Comments on the big-bang.

abstract：:A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities sufficient to immunise large populations. We report the preclinical development of two BNT162b vaccine candidates, which contain lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-derived imm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vogel AB,Kanevsky I,Che Y,Swanson KA,Muik A,Vormehr M,Kranz LM,Walzer KC,Hein S,Güler A,Loschko J,Maddur MS,Ota-Setlik A,Tompkins K,Cole J,Lui BG,Ziegenhals T,Plaschke A,Eisel D,Dany SC,Fesser S,Erbar S,Bates

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly rearranged and mutated cancer genomes present major challenges in the identification of pathogenetic events driving the neoplastic transformation process. Here we engineered lymphoma-prone mice with chromosomal instability to assess the usefulness of mouse models in cancer gene discovery and the extent of cross...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maser RS,Choudhury B,Campbell PJ,Feng B,Wong KK,Protopopov A,O'Neil J,Gutierrez A,Ivanova E,Perna I,Lin E,Mani V,Jiang S,McNamara K,Zaghlul S,Edkins S,Stevens C,Brennan C,Martin ES,Wiedemeyer R,Kabbarah O,Noguei

更新日期：2007-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is considered to be one of the most effective therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes because it specifically reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis without increasing insulin secretion, inducing weight gain or posing a risk of hypoglycaemia. For over half a century, this agent has been prescribed to patients wit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Madiraju AK,Erion DM,Rahimi Y,Zhang XM,Braddock DT,Albright RA,Prigaro BJ,Wood JL,Bhanot S,MacDonald MJ,Jurczak MJ,Camporez JP,Lee HY,Cline GW,Samuel VT,Kibbey RG,Shulman GI

更新日期：2014-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface gravity is a basic stellar property, but it is difficult to measure accurately, with typical uncertainties of 25 to 50 per cent if measured spectroscopically and 90 to 150 per cent if measured photometrically. Asteroseismology measures gravity with an uncertainty of about 2 per cent but is restricted to relati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bastien FA,Stassun KG,Basri G,Pepper J

更新日期：2013-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied acro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Greiner M,Mandel O,Esslinger T,Hänsch TW,Bloch I

更新日期：2002-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosystem II is the site of photosynthetic water oxidation and contains 20 subunits with a total molecular mass of 350 kDa. The structure of photosystem II has been reported at resolutions from 3.8 to 2.9 Å. These resolutions have provided much information on the arrangement of protein subunits and cofactors but are...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Umena Y,Kawakami K,Shen JR,Kamiya N

更新日期：2011-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Oocytes arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle contain a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex which is kept in an inactive form by phosphorylation of its p34cdc2 subunit on tyrosine, threonine and perhaps serine residues. The phosphatase(s) involved in p34cdc2 dephosphorylation is unknown, but the product of the fission yeast...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Strausfeld U,Labbé JC,Fesquet D,Cavadore JC,Picard A,Sadhu K,Russell P,Dorée M

更新日期：1991-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a mitogenically active polypeptide hormone produced by acutely proliferating neoplastic and embryonic tissues. Molecular cloning of TGF-alpha cDNA from human and rat has indicated that this factor is synthesized as part of a larger precursor, proTGF-alpha. An intriguing ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Teixidó J,Gilmore R,Lee DC,Massagué J

更新日期：1987-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycorrhizae, the symbiotic associations of plant roots and fungal hyphae, are classic examples of mutualisms. In these ecologically important associations, the fungi derive photosynthetic sugars from their plant hosts, which in turn benefit from fungus-mediated uptake of mineral nutrients. Early views on the evolution...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hibbett DS,Gilbert LB,Donoghue MJ

更新日期：2000-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:oop RNA, which is initiated at the po promoter and is 81 nucleotides long, can function as a leader sequence for the lambda immunity establishment transcription, previously believed to originate at a special promoter pre located in the y region. Thus, oop RNA seems to have a dual role, either favouring the lytic cycle...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Honigman A,Hu SL,Chase R,Szybalski W

更新日期：1976-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The Borrmann effect-a dramatic increase in transparency to X-ray beams-is observed when X-rays satisfying Bragg's law diffract through a perfect crystal. The minimization of absorption seen in the Borrmann effect has been explained by noting that the electric field of the X-ray beam approaches zero amplitude at the cr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pettifer RF,Collins SP,Laundy D

更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:T-lymphocyte co-recognition of antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded molecules (such as murine Ia molecules) is thought to be mediated by a single cell-surface receptor, although the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is controversial (reviewed in ref. 1). One possibility is that the antigen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ashwell JD,Schwartz RH

更新日期：1986-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS, the Acanthaster planci species group) is a highly fecund predator of reef-building corals throughout the Indo-Pacific region. COTS population outbreaks cause substantial loss of coral cover, diminishing the integrity and resilience of reef ecosystems. Here we sequenced genomes of CO...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall MR,Kocot KM,Baughman KW,Fernandez-Valverde SL,Gauthier MEA,Hatleberg WL,Krishnan A,McDougall C,Motti CA,Shoguchi E,Wang T,Xiang X,Zhao M,Bose U,Shinzato C,Hisata K,Fujie M,Kanda M,Cummins SF,Satoh N,Degnan SM

更新日期：2017-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour cells become addicted to the expression of initiating oncogenes like Ras, such that loss of oncogene expression in established tumours leads to tumour regression. HRas, NRas or KRas are mutated to remain in the active GTP-bound oncogenic state in many cancers. Although Ras activates several proteins to initiate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lim KH,Ancrile BB,Kashatus DF,Counter CM

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees N. Until ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parfitt SA,Ashton NM,Lewis SG,Abel RL,Coope GR,Field MH,Gale R,Hoare PG,Larkin NR,Lewis MD,Karloukovski V,Maher BA,Peglar SM,Preece RC,Whittaker JE,Stringer CB

更新日期：2010-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor (CCK-B/gastrin) has been implicated in mediating anxiety, panic attacks, satiety, and the perception of pain. The canine and human CCK-B/gastrin receptors share 90% amino-acid identity and have similar agonist affinities. These receptors can be selectively blocked by the no...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beinborn M,Lee YM,McBride EW,Quinn SM,Kopin AS

更新日期：1993-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the biochemical or functional nature of the proteins encoded by the bcl-2 gene, which undergoes chromosomal translocation in approximately 85% of follicular lymphoma, 20% of diffuse large cell lymphoma and 10% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cells. Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haldar S,Beatty C,Tsujimoto Y,Croce CM

更新日期：1989-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is required for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. Germline activating mutations in PTPN11 cause Noonan syndrome, whereas somatic PTPN11 mutations cause childhood myeloproliferative disease and contribute to some solid tumours. Recen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang W,Wang J,Moore DC,Liang H,Dooner M,Wu Q,Terek R,Chen Q,Ehrlich MG,Quesenberry PJ,Neel BG

更新日期：2013-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Globular star clusters are compact and massive stellar systems old enough to have witnessed the entire history of our Galaxy, the Milky Way. Although recent results suggest that their formation may have been more complex than previously thought, they still are the best approximation to a stellar population formed over...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ferraro FR,Dalessandro E,Mucciarelli A,Beccari G,Rich RM,Origlia L,Lanzoni B,Rood RT,Valenti E,Bellazzini M,Ransom SM,Cocozza G

更新日期：2009-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world resulting from a single bacterial infection. Despite its enormous burden on world health, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial multiplication and concomitant tissue damage within an infected host,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cox JS,Chen B,McNeil M,Jacobs WR Jr

更新日期：1999-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Retroviral integration is catalysed by a tetramer of integrase (IN) assembled on viral DNA ends in a stable complex, known as the intasome. How the intasome interfaces with chromosomal DNA, which exists in the form of nucleosomal arrays, is currently unknown. Here we show that the prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasome ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maskell DP,Renault L,Serrao E,Lesbats P,Matadeen R,Hare S,Lindemann D,Engelman AN,Costa A,Cherepanov P

更新日期：2015-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we used recombinant breakpoint analysis to restrict the sex-determining region in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to a 530-kilobase (kb) stretch of the Y chromosome. Deletion anal...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsuda M,Nagahama Y,Shinomiya A,Sato T,Matsuda C,Kobayashi T,Morrey CE,Shibata N,Asakawa S,Shimizu N,Hori H,Hamaguchi S,Sakaizumi M

更新日期：2002-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition of foreign antigens by T lymphocytes is essential to most adaptive immune responses. It is driven by specific T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) binding to antigenic peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules on other cells. If productive, these interactions promote the formation of an immu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huppa JB,Axmann M,Mörtelmaier MA,Lillemeier BF,Newell EW,Brameshuber M,Klein LO,Schütz GJ,Davis MM

更新日期：2010-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The observed number counts of high-redshift galaxy candidates have been used to build up a statistical description of star-forming activity at redshift z ≳ 7, when galaxies reionized the Universe. Standard models predict that a high incidence of gravitational lensing will probably distort measurements of flux and numb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wyithe JS,Yan H,Windhorst RA,Mao S

更新日期：2011-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:CDKN2A (INK4a/ARF) is frequently disrupted in various types of human cancer, and germline mutations of this locus can confer susceptibility to melanoma and other tumours. However, because CDKN2A encodes two distinct cell cycle inhibitory proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF (p19Arf in mice), the mechanism of tumour suppressi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krimpenfort P,Quon KC,Mooi WJ,Loonstra A,Berns A

更新日期：2001-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Inclusive fitness theory predicts that organisms can often increase their fitness by helping relatives. Indeed, many animals modify their behaviour towards kin in a fashion consistent with theory. Morphogenesis may also be sensitive to kinship environment, especially in species that facultatively produce distinct morp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pfennig DW,Collins JP

更新日期：1993-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular spectroscopy offers opportunities for the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature and the search for new particle physics beyond the standard model1-4. Radioactive molecules-in which one or more of the atoms possesses a radioactive nucleus-can contain heavy and deformed nuclei, offering high sensitivit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garcia Ruiz RF,Berger R,Billowes J,Binnersley CL,Bissell ML,Breier AA,Brinson AJ,Chrysalidis K,Cocolios TE,Cooper BS,Flanagan KT,Giesen TF,de Groote RP,Franchoo S,Gustafsson FP,Isaev TA,Koszorús Á,Neyens G,Perrett HA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, Supplementary Fig. 1 was missing. This error has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eaglesham JB,Pan Y,Kupper TS,Kranzusch PJ

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineralocorticoid secretion is predominantly controlled by the octapeptide angiotensin II, which exerts trophic actions on the adrenal glomerulosa and acute regulatory effects on aldosterone biosynthesis. The trophic actions include stimulation of angiotensin II receptors and enzymes of the aldosterone biosynthetic pa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aguilera G,Schirar A,Baukal A,Catt KJ

更新日期：1981-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The remarkable compositional diversity of volatile ices within comets can plausibly be attributed to several factors, including differences in the chemical, thermal and radiation environments in comet-forming regions, chemical evolution during their long storage in reservoirs far from the Sun, and thermal processing b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dello Russo N,Vervack RJ,Weaver HA,Biver N,Bockelée-Morvan D,Crovisier J,Lisse CM

更新日期：2007-07-12 00:00:00