Abstract:
:Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming enteric anaerobe which can infect humans and a wide variety of animal species. Recently, the incidence and severity of human C. difficile infection has markedly increased. In this study, we evaluated the genomic content of 73 C. difficile strains isolated from humans, horses, cattle, and pigs by comparative genomic hybridization with microarrays containing coding sequences from C. difficile strains 630 and QCD-32g58. The sequenced genome of C. difficile strain 630 was used as a reference to define a candidate core genome of C. difficile and to explore correlations between host origins and genetic diversity. Approximately 16% of the genes in strain 630 were highly conserved among all strains, representing the core complement of functional genes defining C. difficile. Absent or divergent genes in the tested strains were distributed across the entire C. difficile 630 genome and across all the predicted functional categories. Interestingly, certain genes were conserved among strains from a specific host species, but divergent in isolates with other host origins. This information provides insight into the genomic changes which might contribute to host adaptation. Due to a high degree of divergence among C. difficile strains, a core gene list from this study offers the first step toward the construction of diagnostic arrays for C. difficile.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Janvilisri T,Scaria J,Thompson AD,Nicholson A,Limbago BM,Arroyo LG,Songer JG,Gröhn YT,Chang YFdoi
10.1128/JB.00222-09subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
3881-91issue
12eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00222-09journal_volume
191pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sato, Ichiei (School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan), Tokumitsu Tanaka, Kazuko Saito, and Susumu Mitsuhashi. Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis ingested in mononuclear phagocytes from liver and subcutaneous tissue of mice immunized with live vaccine. J. Bacteriol. 83:1306-1312. 1962.-In our earlier s...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.83.6.1306-1312.1962
更新日期:1962-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Western immunoblots and assays of Bacillus subtilis extracts showed that intracellular serine protease 1 is produced in a form larger than previously reported, appears not to have undergone N-terminal processing, and is active in the presence or absence of calcium. No evidence for an inactive precursor form of the pro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.1.473-476.1990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spo0A is a DNA binding protein in Bacillus subtilis required for the activation of spoIIG and other promoters at the onset of endospore formation. Activation of some of these promoters may involve interaction of Spo0A and the sigmaA subunit of RNA polymerase. Previous studies identified two single-amino-acid substitut...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.14.3578-3583.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen bacterial strains of marine origin, which formed colonies containing crystals of a blue-black pigment, were submitted to a morphological, physiological, and nutritional characterization. The results indicated that these organisms form a new species of the genus Beneckea. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.108.3.1380-1383.1971
更新日期:1971-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes coding for two structurally different isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes (IDH-I and IDH-II) of a psychrophilic bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1, were cloned and sequenced. Open reading frames of the genes (icdI and icdII) are 1,248 and 2,229 bp in length, respectively. The amino acid sequences predicted fro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.21.6873-6880.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wild-type cells of Aspergillus nidulans synthesize a transport system which appears to be specific for l-glutamate and l-aspartate. The system is energy dependent and concentrates l-glutamate at least 60-fold. In cells grown in the presence of 1% sucrose, l-glutamate uptake activity is regulated by ammonium control, a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.119.2.534-542.1974
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a clonal population structure, and the Latin American-Mediterranean (LAM) family is one of the largest and most widespread within this species, showing evidence for remarkable pathobiology and a confusing phylogeny. Here, we applied robust phylogenetic markers to study the evolution of t...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01485-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The products of phospholipid turnover in Bacillus stearothermophilus were determined in cultures labeled to equilibrium and with short pulses of [32P]phosphate and [2-3H]glycerol. Label lost from the cellular lipid pool was recovered in three fractions: low-molecular-weight extracellular products, extracellular lipid,...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.154.1.294-303.1983
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 have been isolated which carry chromosomal mutations that exhibit pleiotropic effects on the expression of F factor tra cistrons. F pilus synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid transfer, and surface exclusion are all inhibited. Six of the mutants carry sfrA mutations, and six carry sf...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.139.3.730-737.1979
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The control of expression of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIA locus was analyzed by titrating gene expression against gene copy number. A plasmid integrated into the B. subtilis chromosome and carrying the spoIIA control region fused to Escherichia coli lacZ was forced to form tandem repeats by the selection of clones tha...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.3.1260-1266.1987
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smith, P. B. (Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.). Growth of staphylococci on mercuric chloride agar. J. Bacteriol. 84:1016-1019. 1962.-An attempt has been made to corroborate a report that "epidemic" strains of staphylococci are more resistant to mercuric salts than are "nonepidemic" strains. A comparison of m...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.84.5.1016-1019.1962
更新日期:1962-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incA gene product of ColE2-P9 and ColE3-CA38 plasmids is an antisense RNA that regulates the production of the plasmid-coded Rep protein essential for replication. The Rep protein specifically binds to the origin and synthesizes a unique primer RNA at the origin. The IncB incompatibility is due to competition for ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.23.7233-7243.1994
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Klebsiella pneumoniae, products of the nitrogen fixation nifLA operon regulate transcription of the other nif operons. NifA activates transcription by sigma54-holoenzyme. In vivo, NifL antagonizes the action of NifA under aerobic conditions or in the presence of combined nitrogen. In contrast to a previous report, ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.15.4679-4687.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phoP-phoQ operon of Salmonella typhimurium is a member of the family of two-component regulatory systems and controls expression of the phoN gene that codes for nonspecific acid phosphatase and the genes involved in the pathogenicity of the bacterium. The phoP-phoQ operon of Escherichia coli was cloned on a plasmi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.174.2.492-498.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-1-(14)C and acetylglucosamine-1-(14)C were added singly and together with equal amounts of the unlabeled reciprocal to Brain Heart Infusion and used for the culture of Streptococcus pyogenes. The labeling pattern of the rhamnose, glucosamine, and muramic acid in the cell wall supported an intermediary role for...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.94.4.963-965.1967
更新日期:1967-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tat system is a recently discovered protein export pathway that serves to translocate folded proteins, often containing redox cofactors, across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Here we report that tat strains are associated with a mutant cell septation phenotype, where chains of up to 10 cells are evident. Muta...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.1.139-144.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated by attenuation. A trpE'-'lacZ gene fusion preceded by the wild-type trp promoter-leader region was used to analyze regulation. Overproduction of the trp leader transcript in trans from a multicopy plasmid caused constitutive expression of the chromosoma...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.170.7.3080-3088.1988
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sortases are transamidases that covalently link proteins to the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. The genome of the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes encodes two sortases genes, srtA and srtB. The srtA gene product anchors internalin and some other LPXTG-containing proteins to the listerial surface. H...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.186.7.1972-1982.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is required for biofilm formation and virulence of the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and we previously showed that lsrB codes for a receptor for AI-2. The lsrB gene is expressed as part of the lsrACDBFG operon, which is divergently transcribed from an adjacent lsrRK operon. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01476-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA polymerase activities in fractionated cell extract of Aeropyrum pernix, a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote, were investigated. Aphidicolin-sensitive (fraction I) and aphidicolin-resistant (fraction II) activities were detected. The activity in fraction I was more heat stable than that in fraction II. Two different ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.181.19.5984-5992.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in any one of three genes, kdpA, -B, or -C, in Escherichia coli abolish the activity of Kdp, a multisubunit K+-ATPase that belongs to the P-type ATPase family of cation transporters. We found in this study that expression in vivo of a 135-amino-acid-long N-terminal fragment (KdpA'), less than one-quarter the...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.11.3515-3520.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polar pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are composed of subunits encoded by the pilA gene. Expression of pilA requires the alternative sigma factor RpoN and a pair of regulatory elements, PilS and PilR. These two proteins are members of the two-component regulatory family, in which PilS is the sensory component and P...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.3.831-839.1996
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of gram-negative bacteria have a quorum-sensing system and produce N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (AHL) that they use them as a quorum-sensing signal molecule. Pantoea ananatis is reported as a common colonist of wheat heads at ripening and causes center rot of onion. In this study, we demonstrated that P. anana...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01054-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of any given bacterial protein is predicted to depend on (i) the transcriptional regulation of the promoter and the translational regulation of its mRNA and (ii) the synthesis and translation of total (bulk) mRNA. This is because total mRNA acts as a competitor to the specific mRNA for the binding of in...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.11.3037-3044.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of proton movements was assessed in the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. When anaerobic cells in acidic buffer (pH 6.5) were given an O2 pulse, protons were extruded regardless of the presence of Na+. At pH 8.5, however, V. costicola produced an acidic response to an O2 pulse in the absence of Na+ a...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.161.2.681-686.1985
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silicibacter sp. TM1040 is a member of the marine Roseobacter clade of Alphaproteobacteria that forms symbioses with unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton, such as dinoflagellates. The symbiosis is complex and involves a series of steps that physiologically change highly motile bacteria into cells that readily form bio...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00429-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms by which bacteria uptake solutes across the cell membrane broadly impact their cellular energetics. Here, we use functional genomic, genetic, and biophysical approaches to reveal how Clostridium (Lachnoclostridium) phytofermentans, a model bacterium that ferments lignocellulosic biomass, uptakes plant h...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00241-19
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of the inducible penicillinase-producing strain 749 of Bacillus licheniformis, induced with small amounts of benzylpenicillin, synthesized penicillinase at a high rate for a short period, after which the rate of synthesis slowly declined. During the period of active synthesis, the rate of secretion, as a frac...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.97.2.820-826.1969
更新日期:1969-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli WP2 bacteria with an ochre amino acid auxotrophy show no evidence of growth during the first few days after plating at densities above 10(8) on plates lacking the required amino acid. They lose viability for some days, and then a subpopulation recovers and there is cell turnover. At very low plating d...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.11.2906-2910.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of Escherichia coli strains deficient in molybdopterin biosynthesis (moa) to the purine base N-6-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) is mutagenic and toxic. We show that moa mutants exposed to HAP also exhibit elevated mutagenesis, a hyperrecombination phenotype, and increased SOS induction. The E. coli rdgB gene encod...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.10.3101-3110.2003
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00