Abstract：
:Water masers are found in dense molecular clouds closely associated with supermassive black holes at the centres of active galaxies. On the basis of the understanding of the local water-maser luminosity function, it was expected that masers at intermediate and high redshifts would be extremely rare. However, galaxies at redshifts z > 2 might be quite different from those found locally, not least because of more frequent mergers and interaction events. Here we use gravitational lensing to search for masers at higher redshifts than would otherwise be possible, and find a water maser at redshift 2.64 in the dust- and gas-rich, gravitationally lensed type-1 quasar MG J0414+0534 (refs 6-13). The isotropic luminosity is 10,000 (, solar luminosity), which is twice that of the most powerful local water maser and half that of the most distant maser previously known. Using the locally determined luminosity function, the probability of finding a maser this luminous associated with any single active galaxy is 10(-6). The fact that we see such a maser in the first galaxy we observe must mean that the volume densities and luminosities of masers are higher at redshift 2.64.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Impellizzeri CM,McKean JP,Castangia P,Roy AL,Henkel C,Brunthaler A,Wucknitz Odoi
10.1038/nature07544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-18 00:00:00pages
927-9issue
7224eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature07544journal_volume
456pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Suppressor of cytokine signalling-2 (SOCS-2) is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signalling family, a group of related proteins implicated in the negative regulation of cytokine action through inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signal-transduction pathw...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35016611
更新日期：2000-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are a major class of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system. They form glutamate-gated ion channels that are highly permeable to calcium and mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. NMDAR dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain diso...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07993
更新日期：2009-06-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex in mammals is determined in the fetal gonad by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome gene Sry, which controls whether bipotential precursor cells differentiate into testicular Sertoli cells or ovarian granulosa cells. This pivotal decision in a single gonadal cell type ultimately controls sexual differentiat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10239
更新日期：2011-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles includes a 'docking' step, which we show here to consist of two sequential reactions: a reversible 'tethering' mediated by the GTPase Ypt7, and 'SNARE pairing', in which SNARE proteins from opposite membranes form a complex in trans. The function of this trans-SNARE complex must ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/25069
更新日期：1998-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrins are a superfamily of related molecules whose function, where known, is to mediate adhesion. The so-called very-late-activation antigen (VLA) family includes at least five distinct heterodimers, each composed of a unique alpha-subunit non-covalently associated with a common beta-subunit. Several members of th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/339152a0
更新日期：1989-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of high-accuracy vector measurements of the Earth's magnetic field have recently become available from the satellite Oersted, complementing previous vector data from the satellite Magsat, which operated in 1979/80. These data can be used to infer the morphology of the magnetic field at the surface of th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01879
更新日期：2003-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate measurement of the lifetime of the neutron (which is unstable to beta decay) is important for understanding the weak nuclear force and the creation of matter during the Big Bang. Previous measurements of the neutron lifetime have mainly been limited by certain systematic errors; however, these could in princi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/47444
更新日期：2000-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a regulatory peptide important for the growth and differentiation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes. Interaction of IL-2 with its specific receptor results in the promotion of S-phase progression as well as, in certain circumstances, the production and release of ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/315233a0
更新日期：1985-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Elongation factor Tu is present in a fourfold excess over the amount seemingly involved in protein synthesis. It is identical to a major protein which we have found associated with the plasma membrane. The possibility of a specific role in that location is considered. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/261023a0
更新日期：1976-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) elicit the transcriptional activation of a large number of immediate early genes (many of which encode transcription factors), and ultimately DNA synthesis. Both AP1 and Myc are activated in fibroblasts in response to growth factor stimulation, and various e...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/378509a0
更新日期：1995-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Depleted uranium is a mildly radioactive waste product that is stockpiled worldwide. The chemical reactivity of uranium complexes is well documented, including the stoichiometric activation of small molecules of biological and industrial interest such as H2O, CO2, CO, or N2 (refs 1 - 11), but catalytic transformations...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature16530
更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Is the big-bang hot, warm or cold? And are galactic masses determined by the interplay of gravitational and strong interactions in the very early universe? ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/228258a0
更新日期：1970-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The purification, renewal and differentiation of native cardiac progenitors would form a mechanistic underpinning for unravelling steps for cardiac cell lineage formation, and their links to forms of congenital and adult cardiac diseases. Until now there has been little evidence for native cardiac precursor cells in t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03215
更新日期：2005-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:After an earthquake, numerous smaller shocks are triggered over distances comparable to the dimensions of the mainshock fault rupture, although they are rare at larger distances. Here we analyse the scaling of dynamic deformations (the stresses and strains associated with seismic waves) with distance from, and magnitu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/437830a
更新日期：2005-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders is a substantial challenge for neurobiologists. It has long been hoped that identifying alleles that confer increased risk of such disorders would provide clues for neurobiological investigation. But this quest has been stymied by a lack of validated biologi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07454
更新日期：2008-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid have recently been shown to modulate the activity of ion channels in nerve and muscle cells. The mechanism of action of these metabolites is, however, unknown. In sensory neurons of Aplysia, the S-K- channel is under the dual modulatory control of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/342553a0
更新日期：1989-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The separation of cells into populations that do not intermix, termed compartments, is a fundamental organizing principle during development. Dorsal-ventral compartmentalization of the Drosophila wing is regulated downstream of the apterous (ap) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that specifies dorsal wing fat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/46786
更新日期：1999-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells are primary effectors in allergic reactions, and may have important roles in disease by secreting histamine and various inflammatory and immunomodulatory substances. Although they are classically activated by immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies, a unique property of mast cells is their antibody-independent resp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14022
更新日期：2015-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Deception is common in nature and humans are no exception. Modern societies have created institutions to control cheating, but many situations remain where only intrinsic honesty keeps people from cheating and violating rules. Psychological, sociological and economic theories suggest causal pathways to explain how the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature17160
更新日期：2016-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in our understanding of human evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. However, almost all studies of human evolution based on mtDNA sequencing ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35047064
更新日期：2000-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional activator proteins (activators) function, at least in part, by increasing preinitiation complex assembly (for reviews see refs 1-4). Previous studies have shown that an acidic activator forms a contact with the general transcription factor TFIIB (refs 5-7) and recruits it into the preinitiation complex...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/371717a0
更新日期：1994-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:When a portrait is coarsely quantized into blocks, the block structure hides the face, although lower spatial frequencies of the original image sufficient by themselves for recognition are preserved. Recognition can be recovered by blurring the image, or otherwise attenuating the spurious higher spatial frequency comp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/305226a0
更新日期：1983-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Lignin is a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits. It is an essential component of woody tissue, to which it imparts structural rigidity. Lignin is remarkably resistant to degradation by most microbes; nevertheless, a few species of white-rot fungi are able to catalyse its oxidation to CO2. Its biodegradation is...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/326520a0
更新日期：1987-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Greek speakers say "omicronupsilonrho", Germans "schwanz" and the French "queue" to describe what English speakers call a 'tail', but all of these languages use a related form of 'two' to describe the number after one. Among more than 100 Indo-European languages and dialects, the words for some meanings (such as 'tail...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06176
更新日期：2007-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Overfishing of large-bodied benthic fishes and their subsequent population collapses on the Scotian Shelf of Canada's east coast and elsewhere resulted in restructuring of entire food webs now dominated by planktivorous, forage fish species and macroinvertebrates. Despite the imposition of strict management measures i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10285
更新日期：2011-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A key step in the elimination of pathogens from the body is the covalent binding of complement proteins C3 and C4 to their surfaces. Proteolytic activation of these proteins results in a conformational change, and an internal thioester is exposed which reacts with amino or hydroxyl groups on the target surface to form...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/379177a0
更新日期：1996-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:TMV RNA is not an efficient template for translation of the viral coat protein, in spite of containing nucleotide sequences coding for the protein. Efficient translation requires the prior synthesis within infected cells of a smaller RNA carrying only a portion of the information encoded in the whole genome. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/260759a0
更新日期：1976-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07046-0
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unusual feature of the cerebellar cortex is that its output neurons, Purkinje cells, release GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). Their high intrinsic firing rates (50 Hz) and extensive convergence predict that their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei would be largely inhibited unless Purkinje cells pause their spiking...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10732
更新日期：2011-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Division of spermatogonial stem cells produces daughter cells that either maintain their stem cell identity or undergo differentiation to form mature sperm. The Sertoli cell, the only somatic cell within seminiferous tubules, provides the stem cell niche through physical support and expression of surface proteins and ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03894
更新日期：2005-08-18 00:00:00
