Activator-induced conformational change in general transcription factor TFIIB.

abstract：:The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria is a well-known inducer of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) form a heterodimer that recognizes a common 'pattern' in structurally diverse LPS molecules. To understand the ligand specificity and rece...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Park BS,Song DH,Kim HM,Choi BS,Lee H,Lee JO

更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrons in a single sheet of graphene behave quite differently from those in traditional two-dimensional electron systems. Like massless relativistic particles, they have linear dispersion and chiral eigenstates. Furthermore, two sets of electrons centred at different points in reciprocal space ('valleys') have this...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song YJ,Otte AF,Kuk Y,Hu Y,Torrance DB,First PN,de Heer WA,Min H,Adam S,Stiles MD,MacDonald AH,Stroscio JA

更新日期：2010-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of respon...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mariathasan S,Turley SJ,Nickles D,Castiglioni A,Yuen K,Wang Y,Kadel EE III,Koeppen H,Astarita JL,Cubas R,Jhunjhunwala S,Banchereau R,Yang Y,Guan Y,Chalouni C,Ziai J,Şenbabaoğlu Y,Santoro S,Sheinson D,Hung J,Giltna

更新日期：2018-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:7SL RNA is an abundant cytoplasmic RNA which functions in protein secretion as a component of the signal recognition particle. Alu sequences are the most abundant family of human and rodent middle repetitive DNA sequences (reviewed in ref. 2). The primary structure of human 7SL RNA consists of an Alu sequence interrup...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ullu E,Tschudi C

更新日期：1984-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles includes a 'docking' step, which we show here to consist of two sequential reactions: a reversible 'tethering' mediated by the GTPase Ypt7, and 'SNARE pairing', in which SNARE proteins from opposite membranes form a complex in trans. The function of this trans-SNARE complex must ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ungermann C,Sato K,Wickner W

更新日期：1998-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has defined a class of transcriptional activators, members of which activate transcription in yeast, plant, insect and mammalian cells. These proteins contain two parts: one directs DNA binding and the other, called the activating region, presumably interacts with some component of the transcriptional mach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sadowski I,Ma J,Triezenberg S,Ptashne M

更新日期：1988-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Theories of the origin of optical asymmetry in living systems place fundamental importance on the amplification of optical asymmetry by an autocatalytic process. The replication of a polynucleotide is one obvious choice for such an autocatalytic growth mechanism. If an optically homogeneous polynucleotide could replic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joyce GF,Visser GM,van Boeckel CA,van Boom JH,Orgel LE,van Westrenen J

更新日期：1984-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to some human diseases is linked, albeit weakly, to major transplantation antigens (HLA) encoded by the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC). Here we have studied MHC/disease association in inbred strains of mice after intracerebral (i.c.) injection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zinkernagel RM,Pfau CJ,Hengartner H,Althage A

更新日期：1985-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes and mechanisms involved in common complex diseases, such as the autoimmune disorders that affect approximately 5% of the population, remain obscure. Here we identify polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene (CTLA4)--which encodes a vital negative regulatory molecule of the immune system--as can...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ueda H,Howson JM,Esposito L,Heward J,Snook H,Chamberlain G,Rainbow DB,Hunter KM,Smith AN,Di Genova G,Herr MH,Dahlman I,Payne F,Smyth D,Lowe C,Twells RC,Howlett S,Healy B,Nutland S,Rance HE,Everett V,Smink LJ,L

更新日期：2003-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that short chemically synthesized peptides very often induce antibodies which react with the cognate sequence in the intact folded protein. Since such antibodies react with known regions of proteins, they are of predetermined specificity and offer a precision not previously possible with immu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alexander H,Johnson DA,Rosen J,Jerabek L,Green N,Weissman IL,Lerner RA

更新日期：1983-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibin is a hypophysiotropic hormone which selectively suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone. It has been isolated from gonadal fluids and characterized as a protein heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit and one of two beta subunits (beta A or beta B). FSH-releasing protein (FRP), al...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yu J,Shao LE,Lemas V,Yu AL,Vaughan J,Rivier J,Vale W

更新日期：1987-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The 30S ribosomal subunit binds messenger RNA and the anticodon stem-loop of transfer RNA during protein synthesis. A crystallographic analysis of the structure of the subunit from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus is presented. At a resolution of 5.5 A, the phosphate backbone of the ribosomal RNA is visible, as are ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clemons WM Jr,May JL,Wimberly BT,McCutcheon JP,Capel MS,Ramakrishnan V

更新日期：1999-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Through their functional diversification, distinct lineages of CD4(+) T cells can act to either drive or constrain immune-mediated pathology. Transcription factors are critical in the generation of cellular diversity, and negative regulators antagonistic to alternate fates often act in conjunction with positive regula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Roychoudhuri R,Hirahara K,Mousavi K,Clever D,Klebanoff CA,Bonelli M,Sciumè G,Zare H,Vahedi G,Dema B,Yu Z,Liu H,Takahashi H,Rao M,Muranski P,Crompton JG,Punkosdy G,Bedognetti D,Wang E,Hoffmann V,Rivera J,Marincol

更新日期：2013-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are densely expressed in the striatum and have been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia1,2. High-affinity binding of dopamine suggests that D2Rs detect transient reductions in dopamine concentration (the dopamine dip) during punishment learning3-5. However, the natur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Iino Y,Sawada T,Yamaguchi K,Tajiri M,Ishii S,Kasai H,Yagishita S

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histoplasma capsulatum, like many other fungal pathogens, is dimorphic: it exists as mycelia in the soil and yeast in animal hosts. Because only the yeast phase is parasitic, factors which affect morphogenesis have been of interest for understanding and controlling pathogenicity. In culture, the mycelial to yeast tran...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lambowitz AM,Kobayashi GS,Painter A,Medoff G

更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultraluminous X-ray sources are extragalactic objects located outside the nucleus of the host galaxy with bolometric luminosities exceeding 10(39) erg s(-1). These extreme luminosities-if the emission is isotropic and below the theoretical (Eddington) limit, where the radiation pressure is balanced by the gravitationa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Farrell SA,Webb NA,Barret D,Godet O,Rodrigues JM

更新日期：2009-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In magnetic memory devices, logical bits are recorded by selectively setting the magnetization vector of individual magnetic domains either 'up' or 'down'. In such devices, the fastest and most efficient recording method involves precessional switching: when a magnetic field B(p) is applied as a write pulse over a per...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tudosa I,Stamm C,Kashuba AB,King F,Siegmann HC,Stöhr J,Ju G,Lu B,Weller D

更新日期：2004-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusion pore is the first crucial intermediate formed during exocytosis, yet little is known about the mechanisms that determine the size and kinetic properties of these transient structures. Here, we reduced the number of available SNAREs (proteins that mediate vesicle fusion) in neurons and observed changes in tr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bao H,Das D,Courtney NA,Jiang Y,Briguglio JS,Lou X,Roston D,Cui Q,Chanda B,Chapman ER

更新日期：2018-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:First-order difference equations arise in many contexts in the biological, economic and social sciences. Such equations, even though simple and deterministic, can exhibit a surprising array of dynamical behaviour, from stable points, to a bifurcating hiearchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. There ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： May RM

更新日期：1976-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) inhibiting normal cellular growth are frequently silenced epigenetically in cancer. DNA methylation is commonly associated with TSG silencing, yet mutations in the DNA methylation initiation and recognition machinery in carcinogenesis are unknown. An intriguing possible mechanism for gen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yu W,Gius D,Onyango P,Muldoon-Jacobs K,Karp J,Feinberg AP,Cui H

更新日期：2008-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly rearranged and mutated cancer genomes present major challenges in the identification of pathogenetic events driving the neoplastic transformation process. Here we engineered lymphoma-prone mice with chromosomal instability to assess the usefulness of mouse models in cancer gene discovery and the extent of cross...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maser RS,Choudhury B,Campbell PJ,Feng B,Wong KK,Protopopov A,O'Neil J,Gutierrez A,Ivanova E,Perna I,Lin E,Mani V,Jiang S,McNamara K,Zaghlul S,Edkins S,Stevens C,Brennan C,Martin ES,Wiedemeyer R,Kabbarah O,Noguei

更新日期：2007-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), one of eight members of the P2YR family expressed in humans, is one of the most prominent clinical drug targets for inhibition of platelet aggregation. Although mutagenesis and modelling studies of the P2Y12R provided useful insights into ligand binding, the agonist and antagonist recognit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang J,Zhang K,Gao ZG,Paoletta S,Zhang D,Han GW,Li T,Ma L,Zhang W,Müller CE,Yang H,Jiang H,Cherezov V,Katritch V,Jacobson KA,Stevens RC,Wu B,Zhao Q

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant regulation of RNA stability has an important role in many disease states. Deregulated post-transcriptional modulation, such as that governed by microRNAs targeting linear sequence elements in messenger RNAs, has been implicated in the progression of many cancer types. A defining feature of RNA is its ability ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goodarzi H,Zhang S,Buss CG,Fish L,Tavazoie S,Tavazoie SF

更新日期：2014-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a disorder of energy balance, indicating a chronic disequilibrium between energy intake and expenditure. Recently, the mouse ob gene, and subsequently its human and rat homologues, have been cloned. The ob gene product, leptin, is expressed exclusively in adipose tissue, and appears to be a signalling facto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Saladin R,De Vos P,Guerre-Millo M,Leturque A,Girard J,Staels B,Auwerx J

更新日期：1995-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa1. However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation2 of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery-outside permafrost areas-to specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cappellini E,Welker F,Pandolfi L,Ramos-Madrigal J,Samodova D,Rüther PL,Fotakis AK,Lyon D,Moreno-Mayar JV,Bukhsianidze M,Rakownikow Jersie-Christensen R,Mackie M,Ginolhac A,Ferring R,Tappen M,Palkopoulou E,Dickinson MR,S

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic surveys of the martian surface have revealed significantly lower magnetic field intensities over the gigantic impact craters Hellas and Argyre than over surrounding regions. The reduced fields are commonly attributed to pressure demagnetization caused by shock waves generated during meteorite impact, in the a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carporzen L,Gilder SA,Hart RJ

更新日期：2005-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Deposits of beta-amyloid are one of the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. The beta-amyloid peptide constituent (relative molecular mass 4,200) of the deposits is derived from the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) which is expressed in several different isoforms. The two most prevalent b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Quon D,Wang Y,Catalano R,Scardina JM,Murakami K,Cordell B

更新日期：1991-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The rapid turnover of the mammalian intestinal epithelium is supported by stem cells located around the base of the crypt. In addition to the Lgr5 marker, intestinal stem cells have been associated with other markers that are expressed heterogeneously within the crypt base region. Previous quantitative clonal fate ana...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ritsma L,Ellenbroek SIJ,Zomer A,Snippert HJ,de Sauvage FJ,Simons BD,Clevers H,van Rheenen J

更新日期：2014-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been established that many eukaryotic mRNAs contain poly(adenylic acid) tracts at their 3'-termini. The polyadenylation of mRNA occurs post-transcriptionally in the nucleus as a rapid, initial addition of 100-200 adenylate residues to the pre-mRNA (ref. 1). Subsequently, a slower chain extension (6-8 bases) of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rose KM,Bell LE,Jacob ST

更新日期：1977-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Three subfamilies of grasses, the Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae, provide the bulk of human nutrition and are poised to become major sources of renewable energy. Here we describe the genome sequence of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium), which is, to our knowledge, the first member of the P...

journal_title：Nature

authors： International Brachypodium Initiative.

更新日期：2010-02-11 00:00:00