Abstract:
:Supervised learning of different postural tasks in patients with lesions of the motor cortex or pyramidal system (poststroke hemiparesis: 20 patients), nigro-striatal system (Parkinson's disease: 33 patients) and cerebellum (spinocerebellar ataxia: 37 patients) was studied. A control group consisted of 13 healthy subjects. The subjects stood on a force platform and were trained to change the position of the center of pressure (CP) presented as a cursor on a monitor screen in front of the patient. Subjects were instructed to align the CP with the target and then move the target by shifting the CP in the indicated direction. Two different tasks were used. In "Balls", the target (a ball) position varied randomly, so the subject learned a general strategy of voluntary CP control. In "Bricks", the subject had to always move the target in a single direction (downward) from the top to the bottom of the screen, so that a precise postural coordination had to be learned. The training consisted of 10 sessions for each task. The number of correctly performed trials for a session (2 min for each task) was scored. The voluntary control of the CP position was initially impaired in all groups of patients in both tasks. In "Balls", there were no differences between the groups of the patients on the first day. The learning course was somewhat better in hemiparetic patients than in the other groups. In "Bricks", the initial deficit was greater in the groups of parkinsonian and cerebellar patients than in hemiparetic patients. However, learning was more efficient in parkinsonian than in hemiparetic and cerebellar patients. After 10 days of training, the hemiparetic and cerebellar patients completed the acquisition at a certain level whereas the parkinsonian patients showed the ability for further improvement. The results suggest that motor cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are involved in voluntary control of posture and learning different postural tasks. However, these structures play different roles in postural control and learning: basal ganglia are mainly involved in learning a general strategy of CP control while the function of the motor cortex chiefly concerns learning a specific CP trajectory. The cerebellum is involved in both kinds of learning.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Ioffe ME,Ustinova KI,Chernikova LA,Kulikov MAdoi
10.1007/s00221-005-0096-9keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
384-94issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
168pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Identifying a stimulus as the target for a goal-directed movement involves inhibiting competing responses. Separable inhibitory interconnections bias local competition to ensure only one stimulus is selected and to alter movement initiation. Behavioural evidence of these inhibitory processes comes from the effects of ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1645-9
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study tested the idea that the visuomotor systems mediating prehension do not have independent access to pictorial cues processed by perceptual mechanisms. Individuals with visual form agnosia, whose perceptual systems are compromised but who have intact visuomotor control, were examined to determine wheth...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005731
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into various parts of the superior colliculus (SC) in 14 cats, retrogradely labeled neurons were found in parts of all deep cerebellar nuclei. The present study demonstrated that there are three main origins of the cerebellotectal projections in regard to the locations ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239567
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in advanced countries of the world. Despite the fact that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are the by-products of normal metabolic processes and mediate important physiological processes, they can inflict damage to the cell if produced in...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1050-9
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stellate cells within the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) are a diverse cell group that have been classified according to their size and morphology. Some of these stellate cell types constitute major projection neurones into the brainstem and directly into the inferior colliculus, while others are implicated in more lo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1602-6
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main input of the lateral part of the cat's lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) comes from the primary visual cortex. We investigated the response properties of cells in area 17 projecting to the striate-recipient zone (LP1) of the cat's LP-P complex. The cells' receptive fields were stimulated with drifti...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227105
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient receptor potential receptors (TRP) on primary afferent neurons respond to noxious and/or thermal stimuli. TRPV1 receptors can be activated by noxious heat, acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, leading to burning pain or itch mediated by discharges in C polymodal and Adelta mechano-heat nociceptors and in cen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1760-2
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured rat hippocampal neurons with short processes were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp under conditions appropriate for isolating Na+ currents. After incubation of the neuron culture for a period of 15-30 min in 1 mM sodium valproate, several parameters of the Na+ current were changed. The peak Na+...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228395
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The projection from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (PH) to the superior colliculus (SC) has been proposed to provide a feedback control of collicular saccadic activities. The present study aimed to identify the functional properties of PH neurones projecting to the SC relative to eye movement parameters. Preposito-...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229141
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described for localized microapplication of drugs into nervous tissue of freely moving rats. Fairly constant release of material was observed over a period of more than three weeks. The amount of substance released was small because the rate of release was determined largely by diffusion rather than by mas...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238909
更新日期:1979-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular recordings were obtained from inferior olivary neurones of the rat. The responses of fifty neurones evoked by electrical stimulation of a branch of the trigeminal nerve were recorded. Maxillary nerve stimulation was most effective. The response was characterized by an early discharge (single spike and wa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238283
更新日期:1976-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Neuron activity was recorded in monkey cerebral cortex during a visually guided reaching task. Cells located in the banks of the arcuate sulcus at its curvature changed their activity during the period in which the monkey saw a food reward in a certain position, but before it moved to retrieve the reward. A role of th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238755
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The action of delta-aminovaleric acid (AVA) on the muscle relaxant properties of baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, was investigated in two experimental models: (1) the pathologically increased muscle tone of the gastrocnemius muscle in spastic mutant Han-Wistar rats and (2) the Hoffmann (H)-reflex recorded from plan...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247610
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anatomical studies in several species have demonstrated a pallidostriatal pathway. We employed electrophysiological and anatomical methods to distinguish the neurones of this pathway from the two pallidocortical groups reported in the rat. Injection of fluorescent retrograde tracers, combined with immunohistochemistry...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248863
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After intracranial transection of the optic nerve in cats the retinal stump of the nerve was injected with HRP. Surviving retinal ganglion cells can be retrogradely labeled at least up to 15.5 months of postoperative survival. ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00261356
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Directional preferences have previously been demonstrated during horizontal arm movements. These preferences were characterized by a tendency to exploit interaction torques for movement production at the shoulder or elbow, indicating that the preferred directions depend on biomechanical, and not on visual perception-b...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3766-z
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior reports have described a transient and focal decline in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude following fatiguing motor tasks. However, the neurophysiological causes of this change in MEP amplitude are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether post-t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2962-y
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::(1) The responses of CA1 pyramidal cells to short glutamate pulses (10-50 ms) delivered at sensitive spots in the apical dendrites have been analysed by intracellular recording. (2) The glutamate pulses elicited stable depolarizing responses in a dose- and frequency-dependent manner. (3) When a single action potential...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228178
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electrophysiological properties of the two major glial cell types in cultures from the regenerating goldfish optic nerve/tract were studied with patch-clamp techniques. Spindle-shaped cells express myelin proteins. These oligodendrocyte-like cells possess outwardly rectifying currents, do not show glutamate activa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231855
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether vestibular information related to head acceleration is available for triggering postural responses to perturbations of stance in the freely-standing cat. Linear accelerations of the head were recorded during postural responses evoked by linear translations of the support ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228511
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human gait is a complex process in the central nervous system that results from the integrity of various mechanisms, including different cortical and subcortical structures. In the present study, we investigated cortical activity during lower limb movement using EEG. Assisted by a dynamic tilt table, all subjects perf...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2223-5
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated anatomical and physiological properties of the projection from the pretectal nuclear complex (PNC) to the ipsilateral lateral posterior-pulvinar complex in the cat. After Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injections into the PNC, the majority (70%) of anterogradely labeled terminals was localized in t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100738
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous investigations have revealed that perceived spatial frequency of gratings rises as contrast is lowered. In order to account for this finding it has been postulated that the spatial frequency which produces the maximum response from cortical neurones decreases with contrast. We have examined this hypothesis by...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236862
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In classic conditioning, the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimulus is a critical parameter. The aim of the present experiment was to assess whether, during conditioning, modification of the CS-US interval could reliably produce changes in the functional properties of...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900290
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distribution of substance P (SP)-positive fibers in the medial preoptic area (POM) of the rat and their origins were examined using indirect immunofluorescence. A very high density of SP-positive fibers was seen in the POM throughout its entire rostro-caudal extent. However, the distribution of these fibers was not ev...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239411
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously described a visual area situated in the cortex surrounding the deep infolding of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat (Mucke et al. 1982). Using orthograde and retrograde transport methods we now report anatomical evidence that this anterior ectosylvian visual area (AEV) is connected with a su...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238842
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a conservative and reasonable suggestion that implicit functioning, as in blindsight, is simply a weakened, degraded form of normal functioning, especially as the parameters of vision in blindsight are themselves weakened--e.g., acuity is reduced, detection thresholds are raised, chromatic discrimination is coar...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1388-7
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the finger interactions during maximum voluntary force (MVF) production in flexion and extension in children and adults. The goal of this study was to investigate the age-related changes and flexion-extension differences of MVF and finger interaction indices, such as finger inter-dependency (force enslaving...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0629-x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal and ventral streams model of action and perception suggests that reaching to grasp a tool for use involves integrated operation of the two streams. Few attempts have been made to test the limits of this integration in normal subjects. Twenty normal subjects reached for tools or geometric objects which were ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3501-9
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous findings have suggested that visuomotor programming can make use of learned size information in experimental paradigms where movement kinematics are quite consistent from trial to trial. The present experiment was designed to test whether or not this conclusion could be generalized to a different manipulation...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1250-2
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00