Messenger RNA for the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus.

abstract：:What is it that defines an animal? The definition provided here, made on the basis of developmental biology, suggests methods for resolving phylogenetic problems. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Slack JM,Holland PW,Graham CF

更新日期：1993-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapsin I is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein localized to the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. This phosphoprotein is a major substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Its state of phosphorylation can be altered both in vivo and in vitro by a variety of physiologic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bähler M,Greengard P

更新日期：1987-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A cholecystokinin (CCK)-inactivating peptidase was purified and identified as a membrane-bound isoform of tripeptidyl peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.10), a cytosolic subtilisin-like peptidase of previously unknown functions. The peptidase was found in neurons responding to cholecystokinin, as well as in non-neuronal cells. B...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rose C,Vargas F,Facchinetti P,Bourgeat P,Bambal RB,Bishop PB,Chan SM,Moore AN,Ganellin CR,Schwartz JC

更新日期：1996-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tanaka M,Sackmann E

更新日期：2005-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The availability of iron limits primary productivity and the associated uptake of carbon over large areas of the ocean. Iron thus plays an important role in the carbon cycle, and changes in its supply to the surface ocean may have had a significant effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over glacial-inter...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Blain S,Quéguiner B,Armand L,Belviso S,Bombled B,Bopp L,Bowie A,Brunet C,Brussaard C,Carlotti F,Christaki U,Corbière A,Durand I,Ebersbach F,Fuda JL,Garcia N,Gerringa L,Griffiths B,Guigue C,Guillerm C,Jacquet S,J

更新日期：2007-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The first zygotic genes to be expressed during early Drosophila development are the gap genes. Their role is to read and interpret coarse positional information deposited in the egg by the mother and to refine it by cross-regulatory interactions and by controlling a class of pair-rule genes. Little is known about the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Treisman J,Desplan C

更新日期：1989-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:(Na+ + K+)ATPase contains two different subunits, a catalytic subunit (alpha) and a subunit with uncertain function (beta). The enzyme binds ATP, ouabain and vanadate, and can be phosphorylated by ATP as well as by inorganic phosphate. From the previously reported maximal binding and phosphorylation capacities of 3.5-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peters WH,Swarts HG,de Pont JJ,Schuurmans Stekhoven FM,Bonting SL

更新日期：1981-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Many natural products that contain basic nitrogen atoms--for example alkaloids like morphine and quinine-have the potential to treat a broad range of human diseases. However, the presence of a nitrogen atom in a target molecule can complicate its chemical synthesis because of the basicity of nitrogen atoms and their s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mercado-Marin EV,Garcia-Reynaga P,Romminger S,Pimenta EF,Romney DK,Lodewyk MW,Williams DE,Andersen RJ,Miller SJ,Tantillo DJ,Berlinck RGS,Sarpong R

更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells has become the principal technology for manipulation of the mouse genome, offering unrivalled accuracy in allele design and access to conditional mutagenesis. To bring these advantages to the wider research community, large-scale mouse knockout programmes are producing a permanen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Skarnes WC,Rosen B,West AP,Koutsourakis M,Bushell W,Iyer V,Mujica AO,Thomas M,Harrow J,Cox T,Jackson D,Severin J,Biggs P,Fu J,Nefedov M,de Jong PJ,Stewart AF,Bradley A

更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A newly-constructed antibody-like molecule containing the gp120-binding domain of the receptor for human immunodeficiency virus blocks HIV-1 infection of T cells and monocytes. Its long plasma half-life, other antibody-like properties, and potential to block all HIV isolates, make it a good candidate for therapeutic u...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Capon DJ,Chamow SM,Mordenti J,Marsters SA,Gregory T,Mitsuya H,Byrn RA,Lucas C,Wurm FM,Groopman JE

更新日期：1989-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria take up and extrude various inorganic and organic ions, as well as larger substances such as proteins. The technique of patch clamping should provide real-time information on such transport and on energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. It has been applied to detect microscopic currents from mit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Inoue I,Nagase H,Kishi K,Higuti T

更新日期：1991-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding the large-T protein of polyoma virus (plt), the E1A genes of adenoviruses, the viral myc gene (v-myc) or rearranged forms of the cellular c-myc gene confer on rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells in primary culture a series of new properties ('immortality', reduced serum requirement and sensitivity to t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Connan G,Rassoulzadegan M,Cuzin F

更新日期：1985-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The two-dimensional electron system is a powerful laboratory for investigating the physics of interacting particles. Application of a large magnetic field produces massively degenerate quantum levels known as Landau levels; within a Landau level the kinetic energy of the electrons is suppressed, and electron-electron ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dial OE,Ashoori RC,Pfeiffer LN,West KW

更新日期：2010-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The repressor of phage 434 binds to six operator sites on the phage chromosome. A comparison of the sequences of these 14-base-pair (bp) operator sites reveals a striking pattern: at five of the six sites, the symmetrically arrayed outer eight base pairs (four in each half-site) are identical and the remaining site di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koudelka GB,Harrison SC,Ptashne M

更新日期：1987-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular and cellular basis of T-lymphocyte activation remains a central question in immunology. The growth of already proliferating T cells is known to depend on T-cell growth factor (TCGF), a physiological mitogen. Noncycling T lymphocytes, however, are not sensitive to TCGF. They require a short contact with m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Larsson EL,Iscove NN,Coutinho A

更新日期：1980-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic mutations in the small GTPase K-Ras are the most common activating lesions found in human cancer, and are generally associated with poor response to standard therapies. Efforts to target this oncogene directly have faced difficulties owing to its picomolar affinity for GTP/GDP and the absence of known alloster...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ostrem JM,Peters U,Sos ML,Wells JA,Shokat KM

更新日期：2013-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that certain RNA molecules may be able to catalyse RNA replication is central to current theories of the early evolution of life. In support of this idea, we describe here an RNA that synthesizes RNA using the same reaction as that employed by protein enzymes that catalyse RNA polymerization. In the pre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ekland EH,Bartel DP

更新日期：1996-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells has been used to disrupt the homeobox gene hox-1.5. Mice heterozygous at the hox-1.5 locus appear normal, whereas hox-1.5-/hox-1.5- mice die at or shortly after birth. These homozygotes are athymic, aparathyroid, have reduced thyroid and submaxillary tissue and exhibit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chisaka O,Capecchi MR

更新日期：1991-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria, organelles specialized in energy conservation reactions in eukaryotic cells, have evolved from eubacteria-like endosymbionts whose closest known relatives are the rickettsial group of alpha-proteobacteria. Because characterized mitochondrial genomes vary markedly in structure, it has been impossible to i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lang BF,Burger G,O'Kelly CJ,Cedergren R,Golding GB,Lemieux C,Sankoff D,Turmel M,Gray MW

更新日期：1997-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The biogenic amine transporters (BATs) regulate endogenous neurotransmitter concentrations and are targets for a broad range of therapeutic agents including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Because eukaryotic BATs...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang H,Goehring A,Wang KH,Penmatsa A,Ressler R,Gouaux E

更新日期：2013-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers that are characterized by the excessive production of mature myeloid cells and arise from the acquisition of somatic driver mutations in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component of MPNs that is among the h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bao EL,Nandakumar SK,Liao X,Bick AG,Karjalainen J,Tabaka M,Gan OI,Havulinna AS,Kiiskinen TTJ,Lareau CA,de Lapuente Portilla AL,Li B,Emdin C,Codd V,Nelson CP,Walker CJ,Churchhouse C,de la Chapelle A,Klein DE,Nilsson

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophilia B, or Christmas disease, is an inherited X-chromosome-linked bleeding disorder caused by a defect in clotting factor IX and occurs in about 1 in 30,000 males in the United Kingdom. Injection of factor IX concentrate obtained from blood donors allows most patients to be successfully managed. However, becaus...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Anson DS,Austen DE,Brownlee GG

更新日期：1985-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas associated with the human T-cell leukaemia viruses (HTLV) are invariably neoplasms of cells with mature T-lymphocyte phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B- lymphoycte lines which are productively infected with HTLV may be isolated from patients with HTLV malignancies, but no...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen IS,McLaughlin J,Golde DW

更新日期：1984-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammary gland is composed of multiple types of epithelial cells, which are generated by mammary stem cells (MaSCs) residing at the top of the hierarchy. However, the existence of these multipotent MaSCs remains controversial and the nature of such cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that protein C receptor (Proc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang D,Cai C,Dong X,Yu QC,Zhang XO,Yang L,Zeng YA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant growth and development is regulated by a structurally unrelated collection of small molecules called plant hormones. During the last 15 years the number of known plant hormones has grown from five to at least ten. Furthermore, many of the proteins involved in plant hormone signalling pathways have been identifie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santner A,Estelle M

更新日期：2009-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuyama K,Chera S,van Gurp L,Oropeza D,Ghila L,Damond N,Vethe H,Paulo JA,Joosten AM,Berney T,Bosco D,Dorrell C,Grompe M,Ræder H,Roep BO,Thorel F,Herrera PL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants acquire whatever language is spoken in the environment into which they are born. The mental capability of the newborn child is not biased in any way towards the acquisition of one human language rather than another. Because psychologists who attempt to model the process of language comprehension are interested...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cutler A,Mehler J,Norris D,Segui J

更新日期：1983-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:T lymphocytes of the alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR) lineage mature in the thymus, where they undergo a series of differentiation, expansion and selection events. For normal T-cell ontogeny to occur, thymocytes must interact physically with cortical and medullary thymic stroma cells. In parallel, interactions of the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holländer GA,Wang B,Nichogiannopoulou A,Platenburg PP,van Ewijk W,Burakoff SJ,Gutierrez-Ramos JC,Terhorst C

更新日期：1995-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer with an inherent potential for lymph node colonization, which is generally preceded by neolymphangiogenesis. However, sentinel lymph node removal does not necessarily extend the overall survival of patients with melanoma. Moreover, lymphatic vessels collapse and become dysfunctio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Olmeda D,Cerezo-Wallis D,Riveiro-Falkenbach E,Pennacchi PC,Contreras-Alcalde M,Ibarz N,Cifdaloz M,Catena X,Calvo TG,Cañón E,Alonso-Curbelo D,Suarez J,Osterloh L,Graña O,Mulero F,Megías D,Cañamero M,Martínez-Torrecuadrad

更新日期：2017-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Positive selection allows thymocytes that recognize an individual's own major histocompatibility complex (self-MHC) molecules to survive and differentiate, whereas negative selection removes overtly self-reactive thymocytes. Although both forms of thymic selection are mediated by the alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR) an...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Werlen G,Hausmann B,Palmer E

更新日期：2000-07-27 00:00:00