Abstract：
:Prenatal exposure to testosterone has been shown to affect fetal brain maturation as well as postnatal cognition and behavior in animal studies. Although there are well-established sex-differences in the use of social communication (or 'pragmatic language') in humans, there has been limited investigation of the association between fetal testosterone exposure and postnatal pragmatic language ability. In this prospective study, pragmatic language skills, assessed using a pragmatic language score (PLS), were measured in 78 girls aged 10 years and correlated with testosterone levels in umbilical cord blood. A measure of the biologically active, 'free' fraction of testosterone, the free androgen index (FAI), was positively correlated with the PLS (R=.3). Regression analyses showed that the FAI was a significant, positive predictor of pragmatic language difficulties in girls after controlling for maternal and infant-health variables (B=0.02, 95% confidence interval=0.01-0.04, p=0.02). This is the first prospective study to identify an association between early life testosterone exposure and pragmatic language difficulties in girls. These novel findings are discussed with reference to the 'extreme male-brain' theory of autism.
journal_name
Psychoneuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Psychoneuroendocrinologyauthors
Whitehouse AJ,Maybery MT,Hart R,Mattes E,Newnham JP,Sloboda DM,Stanley FJ,Hickey Mdoi
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
1259-64issue
8eissn
0306-4530issn
1873-3360pii
S0306-4530(10)00052-1journal_volume
35pub_type
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