Reinterpretation of the Dick test: role of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin.

abstract：:Recent reports have suggested that oral vaccination of mice against Helicobacter pylori is dependent on a Th1-mediated immune response. However, oral vaccination in mice neither induces sterilizing immunity nor leads to complete protection from disease. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether a systemic subcu...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Sommer F,Wilken H,Faller G,Lohoff M

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypanosoma cruzi species is categorized into six discrete typing units (TcI to TcVI) of which TcI is most abundantly noted in the sylvatic transmission cycle and considered the major cause of human disease. In our study, the TcI strains Colombiana (COL), SylvioX10/4 (SYL), and a cultured clone (TCC) exhibited differe...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Zago MP,Hosakote YM,Koo SJ,Dhiman M,Piñeyro MD,Parodi-Talice A,Basombrio MA,Robello C,Garg NJ

更新日期：2016-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent adjuvant for mucosal vaccination; however, its mechanism of action has not been clarified completely. It is well established that peripheral monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) both in vitro and in vivo and that monocytes are the in vivo precursors of mucosal CD103(-) proi...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Veglia F,Sciaraffia E,Riccomi A,Pinto D,Negri DR,De Magistris MT,Vendetti S

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, which is associated with the most severe cases of bacillary dysentery, were constructed. The rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for S. dysenteriae 1 O antigen biosynthesis, were randomly integrated into either the chromosome or the virulence plasmid of the rou...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Klee SR,Tzschaschel BD,Fält I,Kärnell A,Lindberg AA,Timmis KN,Guzmán CA

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of resistant or susceptible mice with Trichuris muris provokes mesenteric lymph node responses which are polarized towards Th2 or Th1, respectively. These responses are well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the local responses occurring within the infected intestine. Through m...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Datta R,deSchoolmeester ML,Hedeler C,Paton NW,Brass AM,Else KJ

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptidoglycans of organisms belonging to the strictly anaerobic family Bacteroidaceae were investigated for the presence of lanthionine. Different procedures for the quantitation of lanthionine were compared. Performic acid and peroxide oxidation procedures on 35S-labeled peptidoglycan from Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Vasstrand EN,Jensen HB,Miron T,Hofstad T

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herein we report an important role for the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in the resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to the reactive nitrogen species produced by inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase in an NRAMP1(r) murine model of acute systemic infection. The expression of fur protected Salmonella gr...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Husain M,Jones-Carson J,Liu L,Song M,Saah JR,Troxell B,Mendoza M,Hassan H,Vázquez-Torres A

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface layer proteins (SLPs) are essential for induction of abortion by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in experimentally challenged ewes. These proteins are encoded by multiple sap genes and vary in size and antigenicity. The role of SLP antigenic variation during experimental ovine infection was investigated. Foll...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Grogono-Thomas R,Blaser MJ,Ahmadi M,Newell DG

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells in the Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens that survive and replicate within host monocytes. Brucella maintains persistent infections in animals despite the production of high levels of anti-Brucella-specific antibodies. To determine the effect of antibody opsonization on the ability of Brucella to establi...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Bellaire BH,Roop RM 2nd,Cardelli JA

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal mucus is postulated to play a role in preventing colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by microbial pathogens. To evaluate the ability of both crude mucus and purified mucin, a glycoprotein of goblet cell origin, to inhibit mucosal adherence of enteric pathogens, we examined whether mucus and mucin der...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Drumm B,Roberton AM,Sherman PM

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the humoral immunological responses at the subclass level in shigellosis, specific antibody responses against Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. flexneri Y LPS, invasion plasmid-coded protein antigens (Ipa), and Shiga toxin were analyzed. Antibody responses of 41 patients with S. dysenteriae...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Islam D,Wretlind B,Ryd M,Lindberg AA,Christensson B

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ingestion of 14C-amino acid-labeled Chlamydia psittaci (6BC) by mouse fibroblasts (L cells) was inhibited when the host cells were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C in Earle salts containing 10 mug of crystalline trypsin per ml. Tryptic digestion also inhibited the ingestion of 1-mum polystrene latex beads. Trypsin...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Byrne GI

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastatic infection after hematogenous dissemination of Candida species is presumably dependent on the fungus traversing the vascular endothelium. An in vitro model of the earliest events of metastatic Candida infection was developed with whole vascular strips. Freshly obtained porcine blood vessels were secured in a...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Klotz SA,Drutz DJ,Harrison JL,Huppert M

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small-colony variants (SCVs) are slow-growing variants of human bacterial pathogens. They are associated with chronic persistent infections, and their biochemical identification and antimicrobial treatment are impaired by altered metabolic properties. To contribute to the understanding of SCV-mediated infections, we a...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Roggenkamp A,Hoffmann H,Hornef MW

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protective immunity against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by the formation in the lungs of granulomas consisting of macrophages and activated T cells producing tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon, both required for the activation of the phagocytes. In 90% of immunocompetent humans, this res...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Kaplan G,Post FA,Moreira AL,Wainwright H,Kreiswirth BN,Tanverdi M,Mathema B,Ramaswamy SV,Walther G,Steyn LM,Barry CE 3rd,Bekker LG

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated oxidative metabolism in alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils. This compound also stimulated lysozyme release from neutrophils but not from alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that the regulation of lysozyme release from alveolar macrophages is different than for poly...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Biggar WD

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies with animal models have demonstrated that viral respiratory tract infections suppress bacterial clearance processes in the lung and that this alteration in host defenses appears to explain the excessive mortality from bacterial pneumonia during influenza epidemics. However, since the pathogenesis of postinflue...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Nugent KM,Pesanti EL

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of Candida albicans strain WO-1 and related strains switch frequently and reversibly between a white-colony-forming unit (white phase) and a gray-colony-forming unit (opaque phase). Cells in the budding white phase exhibit the usual smooth round phenotype observed in other C. albicans strains, but cells in the b...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Anderson J,Cundiff L,Schnars B,Gao MX,Mackenzie I,Soll DR

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Chan WY,Entwisle C,Ercoli G,Ramos-Sevillano E,McIlgorm A,Cecchini P,Bailey C,Lam O,Whiting G,Green N,Goldblatt D,Wheeler JX,Brown JS

更新日期：2019-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Vibrio cholerae is the causal organism of the diarrheal disease cholera. The rugose variant of V. cholerae is associated with the secretion of an exopolysaccharide. The rugose polysaccharide has been shown to confer increased resistance to a variety of agents, such as chlorine, bioacids, and oxidative and osmotic stre...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Ali A,Johnson JA,Franco AA,Metzger DJ,Connell TD,Morris JG Jr,Sozhamannan S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicobacter pylori mutants deficient in 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (6PGD) were constructed. Colonization densities were lower and minimum infectious doses were higher for mutant strains than for wild-type strains. In spite of better colonization, however, wild-type strains did not displace the mutant in cocoloniz...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Wanken AE,Conway T,Eaton KA

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter jejuni was determined in the presence of different amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and preparations and constituents of mucin and bile. L-Fucose was the only carbohydrate and L-aspartate, L-cysteine, L-glutamate, and L-serine were the only amino acids producing a ch...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Hugdahl MB,Beery JT,Doyle MP

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the recent bioterrorism-related outbreaks, inhalational anthrax had a 45% mortality in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, underscoring the need for better adjuvant therapies. The variable latency between exposure and development of disease suggests an important role for the host's innate immune respons...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Gold JA,Hoshino Y,Hoshino S,Jones MB,Nolan A,Weiden MD

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intimate attachment to the host cell leading to the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions is an essential feature of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 pathogenesis. In a related pathogen, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), this activity is dependent upon translocation of the intimin receptor,...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： DeVinney R,Stein M,Reinscheid D,Abe A,Ruschkowski S,Finlay BB

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipid X, a precursor in the biosynthesis of lipid A, has been claimed to possess most of the immunostimulatory activity but none of the toxicity of endotoxin. However, recent work shows that synthetic lipid X can be contaminated with small amounts of N,O-acylated disaccharide-1-phosphate (H. Aschauer, A. Grob, J. Hild...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Lam C,Hildebrandt J,Schütze E,Rosenwirth B,Proctor RA,Liehl E,Stütz P

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biochemical properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from blood and peritoneal exudates of rabbits were compared. All enzymes measured showed almost identical activities in both types of cells, except for alkaline phosphodiesterase, the activity of which was seven times higher in peritoneal neutrophils. During ...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Takamori K,Yamashita T

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic helminth infections are known to be associated with the modulation of antigen-specific T-cell responses. Strongyloides stercoralis infection is characterized by the downmodulation of antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 responses and the upregulation of Th2 and Th9 responses. Immune homeostasis is partially maintaine...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Rajamanickam A,Munisankar S,Dolla C,Nutman TB,Babu S

更新日期：2019-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important agent of seafood-borne gastroenteritis, expresses several putative virulence factors that could account for the disease symptoms of infected humans, namely, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps. The pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus correlates well with the Kanagawa phenomeno...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Huntley JS,Hall AC,Sathyamoorthy V,Hall RH

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show in this study that toxin production in Clostridium difficile is altered in cells which can no longer form flagellar filaments. The impact of inactivation of fliC, CD0240, fliF, fliG, fliM, and flhB-fliR flagellar genes upon toxin levels in culture supernatants was assessed using cell-based cytotoxicity assay, ...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Aubry A,Hussack G,Chen W,KuoLee R,Twine SM,Fulton KM,Foote S,Carrillo CD,Tanha J,Logan SM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strains of type III group B streptococci isolated from patients with neonatal sepsis are generally resistant to complement-mediated phagocytic killing in the absence of specific antibody. It has been suggested that the resistance of type III group B streptococci to phagocytosis results from inhibition of alternative-c...

journal_title：Infection and immunity

authors： Marques MB,Kasper DL,Pangburn MK,Wessels MR

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00