Abstract：
:Cancer stem cells are presently viewed as carriers of the growth initiating potential, repopulation capability and drug resistance in tumors. However, many of these fundamental properties of cancer are host-related, modified by cell-cell interactions and/or dependent on angiogenesis. Indeed, it is well established that co-injection of cancer cells with their irradiated (mitotically dead) counterparts, or with Matrigel can significantly increase their tumor forming capacity (i.e. the attribute presently associated with cancer cell 'stemness'). Similarly transfection of angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF/VPF) can promote such capacity in certain cell lines. Moreover, injection site (e.g., orthotopic vs. ectopic) may significantly modulate tumor take in experimental settings. These observations cannot be reconciled with the paradigm that tumor initiation potential is a fixed, constitutive and cell autonomous feature of a subset of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers (e.g., CD133, Sca1 and other). Instead, it is proposed here that 'stemness' in cancer (perhaps unlike in normal self renewing tissues), rather then being assigned to a particular readily identifiable cell subset, could be a property of interactive clusters of cancer cells (perhaps including, but not limited to cells with stem cell markers). Such 'multicellular units' would become equipped with properties experimentally perceived as 'stemness', i.e. the capacity to initiate tumor growth, when they express the capacity to induce angiogenesis. It is also postulated here that, while the pursuit of subsets of cancer cells harbouring stem cell markers has been fascinating and revealing, due to aforementioned limitations of the present stem cell concept and presumed intractability (e.g., mutability) of such cells, further therapeutic promise may reside in a better definition of 'multicellular angiogenic cancer stem units'.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Rak Jdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
601-4issue
3eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(05)00460-3journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Traditional wisdom and empirical observation unite in recommending a 7 year unit for measuring human life - including individual and institutional science. But, because of astronomy and the decimal system, things tend to be measured either in years, five years or in decades. A year is too short while a decade is too l...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.017
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inadequately responsive glycaemic control is an important factor in the causation of diabetic end-organ damage. Artificial or hybrid bioartificial pancreases can provide responsive glycaemic control that can reduce the enormous personal suffering and socio-economic costs of diabetes. However, they share the shortcomin...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.08.047
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiomyopathies are the group of diseases affecting the cardiac muscle. Although they have never been related to oxidative stress diseases, an analysis of the causes of these pathologies reveals the presence of a pro-oxidative agent or that the intracardiocytic balance between oxidation and antioxidation has been bro...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90453-3
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Boron is increasingly added to food supplements due to multiple effects that have been reported in mammals after boric acid administration. Among these effects are inflammatory process control, bone and muscle strength enhancement, protein expression regulation, and a decreased risk of developing some pathologies in w...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.024
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Huachansu, a Chinese medicine that comes from dried toad venom from the skin glands of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, has been used in treatment of cancers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huachansu combined with chemotherapy for advanced gas...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.038
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome that is estimated to affect 4-8 million US adults. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying this illness remain unclear, rendering most clinical treatment and management techniques relatively ineffective. It is now known that abnormalities in both noci...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.052
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author, in an attempt to clarify whether the rise of alternative medicine is a phenomenon characteristic of our time or whether it existed in the past as well, has identified at least three alternative medicines, which developed in ancient Rome, ancient India and in the medieval Islamic world. The circumstances le...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1061
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presented hypothesis suggests that chronic latent malaria infection prepares the niche where the otherwise feeble HIV coinfection can thrive and cause AIDS. It is suggested that the roots of the HIV outbreak and AIDS pandemic lay in the urbanization processes in Africa that resulted in the eradication of the Anoph...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1299
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have observed a distinct difference in the alpha-fetoprotein production of Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss white mice. When both animals are fed a 1% D/L-ethionine diet, only the rat responds with increased levels of hepatic alpha-fetoprotein synthesis as shown by radioimmunoassay studies. Also, hybridization studies...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90083-4
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A steady fall in mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been reported recently in the United States. This study tests the hypothesis that fruits and vegetables had a protective effect against cardiovascular mortality among the American population from 1964-78. Special attention was focused on more spec...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90035-0
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are differences in male and female height throughout the growth period. Utilising reference standard height charts we calculated the difference in male and female height as a function of age. A triphasic relationship was observed with statistically significant peaks (males greater than females) at 8 months and 1...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90122-8
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weight of available evidence suggests that leukaemogenesis is a multi-step, complex process. Since there are different types of leukaemia, it seems likely that a variety of distinct molecular mechanisms are involved, arising from different combinations of genetic defects. It is not therefore surprising that studie...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90188-5
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread epidemics of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90088-3
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pro-inflammatory peptides present in wheat and related grains are associated with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. We hypothesize that these peptides induce enteric responses that may exacerbate the gastrointestinal manifestations of graft-versus-host disease after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cel...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.037
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salt is a major mineral element that plays fundamental roles in health and disease. Excessive salt intake is a major cause of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Miscarriage and preeclampsia are the most common pregnancy complications with multiple etiological factors, including inflammatory and autoimmun...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.003
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arrhythmias is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Current antiarrhythmic drugs are limited by unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects such as proarrhythmias. Reentry mechanism plays an important role in persistence of arrhythmias. Reentry can only continue when reentry path-length is longer than card...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.047
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypterphosphorylation of tau proteins is a well-established step in the expression of the pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While a primary event that links aluminum and AD, the so-called 'aluminum hypotheses', is far from being demonstrated, however, the metal ion could be an important etiologica...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(95)90131-0
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cannabis use has often been associated with various forms of psychosis. Today it is well established that everyone produces marijuana-like compounds known as endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system is a homeostatic regulator of all body systems including the nervous system. As a result, imbalances in the endocann...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.025
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The theory presented herewith provides a unified explanation for neoplasia and teratogenesis, both regarded here as stem cell disorders. Proliferating cells in the organism form two mutually exclusive classes, immortal stem cells and transitional cells whose life span is limited. Any lasting change in the organism e.g...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90013-1
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neural network approach to modeling the development of personality traits through social learning is presented. From the more general model the special case of a network mapping four situation dimensions (input neurons) into seven dimensional personality traits (output neurons) is described. This network is allowed ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90057-w
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three important issues must be addressed in any attempt to determine whether combination painkillers play a role in analgesic nephropathy. The first issue, namely that of a causal link between the combination itself and nephrotoxicity, has never been adequately documented. On the contrary, there is much evidence that ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90199-z
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral arterial disease in the legs represents a subset of atherosclerosis that manifests a particularly sinister profile. A predominance of sympathetic activity in the periphery favors the development of neurogenic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis may then produce flow derangements and decreased physical activity...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.03.027
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid peroxidation has been shown to both enhance carcinogenesis and to have an anticarcinogenic effect. This paradox is of great relevance to the fields of free radical biology, biochemistry, pathology, nutrition and oncology among others and needs to be addressed. A proper understanding of this issue can be a key to...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90120-6
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Physiological acts present the puzzle that we are unable to explain how we performed them, how we solved the technical difficulties involved in their execution. For instance, when we sing, we produce various musical notes by changing the shape of the larynx. The normal person does not even know what the lary...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00156-1
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) are a source of "noncoronary collateral circulation" (NCCC), or "noncoronary collateral blood flow" (NCCBF). The hypothesis herein is that enhancement of NCCC may represent an alternative means of myocardial blood supply: (1) Ligature of the ITAs creates a local hypertensive statu...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.027
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comorbidity of eating disorders and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in the same patients raises the possibility of a common pathway for both conditions. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome may be manifesting itself in those individuals who have sympathetic overdrive. Microtrauma, often induced by compulsiv...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90305-4
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since forced unilateral nostril breathing activates the contralateral brain hemisphere, an animal analogue of this technique could be provided by methylmethacrylate gluing large plastic pellets in either the right or left nostrils in a group of rats. A large number of physiological, pharmacological, and immunological ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(89)90047-9
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erectile dysfunction after nerve injury is a common disease after radical prostatectomy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family, which plays an important role in the survival of existing neurons, the differentiation of new neurons, and synaptic plasticity. It has been demonstra...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.014
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prion protein, known as Prp(c), is a GPI-anchored membrane bound glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed in the body. To date, the precise nature of its physiological role remains a mystery. The prion protein's presence on neurons and immune effector cells suggests a dual neurological and immunological function. Some cons...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.038
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Except for a few diseases of molecular mimicry such as rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy, the cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown. Most autoimmune diseases are remitting-relapsing and the pathophysiology of either the initial attack or subsequent r...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.015
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
