Serotonin-, substance P- or leucine-enkephalin-containing neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe dorsalis send projection fibers to the central amygdaloid nucleus in the rat.

abstract：:Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan that acts on different receptors (e.g. those of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and presynaptic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh)), exerts fundamentally antiglutamatergic effects. In view of its antiglutamatergic properties, an elevation of the KYNA level withi...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Demeter I,Nagy K,Farkas T,Kis Z,Kocsis K,Knapp L,Gellert L,Fülöp F,Vecsei L,Toldi J

更新日期：2013-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies reported that peripheral administration of bombesin (BN) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) improved some forms of memory performance. In the present study, we examined the role of endogenous BN-like peptide(s) for the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice using BN-like peptide receptor...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Santo-Yamada Y,Yamada K,Wada E,Goto Y,Wada K

更新日期：2003-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that genetic variants play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In 2009, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6656401, in complement receptor 1 (CR1) is significantly associated with late-onset Alzheimer's diseas...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Jin C,Li W,Yuan J,Xu W,Cheng Z

更新日期：2012-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Gap junctions between neurons contribute to synchronous neuronal firing and may play a role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. We examined the expression of a number of gap junction subunits, including the neuronal gap junction forming protein connexin36 (Cx36), in the hippocampus at various time points following an ...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： McCracken CB,Roberts DC

更新日期：2006-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The sulphur-containing acidic amino acids (SAAs) display neuroexcitatory actions similar to those of L-glutamate and are widely regarded as bona fide transmitter candidates. In this study, L-cysteine sulphinic acid, L-cysteic acid, DL-homocysteic acid and L-homocysteine sulphinic acid were investigated for their abili...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Porter RH,Roberts PJ

更新日期：1993-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKROUND:A relatively small number of genetic variants are implicated to pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been reported to be implicated in the pathophysiological processes of ICH development. OBJECTIVE:To examine the role of AQP4 gene region polymorphisms on the ICH risk. ME...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Dardiotis E,Siokas V,Marogianni C,Aloizou AM,Sokratous M,Paterakis K,Dardioti M,Grigoriadis S,Brotis A,Kapsalaki E,Fountas K,Jagiella J,Hadjigeorgiou GM

更新日期：2019-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytic glial cells from neonatal rat brains were grown in primary culture. Dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP-II) enzyme activity was measured in cells disrupted by nonionic detergent. The rate of enzyme activity was measured in the presence of various ions, under isosmotic conditions adjusted using mannitol and NaCl. D...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Stevens BR,Fernandez A,Sumners C,Hearing L

更新日期：1988-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk has been widely reported, but results were somewhat controversial. To assess the association between IDE polymorphisms and AD risk, a meta-analysis was performed. We systematically reviewed relevant studies retr...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Zhang Y,Wang B,Wan H,Zhou Q,Li T

更新日期：2013-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the normal inner ear, there are elements that belong to the immune system. Different inner ear disorders can be explained by autoimmune mechanisms, affecting both humoral and cellular immunity. Melatonin, the principal hormone of the pineal gland, modulates the immune system and extensively participates in the ...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Lopez-Gonzalez MA,Guerrero JM,Delgado F

更新日期：1997-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence and distribution of nociceptin, a 17-amino acid peptide with structural similarity to dynorphin A, and its receptor, opioid receptor-like-1 (ORL1) receptor, were investigated in the guinea-pig sympathetic nervous system by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Kummer W,Fischer A

更新日期：1997-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In an isolated preparation which consists of the buccal ganglia and the salivary nerve of Helix lucorum, neuron B2 can be identified by simultaneously recording the soma spike intracellularly and the axon spike extracellularly from the peripheral salivary nerve. The convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) eliminates t...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Maratou E,Theophilidis G

更新日期：1999-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) has various neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it has been reported that ALC facilitates myelination of regenerated axons after peripheral nerve injuries. We previously reported that spontaneous regeneration of the lateral olfactory t...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Fukushima N,Yokouchi K,Kuroiwa M,Kawagishi K,Moriizumi T

更新日期：2017-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of treadmill exercise training on prepro-galanin (GAL) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) were examined. Male Fischer-344 rats (n=9) were assigned to 6 weeks of treadmill running. An additional group of animals comprised the sedentary home cage control group (n=9). Le...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： O'Neal HA,Van Hoomissen JD,Holmes PV,Dishman RK

更新日期：2001-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the caudate spindle in control and pargyline-pretreated rats following bilateral application of 3 doses (15, 50 and 150 micrograms/site) of dopamine (DA) into the caudate nucleus. The highest dose of DA (150 micrograms) suppressed the spindle, whereas lower doses (15, 50 micrograms) enhanced the spindle in...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Okuyama S,Hashimoto S,Aihara H

更新日期：1985-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The roles of the endogenous adenosine on acetylcholine release via adenosine A1 receptor were investigated in rat cerebral cortex using brain microdialysis. Oral administration of KF15372 (8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), a novel selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, at doses of 1.25, 5, and 20 mg/kg...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Kurokawa M,Shiozaki S,Nonaka H,Kase H,Nakamura J,Kuwana Y

更新日期：1996-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A single session of aerobic exercise is linked to faster motor responses; however, the effect on rate of short-term learning is less clear. The objective was to evaluate the influence of a single bout of aerobic exercise on the rate of short-term acquisition of a shape-letter association task requiring a mot...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Sage MD,Beyer KB,Laylor M,Liang C,Roy EA,McIlroy WE

更新日期：2016-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Imperceptible vibratory Gaussian noise stimulation to the periphery is frequently being applied to humans to enhance motor performance. It is commonly theorized that this stimulation creates a Stochastic Resonance-like effect across both sensory and motor systems, but this idea has no empirical support. In contrast, t...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Tenan MS,Tweedell AJ,Haynes CA,Passaro AD

更新日期：2019-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Monotherapy with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) or interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) reduces hyperalgesia in an animal model of painful neuropathy. Here we investigated whether combined therapy with epineurial anti-TNF and anti-IL-1R1 antibodies produces a further advantage. C57BL/6 mice with a chroni...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Schäfers M,Brinkhoff J,Neukirchen S,Marziniak M,Sommer C

更新日期：2001-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of dystrophin-protein 71 (Dp71) was investigated during nerve growth factor (NGF) induced differentiation of PC12 cells. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was designed to measure Dp71 mRNA, whereas the Dp71 protein amount was evaluated by immunoblot analy...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Cisneros B,Rendon A,Genty V,Aranda G,Marquez F,Mornet D,Montañez C

更新日期：1996-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A large dose of carbachol (5 micrograms/0.5 microliters) unilaterally microinjected into the rostral substantia nigra of rats induced stereotypy characterized by biting, gnawing and licking. A lower dose (0.5 micrograms/0.5 microliter) of the cholinomimetic potentiated normal food intake in satiated animals. Both the ...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Taha EB,Redgrave P

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical practice has shown that acupuncture at facial acupoints has curative effects on some visceral diseases (especially gastrointestinal diseases). However, the physiological basis has not been clarified yet. In the present study, expression of c-fos in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of rats following gas...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Liu JH,Li J,Yan J,Chang XR,Cui RF,He JF,Hu JM

更新日期：2004-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine's enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway plays a critical role in the initial reinforcing properties of this drug. However, other neurotransmitter systems are also integral to the addiction process. A large body of data indicates that opioids and dopamine together mediate emoti...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Ambrose LM,Gallagher SM,Unterwald EM,Van Bockstaele EJ

更新日期：2006-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously reported that Tyr-Leu (YL) exhibits potent anxiolytic-like activity comparable to diazepam in mice. In the current study, we revealed that aromatic amino acid-Leu, Phe-Leu and Trp-Leu (FL and WL, respectively), exhibited anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. FL and WL w...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Mizushige T,Kanegawa N,Yamada A,Ota A,Kanamoto R,Ohinata K

更新日期：2013-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of mRNA coding for a pituitary thyrotropin releasing-hormone (TRH) receptor was examined on sections of spinal cord and lower brainstem of rat using in situ hybridization. Hybridization signals were observed over large neurons in the ventral horn in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments of spinal co...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Wu W,Elde R,Wessendorf MW,Hökfelt T

更新日期：1992-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether central alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms are involved in urinary sodium and potassium excretion and urine volume induced by angiotensin II (ANGII), these renal parameters were measured in volume-expanded Holtzman rats with cannulas implanted into lateral ventricle (LV) and lateral hypotha...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Saad WA,Camargo LA,Renzi A,Menani JV,Saad WA

更新日期：1995-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex aetiology displayed by multiple pathogenic factors. The APOE varepsilon4 allele represents the only established genetic risk factor for sporadic AD; in addition, previous findings on three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the APOE...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Valenza A,Bizzarro A,Marra C,Lauria A,Guglielmi V,Rossi C,Tiziano FD,Brahe C,Masullo C

更新日期：2010-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex were determined using online microdialysis in freely moving rats during classical appetitive or aversive conditioning to a contextual conditioned stimulus (CS). As CS we used placement in a Skinner box where either foot shocks or f...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Feenstra MG,Teske G,Botterblom MH,De Bruin JP

更新日期：1999-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal action potential (RAP) was recorded at different depths in the median eye of scorpion, using a glass micropipette electrode (tip diameter 2-3 mum). The amplitude of RAP was largest when the tip of the electrode touched the distal process of the receptor cell (RC). The polarity of RAP became reversed when the t...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Ramakrishna T

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence shows that inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. Apigenin, one type of natural flavone, has a number of biological actions including anti-inflammatory effects. Although it has potential antidepressant activity in a chronic mild stress model, the mechanisms of antidepress...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Li R,Zhao D,Qu R,Fu Q,Ma S

更新日期：2015-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is correlated with neuronal degeneration and loss of neuronal precursors in different parts of the brain. It has been found disturbance in the homeostasis neural stem cells (NSCs) can cause neurodegeneration. Morphine, an analgesic agent, can disrupt the dynamic and normal state of NSCs. However, m...

journal_title：Neuroscience letters

authors： Salarinasab S,Nourazarian A,Nikanfar M,Abdyazdani N,Kazemi M,Feizy N,Rahbarghazi R

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00