Abstract:
:Degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs is an important aspect of the regulation of gene function in eukaryotes. Much of what is currently known about the underlying pathways of mRNA decay is derived from studies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which mRNA turnover is initiated by deadenylation, followed either by decapping and 5'-->3' degradation or by further 3'-->5' exonucleolysis. Our studies using RNA cRACE (circularization-based rapid amplification of cDNA ends) techniques indicate that mRNA decapping in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe often does not require prior deadenylation. Furthermore, the poly(A) polymerase-related, cytoplasmic enzyme Cid1 catalyses uridylation of a variety of functionally diverse poly(A)(+) mRNAs and hence stimulates decapping as part of a novel mRNA turnover pathway. The pathways initiated by uridylation and deadenylation stimulate decapping in a partially redundant fashion, but urg1 mRNA is stabilized in mutants lacking cid1. Accumulation of uridylated RNAs in an lsm1 mutant suggests an involvement of the Lsm1-7 complex in recognition of the 3' uridylation tag and recruitment of the decapping machinery. Recent reports from other groups suggest that in metazoans, which unlike budding yeast contain Cid1 orthologues, 3' uridylation by such enzymes is used to regulate miRNA (microRNA) and siRNA (small interfering RNA) biogenesis and activity. It has further been suggested that uridylation is an important regulatory modification of non-polyadenylated replication-dependent histone mRNAs. This modification may also form the basis of a widespread mechanism for the initiation of the decay of polyadenylated mRNAs in organisms other than fission yeast.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Norbury CJdoi
10.1042/BST0381150subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
1150-3issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0381150journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The mechanical function and the collagen phenotype of the disc are complex, each a hybrid of elements of ligament and cartilage. In detail, the collagen properties are unique. Collagens I and II provide the bulk of the tissue fabric interwoven in opposing radial concentration gradients. From analysis of isolated cross...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300844
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase with the ability to regulate a variety of transport systems. Recent observations point to a role of SGK1 in the regulation of diverse physiological functions such as epithelial transport and cardiac and neuronal excitability. At le...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330213
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum is traditionally perceived as the key compartment for regulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocytic pathway provides an additional regulatory level governing intracellular cholesterol trafficking and homoeostasis. Sterols can enter, and appar...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340392
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway are targets for new herbicides and antibacterial drugs. Until now, no inhibitors for the DOXP synthase have been known of. We show that one of the breakdown products of the herbicide clomazone affects the DOXP synthase. O...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable number of fungal homologues of human apoptotic genes have been identified in recent years. Nevertheless, we are far from being able to connect the different pieces and construct a primary structure of the fungal apoptotic regulatory network. To get a better picture of the available fungal components, we...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0391493
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sugars that are readily respired by plant cells inhibit greening when dO2 and mu are relatively high. As sugar concentration in the batch culture medium is depleted and mu declines, greening is permitted. The mechanism of this effect has not been satisfactorily explained. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0080475
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central role of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor A) in angiogenesis is dependent upon its ability to co-ordinately regulate multiple endothelial functions. The multifunctionality of VEGF at the cellular level results from its ability to initiate a diverse, complex and integrated network of signalling pathw...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311171
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) but genetic factors are of importance, since only a subset of smokers develops the disease. Sex differences have been suggested both in disease prevalence and response to environmental exposures. Furthermore, it has been shown that acquis...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370814
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin to form polymers, i.e. ubiquitin ch...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370937
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is strong evidence for an important role for increased COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression and PG (prostaglandin) E2 production in colorectal tumorigenesis. PGE(2) acts through four E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). COX-2 has therefore become a target for the potential chemoprevention and therapy of colorectal canc...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330667
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extraordinary array of P450 (cytochrome P450) enzymes are encoded on the genome of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and in related mycobacteria and actinobacteria. These include the first characterized sterol 14alpha-demethylase P450 (CYP51), a known target for azole and triazole drugs in yeasts ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341178
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haem (Fe-protoporphyrin IX) is a cofactor found in a wide variety of proteins. It confers diverse functions, including electron transfer, the binding and sensing of gases, and many types of catalysis. The majority of cofactors are non-covalently attached to proteins. There are, however, some proteins in which the cofa...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330792
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvilli are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies on the microvillar proteins ezrin and EBP50 (ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) have revealed both the dynamics and the regulation of microvillar components, and how a dynamic ezrin phosphocycle is necessary to confine m...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20130263
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated K(+) channels are key regulators of neuronal excitability. The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K(+) channel is the major delayed rectifier K(+) channel expressed in most central neurons, where it exists as a highly phosphorylated protein. Kv2.1 plays a critical role in homoeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351064
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA topology changes dynamically during DNA replication. Supercoiling, precatenation, catenation and knotting interplay throughout the process that is finely regulated by DNA topoisomerases. In the present article, we provide an overview of theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the interplay between va...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120281
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitotic spindle is the macromolecular machine utilized to accurately segregate chromosomes in cells. How this self-organized structure assembles is a key aspect of understanding spindle morphogenesis. In the present review, we focus on understanding mechanisms of spindle self-assembly and address how subcellular s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140243
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20120277
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to permit gene expression is managed by a set of relatively well known regulatory mechanisms. Nonetheless, this property can also be acquired during a life span as a consequence of environmental stimuli. Interestingly, some acquired information can be passed to the next generation of individuals without mo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170335
更新日期:2018-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is an abundant and widely expressed RNA-binding protein with four RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. PTB is involved in numerous post-transcriptional steps in gene expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, but has been best characterized as a regulatory repressor of som...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120044
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311062
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381527
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crystal structures combined with biochemical data show that the delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis are structurally poised towards large-scale, irreversible conformational changes that transform them from the soluble protein bound at the cell surface into a membrane-embedded form causing lysis of susceptible...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0290571
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast cells rely on the SPS-sensing pathway to respond to extracellular amino acids. This nutrient-induced signal transduction pathway regulates gene expression by controlling the activity of two redundant transcription factors: Stp1 and Stp2. These factors are synthesized as latent cytoplasmic proteins with N-termina...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370242
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The driving force of the cell cycle is the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Key steps in the regulation of the cell cycle therefore must impinge upon the activities of the CDKs. CDKs exert their functions when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis va...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310366
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the intracellular microenvironment of active muscle tissue, high rates of respiration are maintained at near-limiting oxygen concentrations. The respiration of isolated heart mitochondria is a hyperbolic function of oxygen concentration and half-maximal rates were obtained at 0.4 and 0.7 microM O(2) with substrates...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PD (Parkinson's disease) is an aetiologically heterogeneous disorder characterized by a clinical phenotype consisting of resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Motor symptoms are associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, with Lewy body inclusions within surviving neurons. Although heritability st...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330586
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common phenotypic change in cancer is a dramatic transformation of cellular glycosylation. Functional studies of particular tumour-associated oligosaccharides are difficult to interpret conclusively, but carbohydrate-binding proteins are likely to contribute to progression of the tumour. This review discusses the po...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0390388
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) resides on the outer mitochondrial membrane where it is believed to participate in cholesterol transport and steroid hormone synthesis. Although it is almost ubiquitously expressed, what TSPO does in non-steroidogenic tissues is largely unexplored. Recent studies report changes...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150019
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::[Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular Ca(2+) concentration) oscillations play a central role in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen. Oscillations in T-cells are absolutely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through store-operated CRAC channels (Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) channels), and evidence suggests that they arise from ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310925
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::AS (alternative splicing) and its role in disease, especially cancer, has come to forefront in research over the last few years. Alterations in the ratio of splice variants have been widely observed in cancer. Splice variants of cancer-associated genes have functions that can alter cellular phenotype, ultimately alter...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120026
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00