Abstract：
:The cortisol rise after awakening (CAR) is a frequently applied measure of pituitary-adrenal activity. This measure seems to reflect the acrophase of the diurnal cycle and can easily be assessed in saliva samples, collected by the proband or patient under real life conditions. Since different state and trait factors affect the CAR, we here address the questions (a) to which extent state and trait factors affect the CAR, and (b) how often cortisol measures after awakening have to be taken to obtain reliable results. In this study, we assessed the CAR on 6 consecutive days. After applying structural equation models and correlation analyses, we conclude that (a) the CAR of a single day is determined to a great extent by situational factors and only for a small proportion by trait factors and (b) from two (AUC(t)) to six (AUC(i)) days are necessary to achieve reliable trait measures, since state factors bias data from a single day.
journal_name
Psychoneuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Psychoneuroendocrinologyauthors
Hellhammer J,Fries E,Schweisthal OW,Schlotz W,Stone AA,Hagemann Ddoi
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.10.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
80-6issue
1eissn
0306-4530issn
1873-3360pii
S0306-4530(06)00176-4journal_volume
32pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:Exposure of rodents to cats or certain cat odors results in long-term behavioral effects reminiscent of enhanced anxiety that have been considered to model post-traumatic stress disorder. However, other severe stressors such as tail-shock or immobilization in wooden boards (IMO) appear to induce shorter lasting change...
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