Abstract：
:The major breakthrough discovery of enkephalins as endogenous opiates led our attempts to determine their inactivation mechanisms. Because the NH2-terminal tyrosine is absolutely necessary for the neuropeptides to exert analgesic effects, and aminopeptidase activities are extraordinarily high in the brain, a specific "amino-enkephalinase" should exist. Several aminopeptidases were identified in the central nervous system during the search. In fact, our laboratory found two novel neuron-specific aminopeptidases: NAP and NAP-2. NAP is the only functionally active brain-specific enzyme known. Its synaptic location coupled with its limited substrate specificity could constitute a "functional" specificity and contribute to enkephalin-specific functions. In addition, NAP was found to be essential for neuron growth, differentiation, and death. Thus, aminopeptidases are likely important for mental health and neurological diseases. Recently, puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) was identified as a modifier of tau-induced neurodegeneration. Because the enzymatic similarity between PSA and NAP, we believe that the depletion of NAP in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains plays a causal role in the development of AD pathology. Therefore, use of the puromycin-sensitive neuron-aminopeptidase NAP could provide neuroprotective mechanisms in AD and similar neurodegenerative diseases.
journal_name
Neurochem Resjournal_title
Neurochemical researchauthors
Hui KSdoi
10.1007/s11064-007-9356-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-12-01 00:00:00pages
2062-71issue
12eissn
0364-3190issn
1573-6903journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Calcium-naive synaptosomes were used to assess the effects of divalent cations on [3H]acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal homogenates. Following equilibration with calcium-free buffer (containing 10 microM EGTA), calcium reversibly increased [3H]acetylcholine efflux (up to five-fold) while causing no measurable...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00966598
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vesicular hypothesis has stimulated fruitful investigations on many secreting systems. In the case of rapid synaptic transmission, however, the hypothesis has been found difficult to reconcile with a number of well established observations. Brief impulses of transmitter molecules (quanta) are emitted from nerve te...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1022451224748
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TRH-like immunoreactivity distinct from TRH is present in various tissues and fluids. In order to determine whether TRH-like molecules are secreted by the hypothalamus, we analyzed tissues and media from hypothalamic slices incubated in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate. Media from basal or high KCl conditions contained 3 TRH-...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020993527602
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of L-glutamate (Glu) and its structural analogs N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), on the activation of p42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was examined in cultured chick radial glia cells, namely retinal Muller cells and cerebe...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1027345808746
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emerging data suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is prominently involved in Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is a member of the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent deacetylases that regulates a variety of mitochondrial functions and suppresses mitochondria-related ph...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1630-1
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) are ectomesenchymal multipotent stem cells that form spheroid cell clusters (SCCs) under serum free medium cell culture conditions (SFM). Until today, molecular mechanisms for the formation of SCCs are unknown. In this study a quantitative phosphoproteomics approach revealed regulate...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-014-1298-y
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Fatty Acid method was used to determine whether incorporation of plasma radiolabeled arachidonic acid into brain phospholipids is controlled by phospholipase A2. Awake rats received an i.v. injection of a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, manoalide (10 mg/kg), and then were infused i.v. with [1-(14)C]arachidonate or [3H...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1020788031720
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the Fischer 344 rat were examined for an age-dependent change in neuronal and non-neuronal binding. Clonazepam and Ro5-6669 displaceable [3H]diazepam binding were used as indicators of [3H]diazepam binding on neuronal and non-neuronal membranes, respectively. In both ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964927
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of endogenous amino acids from depolarized rat hippocampal mossy fiber synaptosomes was investigated to assess the possible role(s) of glutamate and aspartate in mediating the excitatory mossy fiber synaptic input. The relative proportions of prodynorphin-derived peptides concomitantly released with amino ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00969176
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subcellular distribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied in comparison with that of guanine nucleotide-stimulated cyclase activity. The distributions of these activities were similar among the crude fractions but differed among the purified subsynaptosomal fractions. The specif...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965018
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunocytochemistry was used to determine sites of synthesis and pathways for the transport of the neuropeptide, Leucomyosuppressin (pQDVDHVFLRFamide) in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. This study led to identification of neurons in the brain and thoracic ganglia reactive to polyclonal antibodies raised against thi...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00974872
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine is a semiessential amino acid that is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, and leukocytes. Taurine reaches up to 50 mM concentration in leukocytes. Taurine has been shown to be tissue-protecti...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/b:nere.0000010440.37629.17
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelinated axons were isolated by flotation from bovine pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, cervical spinal cord and three regions of the subcortical white matter. The myelinated axons were osmotically and mechanically shocked, followed by fractionation on a linear 15% sucrose to 45% sucrose density gradient. Axolemma-e...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01268880
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are both expressed in developing cerebellum in addition to their tyrosine kinase receptors. TrkB and TrkC. In contrast to BDNF.NT-3 has only a negligible or a transient survival activity on cultured cerebellar granule neurons. The gra...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02532309
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the consensus that activation of TWIK-related spinal cord K+ (TRESK) might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pain, the specific mechanisms underlying the transfer and development of pain signals still remain obscure. In the present study, we validated that TRESK was expressed in neurons instead of glia...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-016-2170-z
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complicated syndrome that affects multiple organs including the brain that continue post- delivery in both mother and the offspring. We evaluated the expression of oligodendrocytes in the brain of PE rat model through development as well as the cognitive changes and other behavioural ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-020-02969-5
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kv1.3 is a voltage gated potassium channel that has been implicated in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we investigated temporal and cellular expression pattern of this channel in the lumbar part of spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal mod...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-2509-8
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its actions via a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors/channels and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. In addition to being expressed in neurons, glutamate receptors are expressed in different types of...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9694-9
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States is more than 10,000 per year, resulting in 720 cases per million persons enduring permanent disability each year. The economic impact of SCI is estimated to be more than 4 billion dollars annually. Preclinical studies, case reports, and s...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11064-013-0991-6
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia is one of the major common components of vascular risk factors for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the possible relationship between hypoxia and alternative splicing of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in a transgenic model for Alzheimer's disease. We used an APP23 m...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-007-9540-5
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental studies demonstrate that inhaled anesthetics can cause neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. Evidence suggests changes in cerebral metabolism following inhaled anesthetics treatment can perturb cerebral homeostasis, which may be associated with their induced neurotoxicity. Seven-day-old rat ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-015-1529-x
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluates whether physiological variables differentially affect the local synthesis of protein constituents of synapses in subcellular fractions containing pinched-off dendrites (synaptodendrosomes). Synaptodendrosomes were pulse-labeled in a medium containing 35S-methionine with 3 or 25 mM KCl and in the p...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02527725
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) caused a nuclear damage, the mitochondrial membrane permeability changes, leading to the cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH in PC12 cells. Nicardipine (a calcium channel bloc...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-006-9088-9
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MAO inhibitor phenelzine (PLZ) at a dose of 25 mg/kg does not affect the behavior of rats. In contrast, the equivalent dose of a deuterated analog (alpha, alpha, beta, beta-tetradeutero-PLZ, d4PLZ) elicits a biphasic behavioral syndrome in rats. In an attempt to correlate changes in cerebral monoamines with behavi...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00973322
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of the enkephalin dimer [D-Ala2, Leu5-NH-CH2-]2 (DPE2) is characterized by its high affinity for receptors on NG108-15 hybrid cells, the affinity constant K = 4.7 X 10(9) M-1 is up to 8-fold that of monomers (0.6 to 1.0 X 10(9) M-1), and a maximal binding capacity equal to one half that of the monomers. Ki...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00965208
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deprenyl has been discovered by Knoll and co-workers. The R-enantiomer of deprenyl (selegiline) is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of the B-isoform of monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) enzyme. Due to its dopamine potentiating and possible neuroprotective properties it has an established role in the treatment of parkins...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-010-0238-8
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell densities and respiratory rates of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain grown in primary culture were determined after 20-30 days in vitro. Cells grown in flasks reached lower densities (microgram DNA/cm2) and higher protein:DNA ratios than cells grown in petri dishes. Respiratory rates were lower for cells grown i...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00964355
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nerve agent VX has a variable and delayed absorption through the skin, which may have implications for treatment regimens. In the present study, central and peripheral effects of percutaneous VX intoxication were investigated in hairless guinea pigs. Although onset times of clinical signs varied considerably, the ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-007-9508-5
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 传,社论,历史文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-018-02702-3
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase (PC; EC 6.4.1.1) is considered to play a significant role in the intermediary metabolism of neural tissue. PC-catalyzed carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is a major anaplerotic reaction in brain. Anaplerosis is essential for homeostasis of the members of the trica...
journal_title：Neurochemical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11064-008-9806-6
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
