Abstract:
:Wild-type Vibrio cholerae of both El Tor and classical biotypes (strains N16961 and 395, respectively) and nonmotile mutant derivatives with and without flagellar structures were characterized in three different animal models: (i) the rabbit ileal loop, (ii) the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model, and (iii) the suckling mouse model. Both the wild-type strains and nonmotile mutants were toxinogenic in the rabbit ileal loop and the suckling mouse models. However, all of the nonmotile mutants produced significantly less fluid accumulation than did the wild-type parental strains. The two nonmotile mutants of strain N16961 did not adhere to rabbit ileal mucosa, but both nonmotile mutants derived from strain 395 exhibited adherence. In the RITARD model, the motile El Tor strains were more virulent than both the flagellate and aflagellate nonmotile mutants (all infected rabbits died within 18 h), while the nonmotile mutants, when fatalities occurred, required 78 to 105 h to produce a fatal outcome. Likewise, the motile classical parent 395 produced a fatal outcome within ca. 25 h, while nonmotile mutants required 69 to 96 h. The nonmotile flagellate strain KR31 was not significantly more virulent than the nonmotile aflagellate strain KR26. Of the two classical nonmotile mutants, KR1, which produces a coreless sheathlike structure, was clearly more virulent (5 of 10 rabbits died within 96 h), while KR3 (nonmotile, aflagellate) did not produce fatalities in any of the 10 rabbits tested. Similarly, no significant difference in diarrheagenicity or colonizing ability was detected between the two nonmotile mutants derived from the El Tor strain, but the classical nonmotile mutant with the coreless sheath caused significantly greater diarrhea and colonized for a longer time than did the isogenic nonmotile aflagellate strain, KR3. No significant differences between the nonmotile mutants were detected in competition studies done with suckling mice. Analysis of the wild-type and mutant strains in these three animal models clearly demonstrated a role for motility in V. cholerae pathogenicity, while analysis of only the nonmotile mutants derived from the classical parent suggested a role for flagellar structures.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Richardson Kdoi
10.1128/IAI.59.8.2727-2736.1991subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-08-01 00:00:00pages
2727-36issue
8eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Pathogenic species of the spotted fever group Rickettsia are subjected to repeated exposures to the host complement system through cyclic infections of mammalian and tick hosts. The serum complement machinery is a formidable obstacle for bacteria to overcome if they endeavor to endure this endozoonotic cycle. We have ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00349-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mouse lacking CD28, a T-cell costimulatory molecule, and STAT6, a transcription factor that mediates interleukin-4 (IL-4) signaling, was developed from parental CD28- and STAT6-deficient mice. STAT6/CD28(-/-) BALB/c mice that were 8 weeks old had a normal phenotype, and IL-4 production was induced following infectio...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.7.3706-3715.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo induction of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine-D-isoglutamine has been demonstrated recently. In this study we increased our understanding of this property by testing muramyl peptides of several structures and activities for their capacity to induce CSA in vivo. A comparison of...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.46.2.495-500.1984
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major antigenic determinants of the lipoglycans from Acholeplasma granularum and Acholeplasma axanthum were found to be the oligosaccharide sequences Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2)-Glcp(alpha 1 leads to 4)-Glcp and Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2)-Glcp(beta 1 leads to 2)-Glcp, respectively. The disaccharides sophorose and maltose...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.2.629-632.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and trachoma biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis exhibit differences in biological properties both in vivo and in vitro. To identify analogous biochemical differences, we studied the molecular charges of chlamydial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) by means of isoelectric focusing and none...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.50.2.488-494.1985
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella species utilize type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to translocate effectors into the cytosol of mammalian host cells, subverting cell signaling and facilitating the onset of gastroenteritis. In this study, we compared a draft genome assembly of Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae strain 3588/07 against the g...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00704-16
更新日期:2016-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Specific stimulation of T cells by phytohemagglutinin and Lens culinaris lectin was inhibited by a soluble factor(s) secreted by normal adherent cells stimulated with culture filtrate protein extract (CFPE) derived from bacterial cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (avirulent) and H37Rv (virulent). The induct...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.52.1.309-313.1986
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can undergo phase variation to alternately express two different types of flagellin subunit proteins, FljB or FliC, no biological function for this phenomenon has been described. In this investigation, we constructed phase-locked derivatives of S. enterica serovar Typhi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.5.3021-3030.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is limiting in the human host, and bacterial pathogens respond to this environment by regulating gene expression through the ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur). In vitro studies have demonstrated that Neisseria gonorrhoeae controls the expression of several critical genes through an iron- and Fur-mediated mech...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.4281-4287.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. NO production in spleen cell cultures was induced by heat-killed S. aureus. Expression of mRNA of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was induced in the spleens and kidneys of S. aureus-infected mi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.3.1017-1022.1998
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial heat shock proteins (HSP) are dominant antigens for the host immune response. Because of the high sequence homology between mammalian and microbial HSP, their value as component of a subunit vaccine has been the subject of controversy. Previous work from this laboratory, however, demonstrated for the first t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.8.2955-2961.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe involved in periodontitis that is known to translocate and cause intrauterine infections. In the oral environment, F. nucleatum adheres to a large diversity of species, facilitating their colonization and creating biological bridges that stabilize the multispecies dent...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02838-14
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intra-abdominal polymicrobial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. An experimental mouse model of Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus intra-abdominal infection (IAI) results in 100% mortality by 48 to 72 h postinoculation, while monomicrobial infections are avirulent. Mortality is associated with r...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01059-15
更新日期:2015-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of specific granules and azurophil granules from human neutrophils were tested for their bactericidal activity against various lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. Three purified granule populations, one specific and two azurophil, were obtained by isopycnic centrifugation of homogenized...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.1.131-137.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), consisting of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF), rapidly kills primary mouse macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines such as RAW 264.7. LF is translocated by PA into the cytosol of target cells, where it acts as a metalloprotease to cleave mitogen-activated protein kinase k...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.6.3055-3060.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adherence of blastoconidia to epidermal corneocytes is an early event in Candida colonization and infection of the skin. Pathogenic species adhere more avidly than nonpathogenic species, transform to hyphal growth, and invade the stratum corneum of the skin. Adherence was studied by scanning electron microscopy of exp...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.8.1942-1949.1988
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protective immunity in mice to the infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Strongyloides stercoralis was shown to be dependent on immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement activation, and granulocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether IgG was also a protective antibody isotype and to define the spec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.12.6835-6843.2003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the unavailability of a suitable antigen, specific in vitro lymphocyte reactivity has not been investigated in persons who have had systemic blastomycosis. Twelve persons who had recovered from blastomycosis were evaluated, and all were found to exhibit strongly positive and apparently specific in vitro cel...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.33.2.485-490.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of Rickettsia prowazekii-infected L929 cells with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) immediately after infection altered the lipid metabolism of the host cells as determined by measurement of phospholipid hydrolysis and oleic acid incorporation into phospholipids and neutral lipids. At 48 h postinfection, there wa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.8.3412-3415.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The P2 porin protein is the major outer membrane protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and is a potential target of a protective immune response. Nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to P2 were developed by immunizing mice with nontypeable H. influenzae whole organisms. Each MAb reacted exclusively with the homol...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.9.3712-3722.1994
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse fibroblasts (L cells) were infected in suspension with Chlamydia psittaci (6BC) and then plated out on a solid substrate at a density of 80 cells per cm2 so that the effect of chlamydial infection on the division of single host cells and their progeny could be determined. Uninfected L cells multiplied with a mea...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.1.281-286.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune response to the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) is considered an important event in the induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats; this induction probably occurs through a molecular mimicry mechanism involving cross-reactivity against the rat homolog hsp60. To analyze the role of mammalia...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4225-4231.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional beta-galactoside-binding lectin that senses self-derived and microbial glycoconjugates. Although Gal-3 is important in immune reactions and host defense in some experimental models, the function of Gal-3 during helminthic diseases (e.g., schistosomiasis) is still elusive. We sho...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02006-06
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deciphering the mechanisms by which Borrelia burgdorferi controls the synthesis of proteins associated with mammalian infection will be an important step toward understanding the pathogenic properties of Lyme disease-causing bacteria. We present results of studies indicating that B. burgdorferi senses a wide variety o...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.6.4146-4153.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there appears to be little if any role for specific antibodies in protection against intracellular bacteria, such as the model pathogen F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), the role of B cells themselves in primary and secondary infection with such bacteria has not been examined directly. We show here tha...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.11.6002-6007.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suppression of T-cell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by serum from mice acutely with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was investigated. Spleen cells from uninfected mice were exposed to concanavalin A in the presence of serum taken from mice at various times after infection with MCMV. The capacity of the serum...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.17.2.378-381.1977
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunity to infection with Eimeria vermiformis was transferred in NIH mice by both the nylon wool-adherent (B-cell-enriched) and nonadherent (T-cell-enriched) fractions of lymphocytes (spleen and mesenteric lymph node) taken from infected donors. Transfer was more variable with the adherent fraction, and when contamin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.7.1760-1765.1988
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histophilus somni is capable of intracellular survival within professional phagocytic cells, but the mechanism of survival is not understood. The Fic motif within the direct repeat (DR1)/DR2 domains of the IbpA fibrillary network protein of H. somni is cytotoxic to epithelial and phagocytic cells, which may interfere ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00365-18
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium marinum grows at an optimal temperature of 33 degrees C, far lower than that for M. tuberculosis. Consequently, M. marinum infection of mammals is restricted largely to the cooler surfaces of the body, such as the extremities, but it causes a systemic infection in a large number of poikilothermic animals...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.2.767-773.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of antibody in protection against infection with Cryptococcus neoformans is undefined. In this paper we describe the development of opsonic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits in response to cryptococcal meningitis. The opsonin appeared to be immunoglobulin G (IgG); the activity was heat stab...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.58.7.2115-2119.1990
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00