Viscosity regulation by surfactants.

abstract：:Many cosmetics contain keratolytic hydroxy acids to correct the effects of photoageing on human skin. Although methods exist for quantifying the alpha-hydroxy acid, glycolic acid in aqueous media, accurate methods for quantification in mixed hydrophobic and aqueous cosmetic creams and lotions are lacking. Glycolic aci...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Couch LH,Howard PC

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis Greasy hair is a common problem in Europe. The first step in developing anti-grease hair products must be to establish a sensitive protocol for measuring any changes in perceived hair greasiness. Sensitive clinical trials and in vivo evaluation methods of determining hair greasiness have been developed that s...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Knott CA,Daykin K,Ryan J

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that the shelf-life of products containing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is quite unsatisfactory, and that in this area the adjustment to an acidic pH is the way usually recommended to improve DHA stability. The adoption of this rule, however, is a challenge for the cosmetic chemist not only because of the r...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Pantini G,Ingoglia R,Brunetta F,Brunetta A

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The causative substances for axillary osmidrosis, which are often found in apocrine sweat, are the decomposed/denatured products of short-chain fatty acid and other biological metabolite compounds produced by axillary-resident bacteria. Conventional underarm deodorants suppress the process of odour production mostly b...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Nakane T,Gomyo H,Sasaki I,Kimoto Y,Hanzawa N,Teshima Y,Namba T

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On a daily basis, the skin is exposed to many environmental stressors and insults. Over a 24-h natural cycle, during the day, the skin is focused on protection; while at night, the skin is focused on repairing damage that occurred during daytime and getting ready for the next morning. Circadian rhythm provides the pre...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Dong K,Goyarts EC,Pelle E,Trivero J,Pernodet N

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction and prevention of health care-associated infections is a worldwide priority with emphasis on increasing hand hygiene compliance. Repetitive exposure to hand hygiene products and procedures is a significant factor in the development of occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Compliance has been difficult to ac...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Visscher MO,Randall Wickett R

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular chaperone, heat shock proteins (HSPs), stabilizes intracellular processes of cells under stress. Little is known about the role of molecular chaperone proteins in the skin pathology, rejuvenation and wound healing, or whether their expression is altered by environmental and physiological stress to the skin o...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Babizhayev MA,Nikolayev GM,Nikolayeva JG,Yegorov YE

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variable skin pH values are being reported in literature, all in the acidic range but with a broad range from pH 4.0 to 7.0. In a multicentre study (N = 330), we have assessed the skin surface pH of the volar forearm before and after refraining from showering and cosmetic product application for 24 h. The average pH d...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Lambers H,Piessens S,Bloem A,Pronk H,Finkel P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was a pilot project, set up to assess ageing skin using a multi-disciplinary approach. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of more radical ('medical') treatments in the management of skin ageing would bring superior results and ultimately make people look younger, than the use of cosm...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Tamburic S,Grant-Ross P,Labedzka M,Daniels G

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study focused on the formulation of lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) loaded with mulberry stem extract (MSE). METHODS:The LLC formulation tested used two oils: n-dodecane or tridecyl salicylate, a co-solvent (propylene glycol) and a single (PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate) or mixed surfactant system. The ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Yhirayha C,Soontaranon S,Wittaya-Areekul S,Pitaksuteepong T

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nowadays, flavonoids are present in many cosmetic formulations, mainly in the form of plant extracts. The main reason of still increasing popularity of these substances is their beneficial biochemical activity. The main factor affecting activity of flavonoids in the skin is their skin penetration ability. The studies ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Arct J,Oborska A,Mojski M,Binkowska A,Swidzikowska B

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin firmness, elasticity and tone are gradually lost with age. These changes originate in the dermis and correspond to a decrease in the ability of cells, particularly the fibroblasts, to regenerate the molecules which make up the extracellular matrix. Skin ageing is also characterized by a reduction of the epidermal...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Frei V,Perrier E,Orly I,Huc A,Augustin C,Damour O

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cosmetics are products used over long periods by the public, and their safety is very important. Several types of human tests are used widely for the evaluation of cosmetics including single patch tests, in-use tests, human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT). However, there is no clear and well-defined publi...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： An SM,Ham H,Choi EJ,Shin MK,An SS,Kim HO,Koh JS

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis This study has evaluated the ultraviolet light transmission characteristics of human stratum corneum at the single cell level using a low light level video microscope to measure the mean percentage transmission of light at different wavelengths and the variation in transmission across the stratum corneum. Str...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Philp J,Allcock C

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis The principles on which stability tests are based are reviewed. The need to differentiate between product stability and product-container compatibility is emphasized. Recognition of this distinction is fundamental to the efficient organisation and execution of stability tests. Attention is also drawn to the d...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Cannell JS

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The assessment of many aspects of the structure and biological dynamics of the stratum corneum can be conducted using calibrated stripping with adhesive-coated discs (SACD). Squamometry entails staining SACD samples with a toluidine blue-basic fuschsin ethanol-based solution and reading the colorimetric variable Chrom...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Piérard-Franchimont C,Henry F,Piérard GE

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to perform short-term sensory testing and instrumental (conductivity and rheological) characterization of a fast inverted oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion base, also known as a SWOP (Switch-Oil-Phase) emulsion, and reference o/w and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion bases under various testing ...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Korać R,Krajišnik D,Milić J

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fading of artificial hair colour has been investigated by simulating actual usage conditions through exposure to artificial radiation in a weatherometer, with 0.35 mW (m(2)nm)(-1) at 340 nm, for 16-48 h, and by periodical washing. Hair colour was produced by using commercial two-part, permanent hair dyes with light au...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Locke B,Jachowicz J

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin. It constitutes a permeability barrier that keeps micro-organisms and toxic agents from entering the skin, while retaining water and electrolytes. In order to preserve its colour and elasticity, the skin needs lipids and water. Certain occlusive products in contac...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Marques JP,Basso DS,Nunes AS

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, we tested a new device called skin phototype diagnosis (SPD) built for the purpose of objectively determining skin phototype. We compared its performance with that of phototype determinations according to Fitzpatrick method and on tristimulus colorimetry (Minolta CR-200). Our population consisted...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Rubegni P,Cevenini G,Stanghellini E,Andreassi M,Sbano P,Fabiani P,Andreassi L

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis The study of ternary systems leads to the understanding of the physico-chemical aspect and allows the contribution of the different components to a cosmetic formulation to be developed. The present investigation was centred in the zone of transparent get belonging to a previously studied ternary system contai...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Comelles F,Megias V,Sánchez J,Parra JL,Coll J,Balaguer F,Pelejero C

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this work was to investigate an alternative hair-dyeing method with vegetable colourants as the tannins, as well as the impact of pre-treatment as the bleaching process. METHODS:Untreated, 1, 2 and 3 times bleached hair tresses that were dyed with tannins in combination with metal salts were chara...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Sargsyan L,Vill V,Hippe T

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Xerosis is an abnormally dry and flaky skin condition that is associated with a change in the packing behaviour of the lipid matrix in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. This skin condition can lead to an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). As ultralong-chain fatty acids hav...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Pérez B,Hansen BS,Bulsara PA,Rawlings AV,Clarke MJ,Guo Z

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of different body washing methods on skin texture. METHODS:Subjects were nine healthy women in their 20s. Skin on the inside of the forearms was washed every day for 4 weeks with protective washing (right forearm) and with non-protective washing (left fo...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Matsumoto M,Matsuo J,Dai M,Nishizawa T,Matsui K,Ichikawa Y,Okuwa M,Sugama J,Sanada H

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the homogeneity in the distribution of two cutaneous functions (hydration and elasticity) along the entire human face. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The half faces (right or left, randomly chosen) of two groups of Caucasian women were measured on 24 different small sites (elasticity) and 41 others (hydra...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Pierre J,Francois G,Benize AM,Rubert V,Coutet J,Flament F

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synopsis A rapid method has been developed in order to compare the photostability of several sunscreen agents incorporated in the same type of emulsion. Thin films of the different preparations were spread on quartz plates and irradiated with a solar simulator. Differences in energy distribution according to wavelengt...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Deflandre A,Lang G

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous irritation is a stereotyped response of the skin to any physical or chemical insult. Its main manifestations encompass inflammatory erythema and an alteration of the cutaneous microrelief showing increased roughness, dehydration and erratic desquamation. Several instrumental methods can indirectly assess the...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Uhoda E,Piérard GE

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The deposit and adherence of particulate matter (PM) from aerial pollution onto the surface of human hair is a poorly studied phenomenon. OBJECTIVES:(i) To reproduce in vitro the deposit of known PM on standardized hair swatches in a closed box, (ii) to compare in vitro data with those obtained under 'real-...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Galliano A,Ye C,Su F,Wang C,Wang Y,Liu C,Wagle A,Guerin M,Flament F,Steel A

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present contribution, the properties of dipropylene glycol isobornyl ether (Pribelance) are discussed, especially in the context of microemulsion and emulsion formulations. Pribelance is a new low-toxic anti-foaming hydrotrope with excellent co-surfactant properties that has some similarities with long-chain al...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Schnell E,Touraud D,Gick R,Kunz W

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Several studies have shown that a deterioration of skin properties, an impaired cutaneous microcirculatory function and an imbalance of autonomic nervous activity are observed in smokers and in patients with diabetes mellitus or Raynaud's phenomenon. These observations suggest that skin properties are associa...

journal_title：International journal of cosmetic science

authors： Nomura T,Yoshida-Amano Y,Yoshida K,Fujii A,Tanahashi M,Sugiyama Y,Iwata K,Murase T

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00