Abstract:
:The structural features that determine tRNA(Ala) acceptor identity have been studied with amber-suppressor tRNAs in Escherichia coli cells. Previous work established that a wobble pair composed of guanosine at position 3 and uridine at position 70 (G3-U70) in the acceptor helix of tRNA(Ala) is a determinant of the molecule's acceptor identity. We show that additional determinants are located at three other sites in the acceptor helix and at one site in the variable pocket of tRNA(Ala). These latter determinants are less important than G3.U70 since their individual alterations in mutants of tRNA(Ala) have smaller degrading effects on the functions of the molecules, and subsets of the determinants, when combined with G3.U70, are sufficient to switch the identities of several other tRNAs to that of tRNA(Ala). Other workers are using fragments of the tRNA(Ala) acceptor helix to study the molecule's acceptor identity. Our demonstration that the variable pocket contributes to tRNA(Ala) acceptor identity means that such fragments do not faithfully replicate the structure-function relationship of the cellular process.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
McClain WH,Foss K,Jenkins RA,Schneider Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.88.20.9272subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-10-15 00:00:00pages
9272-6issue
20eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, shows many well-defined responses to a number of external stimuli. Genetic analysis shows that at least eight genes are involved in Phycomyces sensory transduction. As a first step toward the molecular analysis of these genes and their products, we have developed a transformation ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7344
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand the basis for T-cell-specific induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2), we have analyzed nuclear factors from the Jurkat T-lymphoid leukemia cell, which can be induced to secrete IL-2. We have used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to examine binding of proteins to the upstream regulatory region, before a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.9.2934
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subcellular localization of cathepsin B activity (EC 3.4.22.1) in three murine melanomas of increasing metastatic potential (Cloudman less than B16-F1 less than B16 amelanotic) was determined. Cathepsin B activity was localized in the heavy mitochondrial fraction of normal murine liver but in the light mitochondri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2483
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest virus class and include many pathogens such as hepatitis C virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a representative positive-strand RNA virus whose RNA replication, gene expression, and encapsidation have been reproduce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2536857100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in a wide range of regulatory processes in the cell. Owing to their flexibility, their conformations are expected to be particularly sensitive to the crowded cellular environment. Here we use single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer to quantify the effect ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1322611111
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin kappa chain gene formation involves site-specific somatic recombination between one of several hundred germ-line variable region genes and a joining site (or "J segment") encoded close to the constant region gene. We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of major portions of the recombinati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3450
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) [Kubo, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.686
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, it has been reported that there is a differential subcellular distribution of components of the minor U12-dependent and major U2-dependent spliceosome, and further that the minor spliceosome functions in the cytoplasm. To study the subcellular localization of the snRNA components of both the major and minor ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803646105
更新日期:2008-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the DAX-1 [dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region on the X chromosome; NR0B1] gene cause X-linked AHC associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. DAX-1 encodes an unusual orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, acting as a transcriptional rep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.122044099
更新日期:2002-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The sparking of cut grape hemispheres in a household microwave oven has been a poorly explained Internet parlor trick for over two decades. By expanding this phenomenon to whole spherical dimers of various grape-sized fruit and hydrogel water beads, we demonstrate that the formation of plasma is due to electromagnetic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818350116
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::The fact that animal introns are not spliced out in plants suggests that recognition of pre-mRNA splice sites differs between the two kingdoms. In plants, little is known about proteins required for splicing, as no plant in vitro splicing system is available. Several essential splicing factors from animals, such as SF...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.7.3074
更新日期:1996-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Layer 5 pyramidal neurons process information from multiple cortical layers to provide a major output of cortex. Because of technical limitations it has remained unclear how these cells integrate widespread synaptic inputs located in distantly separated basal and tuft dendrites. Here, we obtained in vivo two-photon ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1312599110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::We present here a shorter version of the proof of our earlier work, showing that the von Neumann factor associated with the group Z(2)SL(2,Z) has trivial fundamental group. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2333960100
更新日期:2004-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein E (apoE) secreted by macrophages in the artery wall exerts an important protective effect against the development of atherosclerosis, presumably through its ability to promote lipid efflux. Previous studies have shown that increases in cellular free cholesterol levels stimulate apoE transcription in mac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.021488798
更新日期:2001-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence of the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has been determined by using molecularly cloned viral DNA. This region encompassed the 1.0-kilobase pair woolly monkey cell-derived insertion sequence, v-sis, and flanking simian sarcoma-associated viral (SSAV) sequences. A 675-nucleotide-long open ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3179
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::I describe some recent observations of large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution. The best constraints come from two-dimensional galaxy surveys and studies of angular correlation functions. Results from galaxy redshift surveys are much less precise but are consistent with the angular correlations, provided the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4859
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two genes encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase [21-OHase; steroid 21-monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen-donor: oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.99.10], a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, have been located within the HLA major histocompatibility complex. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-OHase deficiency is a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.4.1089
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using an FK506 affinity column to identify mammalian immunosuppressant-binding proteins, we identified an immunophilin with an apparent M(r) approximately 55,000, which we have named FKBP52. We used chemically determined peptide sequence and a computerized algorithm to search GenPept, the translated GenBank data base,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10974
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the products of the K and D loci of the H-2 complex as target antigens for cytotoxic T cells generated to modified syngeneic cells has been investigated. Spleen cells, when cocultured with trinitrophenyl-derivatized syngeneic cells, generate cytolytic T cells that lyse most effectively tumor or spleen targ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.2.625
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Specific m6A writer, eraser, and reader proteins have been identified. As an m6A eraser, ALKBH5 specifically removes m6A from target mRNAs and inactivation of Alkbh5 leads to male infertility in mice. However, the underlying mo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1717794115
更新日期:2018-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Murine fetal thymus lobes isolated from both normal and scid/scid mice can be colonized by donor cells from either human bone marrow or human umbilical cord blood in vitro. Subsequent organ culture results in a transient production of a few CD4+ CD8+ (double-positive) cells and then the accumulation of CD4+ or CD8+ (s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10778
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule)-associated protein (SAP) is a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing adaptor expressed in T cells and natural killer cells. Its essential role in immune responses is underscored by the recent finding that mutations in SAP result in a rare but fatal X-linked lymphoprolife...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0606624103
更新日期:2006-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::In view of the extensive literature on phytochrome mutants in the Ler accession of Arabidopsis, we sought to secure a phytochrome-null line in the same genetic background for comparative studies. Here we report the isolation and phenotypic characterization of phyABCDE quintuple and phyABDE quadruple mutants in the Ler...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1221738110
更新日期:2013-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The topology of the tight junction is probed by introducing dipicrylamine (dpa-), a lipid-soluble anion, into the membranes of hepatocyte pairs in culture. Once partitioned into the membrane, dpa- ions are free to move in the hydrophobic core of the membrane, where their mobile charges greatly increase membrane capaci...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.9365
更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1) has been central to the long-standing controversy on the origin and evolutionary significance of spliceosomal introns by virtue of its pivotal support for the introns-early view, or exon theory of genes. Putative correlations between ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8507
更新日期:1995-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is a sialic acid-rich, cell surface glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion by a homophilic mechanism. Its binding function has been implicated in both morphogenesis and histogenesis; during development it changes in amount at the cell surface and perinatally it undergoes a dec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.21.6881
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) involves fetal overgrowth and predisposition to a wide variety of embryonal tumors of childhood. We have previously found that BWS is genetically linked to 11p15 and that this same band shows loss of heterozygosity in the types of tumors to which children with BWS are susceptible. How...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12456
更新日期:1995-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids induce cleft palate in mice. It was hypothesized that a compound such as triamcinolone acetonide inhibits mRNA synthesis; that this results later in depressed protein synthesis; and that the latter is ultimately responsible for slowe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.67.2.779
更新日期:1970-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper is presented the theory of a class of locally convex lattices (L-lattices) of real functions which generalize the classical Lebesgue spaces. The monotone and dominated convergence theorems for convergence almost everywhere and sequential and order completeness of such lattices are established. These resu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.2.275
更新日期:1970-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of sensory receptor genes varies extensively among different mammalian species. This variation is believed to be caused partly by physiological requirements of animals and partly by genomic drift due to random duplication and deletion of genes. If the contribution of genomic drift is substantial, each speci...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709956104
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00