Abstract:
:The atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus have been studied in the past by spacecraft with remote sensing or in situ techniques. These early missions, however, have left us with questions about, for example, the atmospheric structure in the transition region from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere (50-90 km) and the remarkably variable structure of the ionosphere. Observations become increasingly difficult within and below the global cloud deck (<50 km altitude), where strong absorption greatly limits the available investigative spectrum to a few infrared windows and the radio range. Here we report radio-sounding results from the first Venus Express Radio Science (VeRa) occultation season. We determine the fine structure in temperatures at upper cloud-deck altitudes, detect a distinct day-night temperature difference in the southern middle atmosphere, and track day-to-day changes in Venus' ionosphere.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Pätzold M,Häusler B,Bird MK,Tellmann S,Mattei R,Asmar SW,Dehant V,Eidel W,Imamura T,Simpson RA,Tyler GLdoi
10.1038/nature06239subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-29 00:00:00pages
657-60issue
7170eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature06239journal_volume
450pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, as measured by annual storm counts, reached anomalous levels over the past decade. The short nature of the historical record and potential issues with its reliability in earlier decades, however, has prompted an ongoing debate regarding the reality and significance of the recent ris...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08219
更新日期:2009-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal function depends crucially on the spatial segregation of specific membrane proteins, particularly the segregation associated with sites of synaptic contact. Understanding the factors governing this localization of proteins is a major goal of cellular neurobiology. A conspicuous example of synaptic specializat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/313588a0
更新日期:1985-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Introns are removed from nuclear messenger RNA precursors through two sequential phospho-transesterification reactions in a dynamic RNA-protein complex called the spliceosome. But whether splicing is catalysed by small nuclear RNAs in the spliceosome is unresolved. As the spliceosome is a metalloenzyme, it is importan...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35048617
更新日期:2000-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a class of protein antigens of high relative molecular mass (Mt) which can induce protective immunity against blood-stage malaria has been identified. In Plasmodium falciparum the protein has a Mr of approximately 195,000 (P195). It is the precursor of three proteins of Mr 83,000 (83K), 42K and 19K which are...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317270a0
更新日期:1985-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::The question of whether DNA is able to transport electrons has attracted much interest, particularly as this ability may play a role as a repair mechanism after radiation damage to the DNA helix. Experiments addressing DNA conductivity have involved a large number of DNA strands doped with intercalated donor and accep...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/18855
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excitatory amino acids induce both acute membrane depolarization and latent cellular toxicity, which often leads to apoptosis in many neurological disorders. Recent studies indicate that glutamate toxicity may involve the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. One member of...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/39899
更新日期:1997-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Life implies movement. Most forms of movement in the living world are powered by tiny protein machines known as molecular motors. Among the best known are motors that use sophisticated intramolecular amplification mechanisms to take nanometre steps along protein tracks in the cytoplasm. These motors transport a wide v...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature01601
更新日期:2003-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The observation that a few species in ecological communities are exceptionally abundant, whereas most are rare, prompted the development of species abundance models. Nevertheless, despite the large literature on the commonness and rarity of species inspired by these pioneering studies, some widespread empirical patter...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01547
更新日期:2003-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::In Fig. 3c of this Letter, the the effects of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of NR3C1, TXNIP and CNR2 in patient-derived B-lineage leukaemia cells were shown. For curves depicting NR3C1 (left graph), data s for TXNIP (middle graph) were inadvertently plotted. This figure has been corrected online, and the original Fig....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0164-5
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of action of antisteroids is not understood and explanations of their antagonistic activity have been sought at all levels of hormone action. It has been proposed that antisteroids, after binding to receptor, trap it into a non-activated (non DNA-binding) form possibly through interaction with a heat-sho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/336695a0
更新日期:1988-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::In songbirds, the remarkable temporal precision of song is generated by a sparse sequence of bursts in the premotor nucleus HVC. To distinguish between two possible classes of models of neural sequence generation, we carried out intracellular recordings of HVC neurons in singing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09514
更新日期:2010-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::In BRAF(V600)-mutant tumours, most mechanisms of resistance to drugs that target the BRAF and/or MEK kinases rely on reactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway, on activation of the alternative, PI(3)K-AKT-mTOR, pathway (which is ERK independent) or on modul...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13572
更新日期:2014-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroprotectant strategies that have worked in rodent models of stroke have failed to provide protection in clinical trials. Here we show that the opposite circadian cycles in nocturnal rodents versus diurnal humans1,2 may contribute to this failure in translation. We tested three independent neuroprotective approache...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2348-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is commonly assumed that certain features are so elementary to the visual system that they require no attentional resources to be perceived. Such 'preattentive' features are traditionally identified by visual search performance, in which the reaction time for detecting a feature difference against a set of distract...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/42940
更新日期:1997-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::A CENTRAL assumption about long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is that the two classes of glutamate-receptor ion channel, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and the kainate/quisqualate (non-NMDA) subtypes, are co-localized at individual excitatory synapses. This assumption is important because of the perceived inte...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/341230a0
更新日期:1989-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Contact inhibition of locomotion was discovered by Abercrombie more than 50 years ago and describes the behaviour of fibroblast cells confronting each other in vitro, where they retract their protrusions and change direction on contact. Its failure was suggested to contribute to malignant invasion. However, the molecu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07441
更新日期:2008-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::The development of a multicellular organism involves a delicate balance among the processes of proliferation, differentiation and death. Naturally occurring cell death aids tissue remodelling, eliminates supernumerary cell populations and provides structural elements such as hair and skin. In the nervous system, selec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/363166a0
更新日期:1993-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::There is still no universally accepted theory of high-temperature superconductivity. Most models assume that doping creates 'holes' in the valence band of an insulating, antiferromagnetic 'parent' compound, and that antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity are intimately related. If their respective e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01544
更新日期:2003-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Soft machines are a promising design paradigm for human-centric devices1,2 and systems required to interact gently with their environment3,4. To enable soft machines to respond intelligently to their surroundings, compliant sensory feedback mechanisms are needed. Specifically, soft alternatives to strain gauges-with h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2892-6
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06118
更新日期:2007-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Important Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and organelles are often extremely localized and hard to measure. To overcome this problem we have constructed new fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ that are genetically encoded without cofactors and are targetable to specific intracellular locations. We have dubbed these fluorescen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/42264
更新日期:1997-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Guided by brain-like 'spiking' computational frameworks, neuromorphic computing-brain-inspired computing for machine intelligence-promises to realize artificial intelligence while reducing the energy requirements of computing platforms. This interdisciplinary field began with the implementation of silicon circuits for...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1677-2
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) requires high levels of hedgehog (HH) signalling through the transcription factor GLI. Although inhibitors of membrane protein smoothened (SMO) effectively suppress HH signalling, early tumour resistance illustrates the need for additional downstream targets for therapy. Here we ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11889
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::In Parkinson's disease, brain dopamine neurons degenerate most prominently in the substantia nigra. Neurotrophic factors promote survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons in developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. The most potent neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons described so far is the glial...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05957
更新日期:2007-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::In their investigation into whether female mate-choice drives male dispersal, Höner et al. argue that female spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) prefer mates whose tenure in the social group is less than the females' age, to avoid paternal incest, and suggest that male dispersal reflects this preference. However, we are...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07122
更新日期:2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Deuterostomes are a remarkably diverse super-phylum, including not only the chordates (to which we belong) but groups as disparate as the echinoderms and the hemichordates. The phylogeny of deuterostomes is now achieving some degree of stability, especially on account of new molecular data, but this leaves as conjectu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02648
更新日期:2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum light is characterized by distinctive statistical distributions that are possible only because of quantum mechanical effects. For example, single photons and correlated photon pairs exhibit photon number distributions with variance lower than classically allowed limits. This enables high-fidelity transmission ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0478-3
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since at least the last common ancestor of all life on Earth, genetic information has been stored in a four-letter alphabet that is propagated and retrieved by the formation of two base pairs. The central goal of synthetic biology is to create new life forms and functions, and the most general route to this goal is th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24659
更新日期:2017-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic da...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/nature14618
更新日期:2015-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::The small martian satellites Phobos and Deimos orbit in synchronous rotation with inclinations of only 0.01 degrees and 0.92 degrees , respectively, relative to the planet's equatorial plane. Thus, an observer at near-equatorial latitudes on Mars could occasionally observe solar eclipses by these satellites (see ref. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03437
更新日期:2005-07-07 00:00:00