens, thus favoring lung maturation in females. 3. Lung development and pregnancy complications: Inflammatory alterations induced by LPS lead to larger lung volumes under experimental conditions in females, whereas pulmonary prognosis after impaired intrauterine growth is not affected as clearly by gender. CONCLUSION:Epidemiological findings indicating an impaired male prognosis in neonatal lung disorders which can at least in part be explained by above described experimental findings. Increased estrogen concentrations in females acting via ER-β may be a key for understanding these findings. :Geschlechtsunterschiede im Gesamtüberleben und in der pulmonalen Morbidität während der Neugeborenenperiode sind allgemein bekannt. Insbesondere werden Unterschiede zwischen beiden Geschlechtern in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung chronischer Lungenerkrankungen im Kindesalter beschrieben, wobei alle Autoren die Mädchen im Vorteil sehen.Für unsere Übersichtsarbeit wurden in der Literatur publizierte Daten über sexuellen Dimorphismus der neonatalen Lungenentwicklung gesichtet und ausgewertet.1. Strukturelle Aspekte der Lungenentwicklung: die fetale Lungenentwicklung wird durch eine Anzahl von Genen reguliert, die während der (späten) sakkulären und alveolären Phase unterschiedlich aktiviert sind. Neben anderen Modulatoren, wird auch eine geschlechtsabhängige Regulation der Wachstumsfaktoren VEGF und PDGF berichtet, die während der Frühphase der Lungenreifung eine wichtige Rolle spielen und die durch Östrogen, vermittelt über Östrogenrezeptor β (ER-β), positiv beeinflusst werden. 2. Funktionelle Aspekte der Lugenentwicklung: die Surfactant-Synthese ist die wesentliche Komponente der funktionellen Lungenreifung. Östrogene zeigen einen günstigen Effekt auf die Surfactantproteinbildung, sodass Mädchen bei der Lungenreifung einen Vorteil aufweisen. 3. Lungenentwicklung und Schwangerschaftskomplikationen: unter experimentellen Bedingungen entwickeln weibliche Tiere durch LPS-induzierte, inflammatorische Prozesse größere Lungenvolumina. Jedoch beeinflusst das Geschlecht nicht eindeutig die pulmonale Prognose bei eingeschränktem intrauterinem Wachstum. Die epidemiologischen Daten belegen für das männliche Geschlecht hinsichtlich neonataler Lungenerkrankungen und Atemstörungen eine schlechtere Prognose, die nur teilweise durch die oben aufgeführten Ergebnisse der experimentellen Studien erklärt werden kann. Die ER-β-vermittelten Effekte der hohen Östrogenkonzentrationen bei Mädchen könnten der entscheidende Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Ergebnisse sein.
journal_name
Klin Padiatrjournal_title
Klinische Padiatrieauthors
Gortner L,Shen J,Tutdibi Edoi
10.1055/s-0033-1333758subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
64-69issue
2eissn
0300-8630issn
1439-3824journal_volume
225pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A paralysis of the left vocal cord was seen by laryngoscopy in a 3-days-old boy with inspiratory stridor. A ductus aneurysm was established by angiocardiography, which was believed to be the cause of the vocal cord paralysis. Within 8 days after the angiocardiography the aneurysm became smaller and the stridor disappe...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026854
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::23 children with acute spinal syndromes are presented. The clinical signs were caused by trauma in 11 patients, by extramedullary tumors in 6, by operations (coarctation of the aorta, scoliosis) in 4 and by encephalomyelitis in 2. Motor signs (flaccid paraplegia or paraparesis, monoplegia, bilateral weakness) and chan...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025246
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::48 patients between one and seventeen years of age were stimulated with GRF (1-29) NH2. Seventeen of them showed a constitutional delay in growth and puberty, twenty-three suffered from growth-hormone deficiency (GHD) and eight had a suspected GHD as a result of pharmacological tests. Although the results demonstrate ...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025510
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1975-1986 6 boys with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus were diagnosed at the age of 3 months to 10 years. Symptoms appeared within the first few weeks of life. The diagnosis was confirmed by polyuria, low urinary osmolality (97-225 mosm/kg H20), hypernatraemia (max. 171 mmol/l) and the missing response t...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026741
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This notebook which is of postcard size contains important information in case of emergency and details about the current illness and treatment. It contains follow-up information about the pattern of growth, endocrinological development and assessment of renal tubular function. The necessary follow-up investigations a...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1046621
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The association between Hepatitis B virus infection and membranous nephropathy has been confirmed by sources in several countries. Most commonly, the illness is seen as a nephrotic syndrome. Optimal treatment remains undefined. Antiviral therapies observed with recombinant human interferon alpha may be the b...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9689
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We present an unusual case of neonatal liver failure. Isolated ascites was diagnosed in a female fetus at week 34 gestational age upon routine ultrasound. In the 35th week of gestation a cesarean section was carried out after puncture of fetal ascites. After birth the patient showed symptoms and complication...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-970591
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed episodes of peritonitis and/or sepsis associated with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (ns) in 23 children treated between 1975 and 1985 at our clinic. 37.5% of the children with infantile ns, 16% of those with steroidsensible ns, and 13.6% of those with steroidresistant ns developed peritonitis. Children...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1033683
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In children with primary immunodeficiencies, the onset of symptoms precedes the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatment by months or years. This delay in diagnosis is due to the fact that while these disorders are rare, some of the infections seen in immunodeficient patients are common. Defective antibod...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354415
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) in childhood is associated with antibodies produced by the patient himself, which coat his red cells causing their hemolysis. Although in some cases no underlying disease could be found, in the majority of children a virus etiology is apparent. There are very few reports regarding t...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Despite about 3 decades of clinical experience with the therapy of inherited thrombocytopathies (HTP) with desmopressin (DDAVP) the mechanisms of haemostatic effects of DDAVP in these diseases remain unclear. Therefore platelet function diagnostics was carried out in whole blood (WB) from children with aspir...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275347
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:This study prospectively investigated the outpatient once daily therapy with ceftriaxone alone or if necessary in combination with teicoplanin, in the treatment of infections in children and adolescents with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or aplastic anemia. PATIENTS:42 patients 1-22 years of age suf...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025240
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of cytogenetic chimaerism was performed in two children after bone marrow transplantation (bmt) with resp. without T-cell depletion for ANLL. It showed a marked delay of full bone marrow function in the patient with a T-depleted graft. Host type bone marrow cells persisted over many months, whereas they dis...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026783
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reliability and accuracy of the measured ventilatory and lung mechanical parameters of different diagnostic systems (SensorMedics 2600, Med-Science RDS 4500) and respiratory monitoring systems (BI-CORE CP-100, monitor of Babylog 8000) were investigated using a mechanical lung model. The accuracy of pressure and volume...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1046597
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatotoxicity of valproic acid (VPA) is reported in a psychomotor retarded boy. A four-month antiepileptic therapy was followed by a combined VPA/phenytoin treatment where-upon, two months later, the patient died in a hepatic coma. In the final state the metabolic pattern of VPA was still found within the normal rang...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034017
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report of an previously unpublished combination of partial trisomy 9 and a membranous pulmonary atresia with a large conotruncal ventricular septal defect. The dystrophic female, term newborn presented after delivery with microcephaly, prominent nose and several other facial and skeletal deformities. The echocardio...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1043941
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease of infancy and young childhood. The clinical presentation includes recurrent unexplained fever with hepatosplenomegaly. Cytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, spleen and lymphnode confirm the diagnosis. H...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1043876
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the etiology of maldescended testes is multifactorial, dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis should be considered as the most important factor. The hormonal treatment with Gn-RH on its own or followed by hCG can provoke testicular descent and should be applied at 10th month of life. Failure, part...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026745
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report about two patients with compression of the spinal cord caused by lymphosarcomas. In the first patient the tumour was localized in the lumbal region and destroyed two vertebrae. In the second patient the lymphosarcoma also infiltrated the meninx, the cord, and some internal organs. Both children died. ...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prognostic factors to estimate the risk of relapse are crucial for risk-adapted therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a cooperative multicenter treatment study for childhood ALL (COALL-03-85) the prognostic relevance of the bone marrow (BM) blast count at day 28 was evaluated. Treatment was adjusted to the...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025434
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unbalanced structural chromosome aberration was found in a 6-year-old girl. Mother and maternal grandmother were shown to be carriers of a complex balanced translocation involving chromosomes 1, 5 and 15 and are of normal phenotype. The unbalanced status in the proband was defined as a partial trisomy 1p21-1p31. Pa...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026754
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper reported about septicaemia in the neonatal and infant period. Continuing former investigations by Kienitz in the same pediatric clinic we have got a survey from 1933 to 1974. In the last years we saw increasingly more infections with gram-negative organisms, especially by Pyocyaneus with a severe prognosis. ...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Die Fortschritte der molekularen Diagnostik haben neue Türen für die Diagnosestellung, Risikostratifizierung und Präzisionsonkologie für Kinder mit Hirntumoren aufgestoßen. Dieses Wissen konsequent und systematisch in einen klinischen Nutzen zu übertragen wird Aufgabe der kommenden Jahre sein. ...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0750-8353
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently there are 3 pneumococcal vaccines available in Germany. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of the three currently available pneumococcal vaccines to reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. SUBJECTS:Children younger than 16 years who have been hospitalized be...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1268465
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doxorubicin serum levels were measured with a highly specific reversed-phase HPLC-method in patients undergoing combination chemotherapy. Serum elimination kinetics of doxorubicin follow a bi- or triphasic first order pattern with a high interpatient variability. T 1/2 of the first distribution phase was 5.4 min. T 1/...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026889
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe anaphylactic reactions were observed in 2 children, aged 2 and 14 years, with acute lymphocytic leukemia and a 12 month old infant with a functional T-cell defect after intravenous administration of a polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-treated immunoglobulin preparation. All 3 children suffered additionally from hypogamm...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026802
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case is described of a 6 months old infant who developed purulent pericarditis during the course of pneumonia. Pericarditis probably developed in this condition by contiguous spread from the pleura. Diagnosis of impending cardiac tamponade was masked by the occurrence of massive unilateral empyema. The management ...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1033831
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in transcapillary fluid exchange and water homeostasis in health and disease is described. Under pathophysiological circumstances measurement of COP should be preferred to COP value calculation. After extensive COP experiences in critically ill adults and num...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034010
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oscillatory resistance to respiration (Ros) was measured in 218 children and 260 adults using the Siregnost FD5 (Siemens, Erlangen), and compared with whole body plethysmography (Raw) and with spirometry. There was a markedly better correlation between Ros and Raw (r=0.82;n=88) in children than in adults (r=0.53;n...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034434
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:In the prophylaxis of stress ulcers with antacids in young infants there are no recommendations of dosages that consider the physiologic maturation of gastric acid secretion. During the first six month of life the amount of gastric acid secretion in relation to body weight and body surface area increases exp...
journal_title:Klinische Padiatrie
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1043985
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00