Abstract:
:In magnetic memory devices, logical bits are recorded by selectively setting the magnetization vector of individual magnetic domains either 'up' or 'down'. In such devices, the fastest and most efficient recording method involves precessional switching: when a magnetic field B(p) is applied as a write pulse over a period tau, the magnetization vector precesses about the field until B(p)tau reaches the threshold value at which switching occurs. Increasing the amplitude of the write pulse B(p) might therefore substantially shorten the required switching time tau and allow for faster magnetic recording. Here we use very short pulses of a very high magnetic field to show that under these extreme conditions, precessional switching in magnetic media supporting high bit densities no longer takes place at well-defined field strengths; instead, switching occurs randomly within a wide range of magnetic fields. We attribute this behaviour to a momentary collapse of the ferromagnetic order of the spins under the load of the short and high-field pulse, thus establishing an ultimate limit to the speed of deterministic switching and magnetic recording.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Tudosa I,Stamm C,Kashuba AB,King F,Siegmann HC,Stöhr J,Ju G,Lu B,Weller Ddoi
10.1038/nature02438keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-22 00:00:00pages
831-3issue
6985eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature02438journal_volume
428pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Diatoms are one of the most ecologically successful classes of photosynthetic marine eukaryotes in the contemporary oceans. Over the past 30 million years, they have helped to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, sequestering it via the biological carbon pump and ultimately burying...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14599
更新日期:2015-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Since the pioneering work of the Millers it has become clear that most chemical carcinogens require metabolism to reactive electrophiles and then exhibit their carcinogenic potential by reacting chemically with, and modifying, cellular macromolecules. At first modification of proteins was considered most likely to be ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/287244a0
更新日期:1980-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Double-walled carbon nanotubes are needed in a pure, highly crystalline form before features such as their electronic properties, thermal transport and mechanical behaviour can be investigated. Here we fabricate a paper-like material that consists of hexagonally packed bundles of clean, coaxial carbon nanotubes whose ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/433476a
更新日期:2005-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of the rapid compensatory growth seen in the remaining adrenal gland of rats following unilateral adrenalectomy is poorly understood. The role of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is obscure as immunoneutralization of circulating ACTH does not affect the observed compensatory growth or hyperplasia. This fi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/306070a0
更新日期:1983-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::The kidney has been widely exploited as a model system for the study of tissue inductions regulating vertebrate organogenesis. Kidney development is initiated by the ingrowth of the Wolfian duct-derived ureteric bud into the presumptive kidney mesenchyme. In response to a signal from the ureter, mesenchymal cells cond...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/372679a0
更新日期:1994-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::T lymphocytes are predisposed to recognition of foreign protein fragments bound to cell-surface molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There is now compelling evidence that this specificity is a consequence of a selection process operating on developing T lymphocytes in the thymus. As a resul...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/341746a0
更新日期:1989-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has the capacity to capture molecular machines in action1-3. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) exporters are highly dynamic membrane proteins that extrude a wide range of substances from the cytosol4-6 and thereby contribute to essential cellular processes, adaptive immunity and multidrug r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1391-0
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is the big-bang hot, warm or cold? And are galactic masses determined by the interplay of gravitational and strong interactions in the very early universe? ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/228258a0
更新日期:1970-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Published data from X-ray telescopes are not adequate to reveal the fluctuations in the surface brightness of the background radiation caused by clustering or superclustering of the sources giving rise to the background. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/238020a0
更新日期:1972-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution across 15 representative mammals on the basis of high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing. We uncover three independent sex chromosome orig...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13151
更新日期:2014-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::By means of in vivo selection, transcriptomic analysis, functional verification and clinical validation, here we identify a set of genes that marks and mediates breast cancer metastasis to the lungs. Some of these genes serve dual functions, providing growth advantages both in the primary tumour and in the lung microe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03799
更新日期:2005-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::More than 99 per cent of the roughly 58,000 living vertebrate species have jaws. This major clade, whose members are collectively known as gnathostomes ('jawed mouths'), made its earliest definitive appearance in the Silurian period, 444-416 million years (Myr) ago, with both the origin of the modern (crown-group) rad...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10207
更新日期:2011-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::DNA-binding repressor proteins mediate regulation of yeast genes by cell type (Mcm1/alpha 2 and a1/alpha 2), glucose (Mig1) and oxygen (Rox1) (refs 1-4 respectively). An unusual feature of all these regulatory pathways is that transcriptional repression requires two physically associated proteins that do not bind DNA ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/369758a0
更新日期:1994-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In sexually reproducing animals, a crucial step in zygote formation is the decondensation of the fertilizing sperm nucleus into a DNA replication-competent male pronucleus. Genome-wide nucleosome assembly on paternal DNA implies the replacement of sperm chromosomal proteins, such as protamines, by maternally provided ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04059
更新日期:2005-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::In this Article, in Fig. 1a, the 5' and 3' labels were reversed in the DNA sequence, and Fig. 4 was missing panel labels a-e. These errors have been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1343-8
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of extraneously added template, standard preparations of Q beta replicase spontaneously synthesize RNA in vitro, possibly as a result of RNA contamination. Using special enzyme purifications, Sumper and Luce presented evidence that self-replicating RNA not present ab initio can grow out of 'template-fre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/321089a0
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruption of the normal regulation of cell-cycle progression and division lies at the heart of the events leading to cancer. Complex networks of regulatory factors, the tumour microenvironment and stress signals, such as those resulting from damaged DNA, dictate whether cancer cells proliferate or die. Recent progres...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature03095
更新日期:2004-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::A continuous array of overlapping clones covering the entire human chromosome 21q was constructed from human yeast artificial chromosome libraries using sequence-tagged sites as landmarks specifically detected by polymerase chain reaction. The yeast artificial chromosome contiguous unit starts with pericentromeric and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/359380a0
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature is a key factor in controlling the distribution of marine organisms and is particularly important at hydrothermal vents, where steep thermal gradients are present over a scale of centimetres. The thermophilic worm Alvinella pompejana, which is found at the vents of the East Pacific Rise (2,500-m depth), ha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35099674
更新日期:2001-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::In Fig. 3c of this Letter, the the effects of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of NR3C1, TXNIP and CNR2 in patient-derived B-lineage leukaemia cells were shown. For curves depicting NR3C1 (left graph), data s for TXNIP (middle graph) were inadvertently plotted. This figure has been corrected online, and the original Fig....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0164-5
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modifications of chromosomal proteins and DNA. These histone modifications are reversible, dynamic events that can regulate DNA-driven cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate histone modification patterns remain largely u...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10656
更新日期:2011-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Observations from Earth-orbiting satellites have been a key component in monitoring climate change for the past two decades. This has become possible with the availability of air temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) since 1979, sea surface temperatures from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35000184
更新日期:2000-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of cdc2+ can disrupt the dependency of S phase on completion of the previous mitosis. By changing the state of p34cdc2 it is possible to reprogramme a cell from entering mitosis to undergoing S phase. This leads to the proposal that the cell cycle can be considered a p34cdc2 cycle, and has implications for the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/349388a0
更新日期:1991-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in genetics and genomics have fuelled a revolution in discovery-based, or hypothesis-generating, research that provides a powerful complement to the more directly hypothesis-driven molecular, cellular and systems neuroscience. Genetic and functional genomic studies have already yielded important insights into...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature08537
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::As key executers of biological functions, the activity and abundance of proteins are subjected to extensive regulation. Deciphering the genetic architecture underlying this regulation is critical for understanding cellular signalling events and responses to environmental cues. Using random mutagenesis in haploid human...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22376
更新日期:2017-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discoveries of RNA interference and related RNA silencing pathways have revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. RNA interference has been used as a research tool to control the expression of specific genes in numerous experimental organisms and has potential as a therapeutic strategy to reduce ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature02872
更新日期:2004-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Certain mast cell products, including the tetrapeptides Ala-Gly-Ser-Glu (Ala4) and Val-Gly-Ser-Glu (Val4) of the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) and histamine, are preferentially chemotactic for eosinophils in vitro. Amino acid substitutions or modifications of the ECF-A tetrapeptides may substant...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/289071a0
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key behavioural, physiological and anatomical components of a magnetite-based magnetic sense have been demonstrated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Candidate receptor cells located within a discrete sub-layer of the olfactory lamellae contained iron-rich crystals that were similar in size and shape to magn...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35018561
更新日期:2000-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Touch and mechanical pain are first detected at our largest sensory surface, the skin. The cell bodies of sensory neurons that detect such stimuli are located in the dorsal root ganglia, and subtypes of these neurons are specialized to detect specific modalities of mechanical stimuli. Molecules have been identified th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05394
更新日期:2007-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria take up and extrude various inorganic and organic ions, as well as larger substances such as proteins. The technique of patch clamping should provide real-time information on such transport and on energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. It has been applied to detect microscopic currents from mit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352244a0
更新日期:1991-07-18 00:00:00